wow

.editorconfig

@@ -10,9 +10,6 @@ insert_final_newline = true
 [*.rs]
 indent_size = 4
 
-[*.{zig,zon}]
-indent_size = 4
-
 [Makefile]
 indent_style = tab
 indent_size = 8

.envrc

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-use flake

.gitattributes

@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@
 /lib/src/unicode/*.h linguist-vendored
 /lib/src/unicode/LICENSE linguist-vendored
 
+/cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/*.json -diff
 Cargo.lock -diff

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# These are supported funding model platforms
-
-github: tree-sitter
-patreon: # Replace with a single Patreon username
-open_collective: tree-sitter # Replace with a single Open Collective username
-ko_fi: amaanq
-tidelift: # Replace with a single Tidelift platform-name/package-name e.g., npm/babel
-community_bridge: # Replace with a single Community Bridge project-name e.g., cloud-foundry
-liberapay: # Replace with a single Liberapay username
-issuehunt: # Replace with a single IssueHunt username
-lfx_crowdfunding: # Replace with a single LFX Crowdfunding project-name e.g., cloud-foundry
-polar: # Replace with a single Polar username
-buy_me_a_coffee: # Replace with a single Buy Me a Coffee username
-thanks_dev: # Replace with a single thanks.dev username
-custom: # Replace with up to 4 custom sponsorship URLs e.g., ['link1', 'link2']

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 name: Bug Report
 description: Report a problem
-type: Bug
+labels: [bug]
 body:
   - type: textarea
     attributes:
@@ -13,11 +13,9 @@ body:
     attributes:
       label: "Steps to reproduce"
       placeholder: |
-        ```sh
         git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter-ruby
         cd tree-sitter-ruby
         tree-sitter generate
-        ```
     validations:
       required: true
 

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 name: Feature request
 description: Request an enhancement
-type: Feature
+labels: [enhancement]
 body:
   - type: markdown
     attributes:

.github/actions/cache/action.yml

@@ -1,25 +1,24 @@
-name: Cache
+name: 'Cache'
-
+description: "This action caches fixtures"
-description: This action caches fixtures
-
 outputs:
   cache-hit:
-    description: Cache hit
+    description: 'Cache hit'
-    value: ${{ steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit }}
+    value: ${{ steps.cache_output.outputs.cache-hit }}
-
 runs:
-  using: composite
+  using: "composite"
   steps:
     - uses: actions/cache@v4
-      id: cache
+      id: cache_fixtures
       with:
         path: |
           test/fixtures/grammars
           target/release/tree-sitter-*.wasm
         key: fixtures-${{ join(matrix.*, '_') }}-${{ hashFiles(
-          'crates/generate/src/**',
+          'cli/src/generate/**',
-          'lib/src/parser.h',
+          'script/generate-fixtures*',
-          'lib/src/array.h',
-          'lib/src/alloc.h',
           'test/fixtures/grammars/*/**/src/*.c',
           '.github/actions/cache/action.yml') }}
+
+    - run: echo "cache-hit=${{ steps.cache_fixtures.outputs.cache-hit }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      shell: bash
+      id: cache_output

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ updates:
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
-    cooldown:
-      default-days: 3
     commit-message:
       prefix: "build(deps)"
     labels:
@@ -14,16 +12,10 @@ updates:
     groups:
       cargo:
         patterns: ["*"]
-    ignore:
-      - dependency-name: "*"
-        update-types: ["version-update:semver-major", "version-update:semver-minor"]
-
   - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
-    cooldown:
-      default-days: 3
     commit-message:
       prefix: "ci"
     labels:
@@ -32,22 +24,3 @@ updates:
     groups:
       actions:
         patterns: ["*"]
-
-  - package-ecosystem: "npm"
-    versioning-strategy: increase
-    directories:
-      - "/crates/npm"
-      - "/crates/eslint"
-      - "/lib/binding_web"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"
-    cooldown:
-      default-days: 3
-    commit-message:
-      prefix: "build(deps)"
-    labels:
-      - "dependencies"
-      - "npm"
-    groups:
-      npm:
-        patterns: ["*"]

.github/scripts/close_spam.js

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-module.exports = async ({ github, context }) => {
-  let target = context.payload.issue;
-  if (target) {
-    await github.rest.issues.update({
-      ...context.repo,
-      issue_number: target.number,
-      state: "closed",
-      state_reason: "not_planned",
-      title: "[spam]",
-      body: "",
-      type: null,
-    });
-  } else {
-    target = context.payload.pull_request;
-    await github.rest.pulls.update({
-      ...context.repo,
-      pull_number: target.number,
-      state: "closed",
-      title: "[spam]",
-      body: "",
-    });
-  }
-
-  await github.rest.issues.lock({
-    ...context.repo,
-    issue_number: target.number,
-    lock_reason: "spam",
-  });
-};

.github/scripts/cross.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# set -x
+set -e
+
+if [ "$BUILD_CMD" != "cross" ]; then
+    echo "cross.sh - is a helper to assist only in cross compiling environments" >&2
+    echo "To use this tool set the BUILD_CMD env var to the \"cross\" value" >&2
+    exit 111
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$CROSS_IMAGE" ]; then
+    echo "The CROSS_IMAGE env var should be provided" >&2
+    exit 111
+fi
+
+docker run --rm -v /home/runner:/home/runner -w "$PWD" "$CROSS_IMAGE" "$@"

.github/scripts/make.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# set -x
+set -e
+
+if [ "$BUILD_CMD" == "cross" ]; then
+    if [ -z "$CC" ]; then
+        echo "make.sh: CC is not set" >&2
+        exit 111
+    fi
+    if [ -z "$AR" ]; then
+        echo "make.sh: AR is not set" >&2
+        exit 111
+    fi
+
+    cross.sh make CC=$CC AR=$AR "$@"
+else
+    make "$@"
+fi

