diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/arithmetic/errors.txt b/spec/runtime/languages/arithmetic/errors.txt
index 9e9319b1..9a5a803a 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/arithmetic/errors.txt
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/arithmetic/errors.txt
@@ -1,15 +1,21 @@
 =====================================================
-recovers from errors at the top level
+errors at the top level
 =====================================================
+
 x * * y
+
 ---
+
 (variable) (ERROR '*')
 
 =====================================================
-recovers from errors inside parenthesized expressions
+errors inside parenthesized expressions
 =====================================================
+
 x + (y * + z) * 5
+
 ---
+
 (sum
     (variable)
     (product (group (ERROR '+')) (number)))
diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/arithmetic/main.txt b/spec/runtime/languages/arithmetic/main.txt
index f6c75dd1..fd5c3e04 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/arithmetic/main.txt
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/arithmetic/main.txt
@@ -1,52 +1,73 @@
 ====================
-parses numbers
+numbers
 ===================
+
 5
+
 ---
+
 (number)
 
 ===================
-parses variables
+variables
 ===================
+
 x
+
 ---
+
 (variable)
 
 ====================================
-parses variables with greek letters
+variables with greek letters
 ====================================
+
 φ1
+
 ---
+
 (variable)
 
 ===================
-parses products
+products
 ===================
+
 x * x
+
 ---
+
 (product (variable) (variable))
 
 ===================
-parses sums
+sums
 ===================
+
 x + x
+
 ---
+
 (sum (variable) (variable))
 
 ===============================================
-binds multiplication more tightly than addition
+operators of different precedence
 ===============================================
+
 a * b + c * d
+
 ---
+
 (sum
     (product (variable) (variable))
     (product (variable) (variable)))
 
 ============================
-parses exponents
+exponents
 ============================
+
 x + y * z^(a + b)
+
 ---
+
 (sum
     (variable)
     (product
diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/golang/declarations.txt b/spec/runtime/languages/golang/declarations.txt
index 5cbacfd8..df76a2eb 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/golang/declarations.txt
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/golang/declarations.txt
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 ==========================================
-parses simple declarations
+simple declarations
 ==========================================
+
 package trivial
 
 type x int64
 var y = ""
 func z() {}
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (package_directive (package_name))
     (type_declaration (type_name) (type_name))
@@ -14,21 +17,25 @@ func z() {}
     (func_declaration (var_name) (block_statement)))
 
 ==========================================
-parses var declarations
+var declarations
 ==========================================
+
 package trivial
 
 var X struct { Y int64 }
 var Z = ""
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (package_directive (package_name))
     (var_declaration (var_name) (struct_type (var_name) (type_name)))
     (var_declaration (var_name) (string)))
 
 ==========================================
-parses comments
+comments
 ==========================================
+
 package trivial
 
 var x = 1 // on variable
@@ -36,8 +43,10 @@ var x = 1 // on variable
 func main() {
     // in function
 }
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (package_directive (package_name))
     (var_declaration (var_name) (expression (number) (comment)))
-    (func_declaration (var_name) (block_statement (comment))))
\ No newline at end of file
+    (func_declaration (var_name) (block_statement (comment))))
diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/golang/errors.txt b/spec/runtime/languages/golang/errors.txt
index 23d89247..07cd2331 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/golang/errors.txt
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/golang/errors.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 ==========================================
-handles indented code after blocks
+indented code after blocks
 =========================================
+
 package trivial
 
   func one() {}
     func two() {}
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (package_directive (package_name))
     (func_declaration (var_name) (block_statement))
diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/golang/expressions.txt b/spec/runtime/languages/golang/expressions.txt
index d1d70925..653db1b0 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/golang/expressions.txt
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/golang/expressions.txt
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 ==========================================
-parses function calls
+function calls
 ==========================================
+
 package main
 
 func main() {
     println("1", 2)
     println()
 }
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (package_directive (package_name))
     (func_declaration (var_name) (block_statement
@@ -15,14 +18,17 @@ func main() {
         (expression_statement (call_expression (var_name))))))
 
 ============================================
-parses selector expressions
+selector expressions
 ============================================
+
 package main
 
 func main() {
     x.SomeMethod(x.SomeField, x.OtherField.NestedField);
 }
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (package_directive (package_name))
     (func_declaration (var_name) (block_statement
diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/golang/statements.txt b/spec/runtime/languages/golang/statements.txt
index f67dbc59..5e547da6 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/golang/statements.txt
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/golang/statements.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ============================================
-parses return statements
+return statements
 ============================================
 package main
 
