diff --git a/cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/mod.rs b/cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/mod.rs
index 963727c4..92683c41 100644
--- a/cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/mod.rs
+++ b/cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/mod.rs
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ mod flatten_grammar;
 mod intern_symbols;
 mod process_inlines;
 
-use super::Error;
+use super::{rules::Precedence, Error};
 use std::{
     cmp::Ordering,
-    collections::{hash_map, HashMap},
+    collections::{hash_map, HashMap, HashSet},
     mem,
 };
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub(crate) fn prepare_grammar(
     InlinedProductionMap,
     AliasMap,
 )> {
-    validate_precedence_orderings(&input_grammar.precedence_orderings)?;
+    validate_named_precedences(input_grammar)?;
 
     let interned_grammar = intern_symbols(input_grammar)?;
     let (syntax_grammar, lexical_grammar) = extract_tokens(interned_grammar)?;
@@ -69,12 +69,14 @@ pub(crate) fn prepare_grammar(
     Ok((syntax_grammar, lexical_grammar, inlines, default_aliases))
 }
 
-/// Make sure that there are no conflicting orderings. For any two precedence
-/// names `a` and `b`, if `a` comes before `b` in some list, then it cannot come
-// *after* `b` in any list.
-fn validate_precedence_orderings(order_lists: &[Vec<String>]) -> Result<()> {
+/// Check that all of the named precedences used in the grammar are declared
+/// within the `precedences` lists, and also that there are no conflicting
+/// precedence orderings declared in those lists.
+fn validate_named_precedences(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> Result<()> {
+    // For any two precedence names `a` and `b`, if `a` comes before `b`
+    // in some list, then it cannot come *after* `b` in any list.
     let mut pairs = HashMap::new();
-    for list in order_lists {
+    for list in &grammar.precedence_orderings {
         for (i, mut name1) in list.iter().enumerate() {
             for mut name2 in list.iter().skip(i + 1) {
                 if name2 == name1 {
@@ -101,5 +103,128 @@ fn validate_precedence_orderings(order_lists: &[Vec<String>]) -> Result<()> {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    // Check that no rule contains a named precedence that is not present in
+    // any of the `precedences` lists.
+    fn validate(rule_name: &str, rule: &Rule, names: &HashSet<&String>) -> Result<()> {
+        match rule {
+            Rule::Repeat(rule) => validate(rule_name, rule, names),
+            Rule::Seq(elements) | Rule::Choice(elements) => elements
+                .iter()
+                .map(|e| validate(rule_name, e, names))
+                .collect(),
+            Rule::Metadata { rule, params } => {
+                if let Precedence::Name(n) = &params.precedence {
+                    if !names.contains(n) {
+                        return Err(Error::new(format!(
+                            "Undeclared precedence '{}' in rule '{}'",
+                            n, rule_name
+                        )));
+                    }
+                }
+                validate(rule_name, rule, names)?;
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            _ => Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    let precedence_names = grammar
+        .precedence_orderings
+        .iter()
+        .flat_map(|l| l.iter())
+        .collect::<HashSet<&String>>();
+    for variable in &grammar.variables {
+        validate(&variable.name, &variable.rule, &precedence_names)?;
+    }
+
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::generate::grammars::{InputGrammar, Variable, VariableType};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_named_precedences_with_undeclared_precedence() {
+        let grammar = InputGrammar {
+            name: String::new(),
+            word_token: None,
+            extra_symbols: vec![],
+            external_tokens: vec![],
+            supertype_symbols: vec![],
+            expected_conflicts: vec![],
+            variables_to_inline: vec![],
+            precedence_orderings: vec![
+                vec!["a".to_string(), "b".to_string()],
+                vec!["b".to_string(), "c".to_string(), "d".to_string()],
+            ],
+            variables: vec![
+                Variable {
+                    name: "v1".to_string(),
+                    kind: VariableType::Named,
+                    rule: Rule::Seq(vec![
+                        Rule::prec_left(Precedence::Name("b".to_string()), Rule::string("w")),
+                        Rule::prec(Precedence::Name("c".to_string()), Rule::string("x")),
+                    ]),
+                },
+                Variable {
+                    name: "v2".to_string(),
+                    kind: VariableType::Named,
+                    rule: Rule::repeat(Rule::Choice(vec![
+                        Rule::prec_left(Precedence::Name("omg".to_string()), Rule::string("y")),
+                        Rule::prec(Precedence::Name("c".to_string()), Rule::string("z")),
+                    ])),
+                },
+            ],
+        };
+
+        let result = validate_named_precedences(&grammar);
+        assert_eq!(
+            result.unwrap_err().message(),
+            "Undeclared precedence 'omg' in rule 'v2'",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_validate_named_precedences_with_conflicting_order() {
+        let grammar = InputGrammar {
+            name: String::new(),
+            word_token: None,
+            extra_symbols: vec![],
+            external_tokens: vec![],
+            supertype_symbols: vec![],
+            expected_conflicts: vec![],
+            variables_to_inline: vec![],
+            precedence_orderings: vec![
+                vec!["a".to_string(), "b".to_string()],
+                vec!["b".to_string(), "c".to_string(), "a".to_string()],
+            ],
+            variables: vec![
+                Variable {
+                    name: "v1".to_string(),
+                    kind: VariableType::Named,
+                    rule: Rule::Seq(vec![
+                        Rule::prec_left(Precedence::Name("b".to_string()), Rule::string("w")),
+                        Rule::prec(Precedence::Name("c".to_string()), Rule::string("x")),
+                    ]),
+                },
+                Variable {
+                    name: "v2".to_string(),
+                    kind: VariableType::Named,
+                    rule: Rule::repeat(Rule::Choice(vec![
+                        Rule::prec_left(Precedence::Name("a".to_string()), Rule::string("y")),
+                        Rule::prec(Precedence::Name("c".to_string()), Rule::string("z")),
+                    ])),
+                },
+            ],
+        };
+
+        let result = validate_named_precedences(&grammar);
+        assert_eq!(
+            result.unwrap_err().message(),
+            "Conflicting orderings for precedences 'a' and 'b'",
+        );
+    }
+}