.github/scripts/tree-sitter.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# set -x
+set -e
+
+if [ -z "$ROOT" ]; then
+    echo "The ROOT env var should be set to absolute path of a repo root folder" >&2
+    exit 111
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$TARGET" ]; then
+    echo "The TARGET env var should be equal to a \`cargo build --target <TARGET>\` command value" >&2
+    exit 111
+fi
+
+tree_sitter="$ROOT"/target/"$TARGET"/release/tree-sitter
+
+if [ "$BUILD_CMD" == "cross" ]; then
+    if [ -z "$CROSS_RUNNER" ]; then
+        echo "The CROSS_RUNNER env var should be set to a CARGO_TARGET_*_RUNNER env var value" >&2
+        echo "that is available in a docker image used by the cross tool under the hood" >&2
+        exit 111
+    fi
+
+    cross.sh $CROSS_RUNNER "$tree_sitter" "$@"
+else
+    "$tree_sitter" "$@"
+fi

.github/scripts/wasm_stdlib.js

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-module.exports = async ({ github, context, core }) => {
-  if (context.eventName !== 'pull_request') return;
-
-  const prNumber = context.payload.pull_request.number;
-  const owner = context.repo.owner;
-  const repo = context.repo.repo;
-
-  const { data: files } = await github.rest.pulls.listFiles({
-    owner,
-    repo,
-    pull_number: prNumber
-  });
-
-  const changedFiles = files.map(file => file.filename);
-
-  const wasmStdLibSrc = 'crates/language/wasm/';
-  const dirChanged = changedFiles.some(file => file.startsWith(wasmStdLibSrc));
-
-  if (!dirChanged) return;
-
-  const wasmStdLibHeader = 'lib/src/wasm/wasm-stdlib.h';
-  const requiredChanged = changedFiles.includes(wasmStdLibHeader);
-
-  if (!requiredChanged) core.setFailed(`Changes detected in ${wasmStdLibSrc} but ${wasmStdLibHeader} was not modified.`);
-};

.github/workflows/backport.yml

@@ -1,30 +1,27 @@
-name: Backport Pull Request
+name: backport
-
 on:
   pull_request_target:
     types: [closed, labeled]
-
-permissions:
-  contents: write
-  pull-requests: write
-
 jobs:
   backport:
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    name: Backport Pull Request
     if: github.event.pull_request.merged
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-      - name: Create app token
+      - uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v1
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@v2
         id: app-token
         with:
           app-id: ${{ vars.BACKPORT_APP }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.BACKPORT_KEY }}
 
       - name: Create backport PR
-        uses: korthout/backport-action@v4
+        id: backport
+        uses: korthout/backport-action@v3
         with:
           pull_title: "${pull_title}"
           label_pattern: "^ci:backport ([^ ]+)$"

.github/workflows/bindgen.yml

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-name: Check Bindgen Output
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - lib/include/tree_sitter/api.h
-      - lib/binding_rust/bindings.rs
-  push:
-    branches: [master]
-    paths:
-      - lib/include/tree_sitter/api.h
-      - lib/binding_rust/bindings.rs
-
-jobs:
-  check-bindgen:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: Set up stable Rust toolchain
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          toolchain: stable
-
-      - name: Generate bindings
-        run: cargo xtask generate-bindings
-
-      - name: Check if the bindgen output changed
-        run: git diff --exit-code lib/binding_rust/bindings.rs

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 name: Build & Test
 
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+  RUSTFLAGS: "-D warnings"
+  CROSS_DEBUG: 1
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
-      run-test:
+      run_test:
         default: true
         type: boolean
 
@@ -16,296 +21,168 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         platform:
-          - linux-arm64
+        - linux-arm64       #
-          - linux-arm
+        - linux-arm         #
-          - linux-x64
+        - linux-x64         #
-          - linux-x86
+        - linux-x86         #
-          - linux-powerpc64
+        - linux-powerpc64   #
-          - windows-arm64
+        - windows-arm64     #
-          - windows-x64
+        - windows-x64       # <-- No C library build - requires an additional adapted Makefile for `cl.exe` compiler
-          - windows-x86
+        - windows-x86       #     -- // --
-          - macos-arm64
+        - macos-arm64       #
-          - macos-x64
+        - macos-x64         #
-          - wasm32
 
         include:
-          # When adding a new `target`:
+        # When adding a new `target`:
-          # 1. Define a new platform alias above
+        # 1. Define a new platform alias above
-          # 2. Add a new record to the matrix map in `crates/cli/npm/install.js`
+        # 2. Add a new record to a matrix map in `cli/npm/install.js`
-          - { platform: linux-arm64     , target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu     , os: ubuntu-24.04-arm }
+        - { platform: linux-arm64       , target: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu           , os: ubuntu-latest  , use-cross: true    }
-          - { platform: linux-arm       , target: armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf , os: ubuntu-24.04-arm }
+        - { platform: linux-arm         , target: arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi           , os: ubuntu-latest  , use-cross: true    }
-          - { platform: linux-x64       , target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu      , os: ubuntu-24.04     }
+        - { platform: linux-x64         , target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu            , os: ubuntu-20.04   , cli_features: wasm } #2272
-          - { platform: linux-x86       , target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu        , os: ubuntu-24.04     }
+        - { platform: linux-x86         , target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu              , os: ubuntu-latest  , use-cross: true    }
-          - { platform: linux-powerpc64 , target: powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu   , os: ubuntu-24.04     }
+        - { platform: linux-powerpc64   , target: powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu         , os: ubuntu-latest  , use-cross: true    }
-          - { platform: windows-arm64   , target: aarch64-pc-windows-msvc       , os: windows-11-arm   }
+        - { platform: windows-arm64     , target: aarch64-pc-windows-msvc             , os: windows-latest                      }
-          - { platform: windows-x64     , target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc        , os: windows-2025     }
+        - { platform: windows-x64       , target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc              , os: windows-latest , cli_features: wasm }
-          - { platform: windows-x86     , target: i686-pc-windows-msvc          , os: windows-2025     }
+        - { platform: windows-x86       , target: i686-pc-windows-msvc                , os: windows-latest                      }
-          - { platform: macos-arm64     , target: aarch64-apple-darwin          , os: macos-15         }
+        - { platform: macos-arm64       , target: aarch64-apple-darwin                , os: macos-14       , cli_features: wasm }
-          - { platform: macos-x64       , target: x86_64-apple-darwin           , os: macos-15-intel   }
+        - { platform: macos-x64         , target: x86_64-apple-darwin                 , os: macos-12       , cli_features: wasm }
-          - { platform: wasm32          , target: wasm32-unknown-unknown        , os: ubuntu-24.04     }
 