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ func main() {
 func helper() {
     return 1, two, "three"
 }
+
 ---
+
 (program (package_directive (package_name))
     (func_declaration (var_name) (block_statement
         (return_statement)))
@@ -18,8 +20,9 @@ func helper() {
         (return_statement (number) (var_name) (string)))))
 
 ============================================
-parses variable declaration statements
+variable declarations
 ============================================
+
 package main
 
 func main() {
@@ -27,7 +30,9 @@ func main() {
     var z = 10
     println(x, y, z)
 }
+
 ---
+
 (program (package_directive (package_name))
     (func_declaration (var_name) (block_statement
         (declaration_statement (var_name) (var_name) (call_expression (var_name)))
@@ -35,8 +40,9 @@ func main() {
         (expression_statement (call_expression (var_name) (var_name) (var_name) (var_name))))))
 
 ============================================
-parses if statements
+if statements
 ============================================
+
 package main
 
 func main() {
@@ -51,7 +57,9 @@ func main() {
     } else if condition4() {
     }
 }
+
 ---
+
 (program (package_directive (package_name))
     (func_declaration (var_name) (block_statement
         (if_statement (call_expression (var_name))
@@ -64,8 +72,9 @@ func main() {
                 (block_statement))))))
 
 =============================================
-parses range statements
+range statements
 =============================================
+
 package main
 
 func main() {
@@ -77,10 +86,12 @@ func main() {
         println(k, v)
     }
 }
+
 ---
+
 (program (package_directive (package_name))
     (func_declaration (var_name) (block_statement
         (range_statement (var_name) (call_expression (var_name)) (block_statement
             (expression_statement (call_expression (var_name) (var_name)))))
         (range_statement (var_name) (var_name) (call_expression (var_name)) (block_statement
-            (expression_statement (call_expression (var_name) (var_name) (var_name))))))))
\ No newline at end of file
+            (expression_statement (call_expression (var_name) (var_name) (var_name))))))))
diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/golang/types.txt b/spec/runtime/languages/golang/types.txt
index 831c9ebe..c51f9e4e 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/golang/types.txt
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/golang/types.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 ==========================================
-parses complex types
+composite types
 ==========================================
+
 package main
 
 type x *struct {
@@ -9,7 +10,9 @@ type x *struct {
         DoStuff()
     }
 }
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (package_directive (package_name))
     (type_declaration
@@ -19,14 +22,17 @@ type x *struct {
             (var_name) (map_type (type_name) (interface_type (var_name)))))))
 
 ============================================
-parses functions arguments
+functions arguments
 ============================================
+
 package main
 
 func oneArg(arg1 interface{}) {}
 func argsOfSameType(arg1, arg2 string) {}
 func argsOfDifferentTypes() (arg1 string, arg2 int64) {}
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (package_directive (package_name))
     (func_declaration (var_name) (var_name) (interface_type) (block_statement))
@@ -34,13 +40,16 @@ func argsOfDifferentTypes() (arg1 string, arg2 int64) {}
     (func_declaration (var_name) (var_name) (type_name) (var_name) (type_name) (block_statement)))
 
 ============================================
-parses functions with unnamed return values
+functions with unnamed return values
 ============================================
+
 package main
 
 func oneReturnValue() string {}
 func multipleReturnValues() (string, int64, error) {}
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (package_directive (package_name))
     (func_declaration (var_name) (type_name)
@@ -49,13 +58,16 @@ func multipleReturnValues() (string, int64, error) {}
         (block_statement)))
 
 ============================================
-parses functions with named return values
+functions with named return values
 ============================================
+
 package main
 
 func oneReturnValue() (result string) {}
 func multipleReturnValues() (result string, count int64, err error) {}
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (package_directive (package_name))
     (func_declaration (var_name) (var_name) (type_name)
diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/control_flow.txt b/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/control_flow.txt
index 26392dc9..e088ee23 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/control_flow.txt
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/control_flow.txt
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 ==========================================
-parses multiple statements
+multiple statements
 ==========================================
+
 var x = {}, z, i = 0;
 firstFunction(x)
 secondFunction(x);
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (var_declaration
         (var_assignment (identifier) (object))
@@ -14,32 +17,39 @@ secondFunction(x);
     (expression_statement (function_call (identifier) (identifier))))
 