-          # Extra features
+        # Cross compilers for C library
-          - { platform: linux-arm64     , features: wasm }
+        - { platform: linux-arm64       , cc: aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc             , ar: aarch64-linux-gnu-ar           }
-          - { platform: linux-x64       , features: wasm }
+        - { platform: linux-arm         , cc: arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc             , ar: arm-linux-gnueabi-ar           }
-          - { platform: macos-arm64     , features: wasm }
+        - { platform: linux-x86         , cc: i686-linux-gnu-gcc                , ar: i686-linux-gnu-ar              }
-          - { platform: macos-x64       , features: wasm }
+        - { platform: linux-powerpc64   , cc: powerpc64-linux-gnu-gcc           , ar: powerpc64-linux-gnu-ar         }
 
-          # Cross-compilation
+        # See #2041 tree-sitter issue
-          - { platform: linux-arm       , cross: true }
+        - { platform: windows-x64   , rust-test-threads: 1 }
-          - { platform: linux-x86       , cross: true }
+        - { platform: windows-x86   , rust-test-threads: 1 }
-          - { platform: linux-powerpc64 , cross: true }
 
-          # Compile-only
+        # CLI only build
-          - { platform: wasm32          , no-run: true }
+        - { platform: windows-arm64 , cli-only: true }
 
     env:
-      CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+      BUILD_CMD: cargo
-      RUSTFLAGS: -D warnings
+      EXE: ${{ contains(matrix.target, 'windows') && '.exe' || '' }}
 
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
 
     steps:
-    - name: Checkout repository
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-    - name: Set up cross-compilation
+    - name: Read Emscripten version
-      if: matrix.cross
+      run: echo "EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION=$(cat cli/loader/emscripten-version)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      run: |
-        for target in armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf i686-unknown-linux-gnu powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu; do
-          camel_target=${target//-/_}; target_cc=${target/-unknown/}
-          printf 'CC_%s=%s\n' "$camel_target" "${target_cc/v7/}-gcc"
-          printf 'AR_%s=%s\n' "$camel_target" "${target_cc/v7/}-ar"
-          printf 'CARGO_TARGET_%s_LINKER=%s\n' "${camel_target^^}" "${target_cc/v7/}-gcc"
-        done >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        {
-          printf 'CARGO_TARGET_ARMV7_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNUEABIHF_RUNNER=qemu-arm -L /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf\n'
-          printf 'CARGO_TARGET_POWERPC64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_RUNNER=qemu-ppc64 -L /usr/powerpc64-linux-gnu\n'
-        } >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-    - name: Get emscripten version
-      if: contains(matrix.features, 'wasm')
-      run: printf 'EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION=%s\n' "$(<crates/loader/emscripten-version)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
     - name: Install Emscripten
-      if: contains(matrix.features, 'wasm')
+      if: ${{ !matrix.cli-only && !matrix.use-cross }}
       uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@v14
       with:
         version: ${{ env.EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION }}
 
-    - name: Set up Rust
+    - run: rustup toolchain install stable --profile minimal
-      uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+    - run: rustup target add ${{ matrix.target }}
+    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+
+    - name: Install cross
+      if: ${{ matrix.use-cross }}
+      uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
       with:
-        target: ${{ matrix.target }}
+        tool: cross
 
-    - name: Install cross-compilation toolchain
+    - name: Build custom cross image
-      if: matrix.cross
+      if: ${{ matrix.use-cross && matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' }}
       run: |
-        sudo apt-get update -qy
+        target="${{ matrix.target }}"
-        if [[ $PLATFORM == linux-arm ]]; then
+        image=ghcr.io/cross-rs/$target:custom
-          sudo apt-get install -qy {binutils,gcc}-arm-linux-gnueabihf qemu-user
+        echo "CROSS_IMAGE=$image"                              >> $GITHUB_ENV
-        elif [[ $PLATFORM == linux-x86 ]]; then
+
-          sudo apt-get install -qy {binutils,gcc}-i686-linux-gnu
+        echo "[target.$target]"                                >> Cross.toml
-        elif [[ $PLATFORM == linux-powerpc64 ]]; then
+        echo "image = \"$image\""                              >> Cross.toml
-          sudo apt-get install -qy {binutils,gcc}-powerpc64-linux-gnu qemu-user
+        echo "CROSS_CONFIG=$PWD/Cross.toml"                    >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+        echo "FROM ghcr.io/cross-rs/$target:edge"                            >> Dockerfile
+        echo "RUN curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | bash -" >> Dockerfile
+        echo "RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y install nodejs"               >> Dockerfile
+        docker build -t $image .
+
+    - name: Setup env extras
+      env:
+        RUST_TEST_THREADS: ${{ matrix.rust-test-threads }}
+        USE_CROSS: ${{ matrix.use-cross }}
+        TARGET: ${{ matrix.target }}
+        CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+        AR: ${{ matrix.ar }}
+      run: |
+        PATH="$PWD/.github/scripts:$PATH"
+        echo "$PWD/.github/scripts" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+
+        echo "TREE_SITTER=tree-sitter.sh" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "TARGET=$TARGET" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        echo "ROOT=$PWD" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+        [ -n "$RUST_TEST_THREADS" ] && \
+        echo "RUST_TEST_THREADS=$RUST_TEST_THREADS" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+        [ -n "$CC" ] && echo "CC=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+        [ -n "$AR" ] && echo "AR=$AR" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+        if [ "$USE_CROSS" == "true" ]; then
+          echo "BUILD_CMD=cross" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          runner=$(BUILD_CMD=cross cross.sh bash -c "env | sed -nr '/^CARGO_TARGET_.*_RUNNER=/s///p'")
+          [ -n "$runner" ] && echo "CROSS_RUNNER=$runner" >> $GITHUB_ENV
         fi
-      env:
-        PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.platform }}
 
-    - name: Install MinGW and Clang (Windows x64 MSYS2)
+    - name: Build C library
-      if: matrix.platform == 'windows-x64'
+      if: ${{ !contains(matrix.os, 'windows') }} # Requires an additional adapted Makefile for `cl.exe` compiler
-      uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
+      run: make.sh -j CFLAGS="-Werror"
-      with:
-        update: true
-        install: |
-          mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain
-          mingw-w64-x86_64-clang
-          mingw-w64-x86_64-make
-          mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake
 