 ==========================================
-js parses if statements
+if statements
 ==========================================
+
 if (isReady()) {
     console.log(theData)
 }
+
 ---
+
 (if_statement (function_call (identifier))
     (statement_block (expression_statement (function_call (property_access (identifier) (identifier)) (identifier)))))
 
 ==========================================
-parses if-else statements
+if-else statements
 ==========================================
+
 if (theCondition) {
     firstFunction();
 } else {
     secondFunction();
 }
+
 ---
+
 (if_statement
     (identifier)
     (statement_block (expression_statement (function_call (identifier))))
     (statement_block (expression_statement (function_call (identifier)))))
 
 ==================================================
-parses if-else statements with multiple conditions
+if-else statements with multiple conditions
 ==================================================
+
 if (firstValue) {
     firstFunction();
 } else if (secondValue)
@@ -47,7 +57,9 @@ if (firstValue) {
 else {
     thirdFunction();
 }
+
 ---
+
 (if_statement (identifier)
     (statement_block (expression_statement (function_call (identifier))))
     (if_statement (identifier)
@@ -55,12 +67,15 @@ else {
         (statement_block (expression_statement (function_call (identifier))))))
 
 ==========================================
-parses for loops
+for loops
 ==========================================
+
 for (var i = 1; someCondition(i); i = next()) {
     doSomething();
 }
+
 ---
+
 (for_statement
     (var_declaration (var_assignment (identifier) (number)))
     (expression_statement (function_call (identifier) (identifier)))
@@ -68,13 +83,16 @@ for (var i = 1; someCondition(i); i = next()) {
     (statement_block (expression_statement (function_call (identifier)))))
 
 ==========================================
-parses for-in loops
+for-in loops
 ==========================================
+
 for (var key in someObject)
     doSomething();
 for (key in someObject)
     doSomethingElse();
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (for_in_statement
         (identifier) (identifier)
@@ -84,19 +102,22 @@ for (key in someObject)
         (expression_statement (function_call (identifier)))))
 
 ==========================================
-parses while loops
+while loops
 ==========================================
+
 while (someCondition(i)) {
     doSomething();
 }
+
 ---
 (while_statement
     (function_call (identifier) (identifier))
     (statement_block (expression_statement (function_call (identifier)))))
 
 ==========================================
-parses try/catch statements
+try/catch statements
 ==========================================
+
 try {
     doSomething();
 } catch (e) {
@@ -108,7 +129,9 @@ try {
 } finally {
     logError();
 }
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (try_statement
         (statement_block (expression_statement (function_call (identifier))))
@@ -120,26 +143,33 @@ try {
             (statement_block (expression_statement (function_call (identifier)))))))
 
 ===========================================
-parses throw statements
+throw statements
 ===========================================
+
 throw new Error("wtf");
+
 ---
+
 (throw_statement (constructor_call (function_call (identifier) (string))))
 
 ===========================================
-parses indented code after blocks
+indented code after blocks
 ===========================================
+
   function x() {}
   return z;
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (expression_statement
         (function_expression (identifier) (formal_parameters) (statement_block)))
     (return_statement (identifier)))
 
 ===========================================
-parses switch statements
+switch statements
 ===========================================
+
 switch(x) {
     case "hello":
         print("one");
@@ -150,7 +180,9 @@ switch(x) {
     default:
         print("three");
 }
+
 ---
+
 (switch_statement (identifier)
     (switch_case
         (string)
diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/errors.txt b/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/errors.txt
index 90833764..5170b4d9 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/errors.txt
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/errors.txt
@@ -1,19 +1,25 @@
 ==========================================
-recovers from errors in function calls
+errors in function calls
 ==========================================
+
 stuff(|||);
+
 ---
+
 (expression_statement (function_call (identifier) (ERROR '|')))
 
 ==========================================
-recovers from errors in if statements
+errors in if statements
 ==========================================
+
 stuff();
 if (*nonsense*) {
     *more-nonsense*;
 }
 moreStuff();
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (expression_statement (function_call (identifier)))
     (if_statement (ERROR '*')
diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/literals.txt b/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/literals.txt
index 6a7b9621..aa2571c3 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/literals.txt
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/literals.txt
@@ -1,36 +1,48 @@
 ==========================================
-parses regexes
+regexes
 ==========================================
+
 theFunction(/regex1/, /regex2/g);
+
 ---
+
 (expression_statement (function_call (identifier)
     (regex) (regex)))
 