-    # TODO: Remove RUSTFLAGS="--cap-lints allow" once we use a wasmtime release that addresses
+    - name: Build wasm library
-    # the `mismatched-lifetime-syntaxes` lint
+      if: ${{ !matrix.cli-only && !matrix.use-cross }} # No sense to build on the same Github runner hosts many times
-    - name: Build wasmtime library (Windows x64 MSYS2)
+      run: script/build-wasm
-      if: contains(matrix.features, 'wasm') && matrix.platform == 'windows-x64'
-      run: |
-        mkdir -p target
-        WASMTIME_VERSION=$(cargo metadata --format-version=1 --locked --features wasm | \
-                           jq -r '.packages[] | select(.name == "wasmtime-c-api-impl") | .version')
-        curl -LSs "$WASMTIME_REPO/archive/refs/tags/v${WASMTIME_VERSION}.tar.gz" | tar xzf - -C target
-        cd target/wasmtime-${WASMTIME_VERSION}
-        cmake -S crates/c-api -B target/c-api \
-          -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$PWD/artifacts" \
-          -DWASMTIME_DISABLE_ALL_FEATURES=ON \
-          -DWASMTIME_FEATURE_CRANELIFT=ON \
-          -DWASMTIME_TARGET='x86_64-pc-windows-gnu'
-        cmake --build target/c-api && cmake --install target/c-api
-        printf 'CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=%s\n' "$PWD/artifacts" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      env:
-        WASMTIME_REPO: https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime
-        RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} --cap-lints allow
 
-    - name: Build C library (Windows x64 MSYS2 CMake)
+    - run: $BUILD_CMD build --release --target=${{ matrix.target }} --features=${{ matrix.cli_features }}
-      if: matrix.platform == 'windows-x64'
-      shell: msys2 {0}
-      run: |
-        cmake -G Ninja -S . -B build/static \
-          -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF \
-          -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
-          -DCMAKE_COMPILE_WARNING_AS_ERROR=ON \
-          -DTREE_SITTER_FEATURE_WASM=$WASM \
-          -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang
-        cmake --build build/static
 
-        cmake -G Ninja -S . -B build/shared \
+    - run: script/fetch-fixtures
-          -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
-          -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
-          -DCMAKE_COMPILE_WARNING_AS_ERROR=ON \
-          -DTREE_SITTER_FEATURE_WASM=$WASM \
-          -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang
-        cmake --build build/shared
-        rm -rf \
-          build/{static,shared} \
-          "${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH}/artifacts" \
-          target/wasmtime-${WASMTIME_VERSION}
-      env:
-        WASM: ${{ contains(matrix.features, 'wasm') && 'ON' || 'OFF' }}
 
-    # TODO: Remove RUSTFLAGS="--cap-lints allow" once we use a wasmtime release that addresses
+    - uses: ./.github/actions/cache
-    # the `mismatched-lifetime-syntaxes` lint
-    - name: Build wasmtime library
-      if: contains(matrix.features, 'wasm')
-      run: |
-        mkdir -p target
-        WASMTIME_VERSION=$(cargo metadata --format-version=1 --locked --features wasm | \
-                           jq -r '.packages[] | select(.name == "wasmtime-c-api-impl") | .version')
-        curl -LSs "$WASMTIME_REPO/archive/refs/tags/v${WASMTIME_VERSION}.tar.gz" | tar xzf - -C target
-        cd target/wasmtime-${WASMTIME_VERSION}
-        cmake -S crates/c-api -B target/c-api \
-          -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$PWD/artifacts" \
-          -DWASMTIME_DISABLE_ALL_FEATURES=ON \
-          -DWASMTIME_FEATURE_CRANELIFT=ON \
-          -DWASMTIME_TARGET='${{ matrix.target }}'
-        cmake --build target/c-api && cmake --install target/c-api
-        printf 'CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=%s\n' "$PWD/artifacts" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      env:
-        WASMTIME_REPO: https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime
-        RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} --cap-lints allow
-
-    - name: Build C library (make)
-      if: runner.os != 'Windows'
-      run: |
-        if [[ $PLATFORM == linux-arm ]]; then
-          CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc; AR=arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar
-        elif [[ $PLATFORM == linux-x86 ]]; then
-          CC=i686-linux-gnu-gcc; AR=i686-linux-gnu-ar
-        elif [[ $PLATFORM == linux-powerpc64 ]]; then
-          CC=powerpc64-linux-gnu-gcc; AR=powerpc64-linux-gnu-ar
-        else
-          CC=gcc; AR=ar
-        fi
-        make -j CFLAGS="$CFLAGS" CC=$CC AR=$AR
-      env:
-        PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.platform }}
-        CFLAGS: -g -Werror -Wall -Wextra -Wshadow -Wpedantic -Werror=incompatible-pointer-types
-
-    - name: Build C library (CMake)
-      if: "!matrix.cross"
-      run: |
-        cmake -S . -B build/static \
-          -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF \
-          -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
-          -DCMAKE_COMPILE_WARNING_AS_ERROR=ON \
-          -DTREE_SITTER_FEATURE_WASM=$WASM
-        cmake --build build/static --verbose
-
-        cmake -S . -B build/shared \
-          -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
-          -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
-          -DCMAKE_COMPILE_WARNING_AS_ERROR=ON \
-          -DTREE_SITTER_FEATURE_WASM=$WASM
-        cmake --build build/shared --verbose
-      env:
-        CC: ${{ contains(matrix.platform, 'linux') && 'clang' || '' }}
-        WASM: ${{ contains(matrix.features, 'wasm') && 'ON' || 'OFF' }}
-
-    - name: Build Wasm library
-      if: contains(matrix.features, 'wasm')
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        cd lib/binding_web
-        npm ci
-        CJS=true npm run build
-        CJS=true npm run build:debug
-        npm run build
-        npm run build:debug
-
-    - name: Check no_std builds
-      if: inputs.run-test && !matrix.no-run
-      working-directory: lib
-      shell: bash
-      run: cargo check --no-default-features --target='${{ matrix.target }}'
-
-    - name: Build target
-      run: cargo build --release --target='${{ matrix.target }}' --features='${{ matrix.features }}' $PACKAGE
-      env:
-        PACKAGE: ${{ matrix.platform == 'wasm32' && '-p tree-sitter' || '' }}
-
-    - name: Cache fixtures
       id: cache
-      if: inputs.run-test && !matrix.no-run
-      uses: ./.github/actions/cache
-
-    - name: Fetch fixtures
-      if: inputs.run-test && !matrix.no-run
-      run: cargo run -p xtask --target='${{ matrix.target }}' -- fetch-fixtures
 
     - name: Generate fixtures
-      if: inputs.run-test && !matrix.no-run && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      if: ${{ !matrix.cli-only && inputs.run_test && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }} # Can't natively run CLI on Github runner's host
-      run: cargo run -p xtask --target='${{ matrix.target }}' -- generate-fixtures
+      run: script/generate-fixtures
 
-    - name: Generate Wasm fixtures
+    - name: Generate WASM fixtures
-      if: inputs.run-test && !matrix.no-run && contains(matrix.features, 'wasm') && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      if: ${{ !matrix.cli-only && !matrix.use-cross && inputs.run_test && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }} # See comment for the "Build wasm library" step
-      run: cargo run -p xtask --target='${{ matrix.target }}' -- generate-fixtures --wasm
+      run: script/generate-fixtures-wasm
 
     - name: Run main tests
-      if: inputs.run-test && !matrix.no-run
+      if: ${{ !matrix.cli-only && inputs.run_test }} # Can't natively run CLI on Github runner's host
-      run: cargo test --target='${{ matrix.target }}' --features='${{ matrix.features }}'
+      run: $BUILD_CMD test --target=${{ matrix.target }} --features=${{ matrix.cli_features }}
 
-    - name: Run Wasm tests
+    - name: Run wasm tests
-      if: inputs.run-test && !matrix.no-run && contains(matrix.features, 'wasm')
+      if: ${{ !matrix.cli-only && !matrix.use-cross && inputs.run_test }} # See comment for the "Build wasm library" step
-      run: cargo run -p xtask --target='${{ matrix.target }}' -- test-wasm
+      run: script/test-wasm
+
+    - name: Run benchmarks
+      if: ${{ !matrix.cli-only && !matrix.use-cross && inputs.run_test }} # Cross-compiled benchmarks make no sense
+      run: $BUILD_CMD bench benchmark -p tree-sitter-cli --target=${{ matrix.target }}
 
     - name: Upload CLI artifact
-      if: "!matrix.no-run"
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
       with:
         name: tree-sitter.${{ matrix.platform }}
-        path: target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/tree-sitter${{ contains(matrix.target, 'windows') && '.exe' || '' }}
+        path: target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/tree-sitter${{ env.EXE }}
         if-no-files-found: error
         retention-days: 7
 
-    - name: Upload Wasm artifacts
+    - name: Upload WASM artifacts
-      if: matrix.platform == 'linux-x64'
+      if: ${{ matrix.platform == 'linux-x64' }}
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: tree-sitter.wasm
         path: |
-          lib/binding_web/web-tree-sitter.js
+          lib/binding_web/tree-sitter.js
-          lib/binding_web/web-tree-sitter.js.map
+          lib/binding_web/tree-sitter.wasm
-          lib/binding_web/web-tree-sitter.cjs
-          lib/binding_web/web-tree-sitter.cjs.map
-          lib/binding_web/web-tree-sitter.wasm
-          lib/binding_web/web-tree-sitter.wasm.map
-          lib/binding_web/debug/web-tree-sitter.cjs
-          lib/binding_web/debug/web-tree-sitter.cjs.map
-          lib/binding_web/debug/web-tree-sitter.js
-          lib/binding_web/debug/web-tree-sitter.js.map
-          lib/binding_web/debug/web-tree-sitter.wasm
-          lib/binding_web/debug/web-tree-sitter.wasm.map
-          lib/binding_web/lib/*.c
-          lib/binding_web/lib/*.h
-          lib/binding_web/lib/*.ts
-          lib/binding_web/src/*.ts
         if-no-files-found: error
         retention-days: 7

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -1,21 +1,9 @@
 name: CI
-
 on:
   pull_request:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - docs/**
-      - "**/README.md"
-      - CONTRIBUTING.md
-      - LICENSE
-      - cli/src/templates
   push:
-    branches: [master]
+    branches:
-    paths-ignore:
+      - 'master'
-      - docs/**
-      - "**/README.md"
-      - CONTRIBUTING.md
-      - LICENSE
-      - cli/src/templates
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
@@ -25,25 +13,15 @@ jobs:
   checks:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+    - run: rustup toolchain install stable --profile minimal
-
+    - run: rustup toolchain install nightly --profile minimal
-      - name: Set up stable Rust toolchain
+    - run: rustup component add --toolchain nightly rustfmt
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
-        with:
+    - run: make lint
-          toolchain: stable
-          components: clippy, rustfmt
-
-      - name: Lint files
-        run: |
-          make lint
-          make lint-web
 
   sanitize:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/sanitize.yml
 
   build:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build.yml
-
-  check-wasm-stdlib:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/wasm_stdlib.yml

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-name: Deploy Docs
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [master]
-    paths: [docs/**]
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  deploy-docs:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-      pages: write
-      id-token: write
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: Set up Rust
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
-
-      - name: Install mdbook
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-        run: |
-          jq_expr='.assets[] | select(.name | contains("x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu")) | .browser_download_url'
-          url=$(gh api repos/rust-lang/mdbook/releases/tags/v0.4.52 --jq "$jq_expr")
-          mkdir mdbook
-          curl -sSL "$url" | tar -xz -C mdbook
-          printf '%s/mdbook\n' "$PWD" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
-
-      - name: Install mdbook-admonish
-        run: cargo install mdbook-admonish
-
-      - name: Build Book
-        run: mdbook build docs
-
-      - name: Setup Pages
-        uses: actions/configure-pages@v5
-
-      - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: docs/book
-
-      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
-        id: deployment
-        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4