 ==========================================
-parses numbers
+numbers
 ==========================================
+
 theFunction(100.0, 200);
+
 ---
+
 (expression_statement (function_call (identifier)
     (number) (number)))
 
 ==========================================
-parses strings
+strings
 ==========================================
+
 theFunction('', "", 'single-quoted-string', "double-quoted-string");
+
 ---
+
 (expression_statement (function_call (identifier)
     (string) (string) (string) (string)))
 
 ==========================================
-parses function expressions
+function expressions
 ==========================================
+
 var x = {
     theMethod: function(argA, argB) {
         var x = argA;
     }
 };
+
 ---
+
 (var_declaration (var_assignment
     (identifier)
     (object (identifier) (function_expression
@@ -39,8 +51,9 @@ var x = {
             (var_declaration (var_assignment (identifier) (identifier))))))))
 
 ==========================================
-parses comments
+comments
 ==========================================
+
 // this is the beginning of the script.
 // here we go.
 var thing = {
@@ -53,6 +66,7 @@ var thing = {
         doStuff();
     }
 };
+
 ---
 (comment)
 (comment)
@@ -68,9 +82,12 @@ var thing = {
                 (expression_statement (function_call (identifier))))))))
 
 ==========================================
-parses comments within expressions
+comments within expressions
 ==========================================
+
 y // comment
   * z;
+
 ---
+
 (expression_statement (math_op (expression (identifier) (comment)) (identifier)))
diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/operators.txt b/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/operators.txt
index dba2e0a1..d052f032 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/operators.txt
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/javascript/operators.txt
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
 ==========================================
-parses function calls
+function calls
 ==========================================
+
 x.theMethod(5, 6);
+
 ---
+
 (expression_statement (function_call
     (property_access (identifier) (identifier))
     (number) (number)))
 
 ==========================================
-parses constructor calls
+constructor calls
 ==========================================
+
 var x = new Node(5, new Node(3, null));
+
 ---
+
 (var_declaration (var_assignment
     (identifier)
     (constructor_call (function_call (identifier)
@@ -21,11 +27,14 @@ var x = new Node(5, new Node(3, null));
             (null)))))))
 
 ==========================================
-parses property access with dot notation
+property access with dot notation
 ==========================================
+
 object.property = "the-value";
 print(object.property);
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (expression_statement (assignment
         (property_access (identifier) (identifier))
@@ -35,22 +44,27 @@ print(object.property);
         (property_access (identifier) (identifier)))))
 
 ==========================================
-parses property access across lines
+property access across lines
 ==========================================
+
 object
   .someProperty
   .otherProperty
+
 ---
+
 (expression_statement
     (property_access
         (property_access (identifier) (identifier))
         (identifier)))
 
 ===========================================
-parses dynamic property access
+dynamic property access
 ==========================================
+
 object[propertName()] = propertyValue();
 print(object[propertyName()]);
+
 ---
 (program
     (expression_statement (assignment
@@ -61,18 +75,22 @@ print(object[propertyName()]);
         (property_access (identifier) (function_call (identifier))))))
 
 ==========================================
-parses ternary expressions
+ternary expressions
 ==========================================
+
 print(isDone() ? stuff : otherStuff);
+
 ---
+
 (expression_statement
     (function_call
         (identifier)
         (ternary (function_call (identifier)) (identifier) (identifier))))
 
 ==========================================
-parses mathematical operators
+mathematical operators
 ==========================================
+
 -a + b * c - d / +e
 
 ---
@@ -84,11 +102,13 @@ parses mathematical operators
             (math_op (identifier) (math_op (identifier))))))
 
 ==========================================
-parses boolean operators
+boolean operators
 =========================================
+
 !a || !(b && c)
 
 ---
+
 (expression_statement
     (bool_op
         (bool_op (identifier))
@@ -96,19 +116,22 @@ parses boolean operators
             (expression (bool_op (identifier) (identifier))))))
 
 ===========================================
-parses the type operators
+type operators
 ===========================================
+
 print((x instanceof Array) || (typeof x == "string"))
 