.github/workflows/nvim_ts.yml

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-name: nvim-treesitter parser tests
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - 'crates/cli/**'
-      - 'crates/config/**'
-      - 'crates/generate/**'
-      - 'crates/loader/**'
-      - '.github/workflows/nvim_ts.yml'
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  check_compilation:
-    timeout-minutes: 30
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
-        type: [generate, build]
-    name: ${{ matrix.os }} - ${{ matrix.type }}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    env:
-      NVIM: ${{ matrix.os == 'windows-latest' && 'nvim-win64\\bin\\nvim.exe' || 'nvim' }}
-      NVIM_TS_DIR: nvim-treesitter
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-        with:
-          repository: nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter
-          path: ${{ env.NVIM_TS_DIR }}
-          ref: main
-
-      - if: runner.os != 'Windows'
-        run: echo ${{ github.workspace }}/target/release >> $GITHUB_PATH
-
-      - if: runner.os == 'Windows'
-        run: echo ${{ github.workspace }}/target/release >> $env:GITHUB_PATH
-
-      - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
-      - run: cargo build --release
-      - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
-
-      - name: Install and prepare Neovim
-        run: bash ./scripts/ci-install.sh
-        working-directory: ${{ env.NVIM_TS_DIR }}
-
-      - if: matrix.type == 'generate'
-        name: Generate and compile parsers
-        run: $NVIM -l ./scripts/install-parsers.lua --generate --max-jobs=2
-        working-directory: ${{ env.NVIM_TS_DIR }}
-        shell: bash
-
-      - if: matrix.type == 'build'
-        name: Compile parsers
-        run: $NVIM -l ./scripts/install-parsers.lua --max-jobs=10
-        working-directory: ${{ env.NVIM_TS_DIR }}
-        shell: bash
-
-      - if: "!cancelled()"
-        name: Check query files
-        run: $NVIM -l ./scripts/check-queries.lua
-        working-directory: ${{ env.NVIM_TS_DIR }}
-        shell: bash

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 name: Release
-
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
@@ -10,22 +9,19 @@ jobs:
   build:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build.yml
     with:
-      run-test: false
+      run_test: false
 
   release:
-    name: Release on GitHub
+    name: Release
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: build
     permissions:
-      id-token: write
-      attestations: write
       contents: write
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Download build artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           path: artifacts
 
@@ -35,13 +31,9 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Prepare release artifacts
         run: |
-          mkdir -p target web
+          mkdir -p target
-          mv artifacts/tree-sitter.wasm/* web/
+          mv artifacts/tree-sitter.wasm/* target/
-
-          tar -czf target/web-tree-sitter.tar.gz -C web .
-
           rm -r artifacts/tree-sitter.wasm
-
           for platform in $(cd artifacts; ls | sed 's/^tree-sitter\.//'); do
             exe=$(ls artifacts/tree-sitter.$platform/tree-sitter*)
             gzip --stdout --name $exe > target/tree-sitter-$platform.gz
@@ -49,81 +41,60 @@ jobs:
           rm -rf artifacts
           ls -l target/
 
-      - name: Generate attestations
-        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v3
-        with:
-          subject-path: |
-            target/tree-sitter-*.gz
-            target/web-tree-sitter.tar.gz
-
       - name: Create release
-        run: |-
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
-          gh release create $GITHUB_REF_NAME \
+        with:
-            target/tree-sitter-*.gz \
+          name: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-            target/web-tree-sitter.tar.gz
+          tag_name: ${{ github.ref_name }}
-        env:
+          fail_on_unmatched_files: true
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          files: |
+            target/tree-sitter-*.gz
+            target/tree-sitter.wasm
+            target/tree-sitter.js
 
   crates_io:
-    name: Publish packages to Crates.io
+    name: Publish CLI to Crates.io
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: crates
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-      contents: read
     needs: release
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-      - name: Set up Rust
+      - name: Setup Rust
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+        uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
-
+        with:
-      - name: Set up registry token
+          profile: minimal
-        id: auth
+          toolchain: stable
-        uses: rust-lang/crates-io-auth-action@v1
+          override: true
 
       - name: Publish crates to Crates.io
         uses: katyo/publish-crates@v2
         with:
-          registry-token: ${{ steps.auth.outputs.token }}
+          registry-token: ${{ secrets.CARGO_REGISTRY_TOKEN }}
 
   npm:
-    name: Publish packages to npmjs.com
+    name: Publish lib to npmjs.com
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: npm
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-      contents: read
     needs: release
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        directory: [crates/cli/npm, lib/binding_web]
+        directory: ["cli/npm", "lib/binding_web"]
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: Set up Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
-        with:
-          node-version: 24
-          registry-url: https://registry.npmjs.org
-
-      - name: Set up Rust
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
 
       - name: Build wasm
         if: matrix.directory == 'lib/binding_web'
+        run: ./script/build-wasm
+
+      - name: Setup Node
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 18
+          registry-url: "https://registry.npmjs.org"
+
+      - name: Publish lib to npmjs.com
+        env:
+          NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{secrets.NPM_TOKEN}}
         run: |
           cd ${{ matrix.directory }}
-          npm ci
+          npm publish
-          npm run build
-          npm run build:debug
-          CJS=true npm run build
-          CJS=true npm run build:debug
-          npm run build:dts
-
-      - name: Publish to npmjs.com
-        working-directory: ${{ matrix.directory }}
-        run: npm publish

.github/workflows/response.yml

@@ -1,47 +1,34 @@
-name: No response
+name: no_response
-
 on:
   schedule:
-    - cron: "30 1 * * *" # Run every day at 01:30
+    - cron: '30 1 * * *' # Run every day at 01:30
   workflow_dispatch:
   issue_comment:
 
-permissions:
-  issues: write
-  pull-requests: write
-
 jobs:
   close:
-    name: Close issues with no response
     if: github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout script
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/github-script@v7
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout: .github/scripts/close_unresponsive.js
-          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
-
-      - name: Run script
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
         with:
           script: |
             const script = require('./.github/scripts/close_unresponsive.js')
             await script({github, context})
 
   remove_label:
-    name: Remove response label
     if: github.event_name == 'issue_comment'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout script
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/github-script@v7
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout: .github/scripts/remove_response_label.js
-          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
-
-      - name: Run script
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
         with:
           script: |
             const script = require('./.github/scripts/remove_response_label.js')

.github/workflows/reviewers_remove.yml

@@ -1,24 +1,16 @@
-name: Remove Reviewers
+name: "reviewers: remove"
-
 on:
   pull_request_target:
     types: [converted_to_draft, closed]
-
-permissions:
-  pull-requests: write
-
 jobs:
   remove-reviewers:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      pull-requests: write
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout script
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - name: 'Remove reviewers'
-        with:
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
-          sparse-checkout: .github/scripts/reviewers_remove.js
-          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
-
-      - name: Run script
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
         with:
           script: |
             const script = require('./.github/scripts/reviewers_remove.js')

.github/workflows/sanitize.yml

@@ -8,44 +8,39 @@ on:
   workflow_call:
 
 jobs:
-  check-undefined-behaviour:
+  check_undefined_behaviour:
+    name: Sanitizer checks
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 20
     env:
       TREE_SITTER: ${{ github.workspace }}/target/release/tree-sitter
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
+    - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - name: Install UBSAN library
+    - name: Install UBSAN library
-        run: sudo apt-get update -y && sudo apt-get install -y libubsan1
+      run: sudo apt-get update -y && sudo apt-get install -y libubsan1
 
-      - name: Set up Rust
+    - run: rustup toolchain install stable --profile minimal
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+    - run: cargo build --release
+    - run: script/fetch-fixtures
 
-      - name: Build project
+    - uses: ./.github/actions/cache
-        run: cargo build --release
+      id: cache
 
-      - name: Cache fixtures
+    - if: ${{ steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
-        uses: ./.github/actions/cache
+      run: script/generate-fixtures
-        id: cache
 
-      - name: Fetch fixtures
+    - name: Run main tests with undefined behaviour sanitizer (UBSAN)
-        run: cargo xtask fetch-fixtures
+      env:
+        CFLAGS: -fsanitize=undefined
+        RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} -lubsan
+      run: cargo test -- --test-threads 1
 
-      - name: Generate fixtures
+    - name: Run main tests with address sanitizer (ASAN)
-        if: ${{ steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
+      env:
-        run: cargo xtask generate-fixtures
+        ASAN_OPTIONS: verify_asan_link_order=0
-
+        CFLAGS: -fsanitize=address
-      - name: Run main tests with undefined behaviour sanitizer (UBSAN)
+        RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} -lasan --cfg sanitizing
-        run: cargo test -- --test-threads 1
+      run: cargo test -- --test-threads 1
-        env:
-          CFLAGS: -fsanitize=undefined
-          RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} -lubsan
-
-      - name: Run main tests with address sanitizer (ASAN)
-        run: cargo test -- --test-threads 1
-        env:
-          ASAN_OPTIONS: verify_asan_link_order=0
-          CFLAGS: -fsanitize=address
-          RUSTFLAGS: ${{ env.RUSTFLAGS }} -lasan --cfg sanitizing

.github/workflows/spam.yml

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-name: Close as spam
-
-on:
-  issues:
-    types: [labeled]
-  pull_request_target:
-    types: [labeled]
-
-permissions:
-  issues: write
-  pull-requests: write
-
-jobs:
-  spam:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event.label.name == 'spam'
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout script
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout: .github/scripts/close_spam.js
-          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
-
-      - name: Run script
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const script = require('./.github/scripts/close_spam.js')
-            await script({github, context})

.github/workflows/wasm_exports.yml

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-name: Check Wasm Exports
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - lib/include/tree_sitter/api.h
-      - lib/binding_web/**
-      - xtask/src/**
-  push:
-    branches: [master]
-    paths:
-      - lib/include/tree_sitter/api.h
-      - lib/binding_rust/bindings.rs
-      - CMakeLists.txt
-
-jobs:
-  check-wasm-exports:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: Set up stable Rust toolchain
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
-        with:
-          toolchain: stable
-
-      - name: Install wasm-objdump
-        run: sudo apt-get update -y && sudo apt-get install -y wabt
-
-      - name: Build C library (make)
-        run: make -j CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
-        env:
-          CFLAGS: -g -Werror -Wall -Wextra -Wshadow -Wpedantic -Werror=incompatible-pointer-types
-
-      - name: Build Wasm Library
-        working-directory: lib/binding_web
-        run: npm ci && npm run build:debug
-
-      - name: Check Wasm exports
-        run: cargo xtask check-wasm-exports

.github/workflows/wasm_stdlib.yml

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-name: Check Wasm Stdlib build
-
-on:
-  workflow_call:
-
-jobs:
-  check:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: Check directory changes
-        uses: actions/github-script@v8
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const scriptPath = `${process.env.GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/.github/scripts/wasm_stdlib.js`;
-            const script = require(scriptPath);
-            return script({ github, context, core });

.gitignore

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 log*.html
-.direnv
 
 .idea
 *.xcodeproj
 .vscode
 .cache
 .zig-cache
-.direnv
 
 profile*
 fuzz-results
@@ -14,6 +12,7 @@ test/fuzz/out
 test/fixtures/grammars/*
 !test/fixtures/grammars/.gitkeep
 
+package-lock.json
 node_modules
 
 docs/assets/js/tree-sitter.js
@@ -26,7 +25,6 @@ docs/assets/js/tree-sitter.js
 *.dylib
 *.so
 *.so.[0-9]*
-*.dll
 *.o
 *.obj
 *.exp
@@ -36,5 +34,3 @@ docs/assets/js/tree-sitter.js
 .build
 build
 zig-*
-
-/result