 ---
+
 (expression_statement (function_call (identifier)
     (bool_op
         (expression (instanceof_expression (identifier) (identifier)))
         (expression (typeof_expression (bool_op (identifier) (string)))))))
 
 ============================================
-parses the 'in' operator
+the 'in' operator
 ===========================================
+
 print(x in y)
 
 ---
@@ -117,13 +140,16 @@ print(x in y)
     (in_expression (identifier) (identifier))))
 
 ============================================
-parses assignment operators
+assignment operators
 ============================================
+
 x += 1;
 x -= 1;
 x *= 2;
 x /= 2;
+
 ---
+
 (program
     (expression_statement (assignment (identifier) (number)))
     (expression_statement (assignment (identifier) (number)))
@@ -131,11 +157,13 @@ x /= 2;
     (expression_statement (assignment (identifier) (number))))
 
 ============================================
-parses property access and operators
+property access and operators
 ============================================
+
 print(x.y.z && a.b.c)
 
 ---
+
 (expression_statement (function_call (identifier)
     (bool_op
         (property_access (property_access (identifier) (identifier)) (identifier))
diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/json/errors.txt b/spec/runtime/languages/json/errors.txt
index 2ecd6327..8082598a 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/json/errors.txt
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/json/errors.txt
@@ -1,21 +1,29 @@
 ==========================================
-recovers from top-level errors
+top-level errors
 ==========================================
+
 [}
+
 ---
+
 (ERROR '}')
 
 ==========================================
-recovers from unexpected tokens
+unexpected tokens
 ==========================================
+
 barf
+
 ---
+
 (ERROR 'b')
 
 ==========================================
-recovers from errors inside arrays
+errors inside arrays
 ==========================================
+
 [1, , 2]
+
 ---
 (array
     (number)
@@ -23,17 +31,23 @@ recovers from errors inside arrays
     (number))
 
 ==========================================
-recovers from errors inside objects
+errors inside objects
 ==========================================
+
 { "key1": 1, oops }
+
 ---
+
 (object (string) (number) (ERROR 'o'))
 
 ==========================================
-recovers from errors inside nested objects
+errors inside nested objects
 ==========================================
+
 { "key1": { "key2": 1, 2 }, [, "key3": 3 }
+
 ---
+
 (object
     (string) (object (string) (number) (ERROR '2'))
     (ERROR '[')
diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/json/main.txt b/spec/runtime/languages/json/main.txt
index cc9f4444..639c84fd 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/json/main.txt
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/json/main.txt
@@ -1,20 +1,27 @@
 =============================
-parses floating point numbers
+floating point numbers
 =============================
+
 3.14
+
 ---
+
 (number)
 
 ===================
-parses empty arrays
+empty arrays
 ===================
+
 []
+
 ---
+
 (array)
 
 ===================
-parses arrays
+arrays
 ===================
+
 [
     333,
     null,
@@ -22,7 +29,9 @@ parses arrays
     false,
     { "stuff": "good" }
 ]
+
 ---
+
 (array
     (number)
     (null)
@@ -31,21 +40,26 @@ parses arrays
     (object (string) (string)))
 
 ====================
-parses empty objects
+empty objects
 ====================
+
 {}
+
 ---
+
 (object)
 
 ===================
-parses long objects
+long objects
 ===================
+
 {
 	"key1": "value1",
 	"key2": 1
 }
+
 ---
+
 (object
 	(string) (string)
 	(string) (number))
-
diff --git a/spec/runtime/languages/language_specs.cc b/spec/runtime/languages/language_specs.cc
index f2386283..e35e8786 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/languages/language_specs.cc
+++ b/spec/runtime/languages/language_specs.cc
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ describe("Languages", [&]() {
       });
 
       for (auto &entry : test_entries_for_language(language_name)) {
-        it(entry.description.c_str(), [&]() {
+        it(("parses " + entry.description).c_str(), [&]() {
           ts_document_set_input_string(doc, entry.input.c_str());
-          auto doc_string = ts_node_string(ts_document_root_node(doc));
-          AssertThat(doc_string, Equals(("(DOCUMENT " + entry.tree_string + ")").c_str()));
-          free((void *)doc_string);
+          const char *node_string = ts_node_string(ts_document_root_node(doc));
+          AssertThat(node_string, Equals(("(DOCUMENT " + entry.tree_string + ")").c_str()));
+          free((void *)node_string);
         });
       }
     });