.zed/settings.json

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "lsp": {
-    "rust-analyzer": {
-      "initialization_options": {
-        "cargo": {
-          "features": "all"
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+# Changelog
+
+## [0.23.0] - 2024-08-26
+
+### Breaking
+
+- Introduce tree-sitter-language crate for grammar crates to depend on (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3069>)
+- Revert interning of a sequence or choice of a single rule (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3548>)
+- **bindings**: Use capsules in python (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3384>)
+- **dsl**: Support other JS runtimes (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3355>)
+
+### Features
+
+- Add `fuzz` subcommand (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3385>)
+- Allow external scanners to use the logger (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3204>)
+- **bindings**: Add query constants to python
+- **bindings**: Add node, python, swift tests (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3178>)
+- **bindings**: Update npm scripts (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3210>)
+- **cli**: Bump unicode data to v15.1.0
+- **cli**: Add debug build flag (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3279>)
+- **cli**: Attach helpful context when `grammar.json` cannot be found (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3405>)
+- **cli**: Add `--show-fields` flag to `test` command (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3502>)
+- **lib**: Add `ts_query_end_byte_for_pattern` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3451>)
+- **lib**: Support no_std
+- **zig**: Update outdated path syntax (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3383>)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Always reset to the first language when iterating over language attributes (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3375>)
+- Better error when a supertype rule is invalid (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3400>)
+- Intern a sequence or choice of a single element the same as the element itself
+- Do not "absorb" rules that consist of a single terminal if the rule is hidden (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2577>)
+- **bindings**: Update go bindings (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3544>)
+- **cli**: Installation via authenticated proxy (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3414>)
+- **cli**: Dedup `preceding_auxiliary_symbols` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3550>)
+- **dsl**: Improve error message when a rule function returns undefined (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3452>)
+- **generate**: Rename `cargo.toml` template (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3532>)
+- **go**: Update parser name in binding files, add to docs (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3547>)
+- **lib**: A null clock must have `tv_nsec` be 0 as well (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3372>)
+- **lib**: Restrict pattern_map optimization when a wildcard step has an immediate first child (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3440>)
+- **lib**: An empty root node should not precede an empty range (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3450>)
+- **lib**: Fix api header C++ interop (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3534>)
+- **make**: Fail properly on Windows (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3418>)
+- **rust**: Fetch `CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR` at runtime in build script (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3352>)
+- **rust**: Fix new clippy warnings (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3491>)
+- **test**: Multi-grammar corpus tests are now in the repo root (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3342>)
+- **wasm**: Update test
+
+### Performance
+
+- Hoist out common subexpressions in satisfies_text_predicates (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3397>)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Update changelog
+- Remove duplicate pr # in changelog
+- Add note for bullet
+- Fix syntax highlighting unit testing example (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3434>)
+- Add tsserver annotation to example (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3460>)
+- Fix tree cursor documentation (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3324>)
+- Document rust library features (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3395>)
+- Clean up binding & parser lists (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3443>)
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Remove ansi_term dependency (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3387>)
+- Remove difference dependency (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3388>)
+- **scripts**: Clean up bash scripts (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3231>)
+
+### Testing
+
+- Modernize scanner files (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3340>)
+
+### Build System and CI
+
+- **deps**: bump wasmtime, cc, and wasmparser (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3529>
+- **bindings**: Use language version in soname (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3308>)
+- **lib**: Include the minor in the soname
+- **loader**: Make dependencies optional (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/1638>)
+- **swift**: Declare header search path (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3474>)
+- **wasm**: Don't minify JS (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3380>)
+- **wasm**: Bump emscripten to 3.1.64 (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3497>)
+- **wasm**: Support big endian machines (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3492>)
+- **zig**: Git ignore updated Zig cache directory (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3408>)
+
+### Other
+
+- Swap `sprintf()` for `snprintf()` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3430>)
+- Add `.build` to gitignore (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3498>)
+- Reset language when resetting wasm store (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3495>)
+- Clone wasm store engine (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3542>)
+- **bindings**: Fix indent & line endings (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3284>)
+
+## [0.22.6] — 2024-05-05
+
+### Features
+
+- Improve handling of serialization buffer overflows (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3318>)
+- Reverse iteration through node parents (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3214>)
+- **cli**: Support `NO_COLOR` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3299>)
+- **cli**: Add test listing and allow users to parse a specific test number (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3067>)
+- **grammar**: Add "inherits" field if available (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3295>)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Correctly load field data from wasm languages
+- Improve error message when the `tree-sitter` field is malformed
+- Don't error out on package.json lookup errors if `--no-bindings` is passed (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3323>)
+- **cli**: Keep default cc flags in build
+- **cli**: Properly account for multi-grammar repos when using docker to build a wasm parser (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3337>)
+- **generate**: Don't check arbitrarily named dirs
+- **generate**: Take `AsRef<Path>` for the path parameter to avoid clones (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3322>)
+- **highlight**: Correct signature of `ts_highlighter_add_language`
+- **lib**: Do not return field names for extras (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3330>)
+- **lib**: Advance the lookahead end byte by 4 when there's an invalid code point (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3305>)
+- **rust**: Update README example (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3307>)
+- **rust**: Use unix + wasi cfg instead of not windows for fd (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3304>)
+- **test**: Allow newlines in between test name and attribute
+- **wasm**: Correct `childrenFromFieldXXX` method signatures (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3301>)
+- **xtask**: Always bump every crate in tandem
+- **zig**: Make usable as a zig dependency (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3315>)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Mention build command variables
+- Swap `\s` for `\\s` in query example
+- **highlight**: Typo (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3290>)
+
+### Refactor
+
+- **tests**: Migrate remaining `grammar.json` tests to `grammar.js` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3325>)
+
+### Build System and CI
+
+- Add nightly rustfmt to workflow for linting (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3333>)
+- Fix address sanitizer step (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3188>)
+- **deps**: Bump cc from 1.0.92 to 1.0.94 in the cargo group (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3298>)
+- **deps**: Bump the cargo group with 6 updates (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3313>)
+- **xtask**: Bump `build.zig.zon` version when bumping versions
+
+## [0.22.5] — 2024-04-14
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Avoid generating unused character set constants
+- **cli**: Test parsing on windows (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3289>)
+- **rust**: Compilation on wasm32-wasi (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3293>)
+
+## [0.22.4] — 2024-04-12
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Fix sorting of transitions within a lex state
+- Include 2-character ranges in array-based state transitions
+
+### Build System and CI
+
+- Always bump at least the patch version in bump xtask
+
+## [0.22.3] — 2024-04-12
+
+### Features
+
+- Add strncat to wasm stdlib
+- Generate simpler code for matching large character sets (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3234>)
+- When loading languages via WASM, gracefully handle memory errors and leaks in external scanners (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3181>)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **bindings**: Add utf-8 flag to python & node (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3278>)
+- **bindings**: Generate parser.c if missing (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3277>)
+- **bindings**: Remove required platforms for swift (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3264>)
+- **cli**: Fix mismatched parenthesis when accounting for `&&` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3274>)
+- **lib**: Do not consider childless nodes for ts_node_parent (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3191>)
+- **lib**: Properly account for aliased root nodes and root nodes with
+  children in `ts_subtree_string` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3191>)
+- **lib**: Account for the root node of a tree cursor being an alias (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3191>)
+- **lib**: Use correct format specifier in log message (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3255>)
+- **parser**: Fix variadic macro (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3229>)
+- render: Proper function prototypes (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3277>)
+- **windows**: Add `/utf-8` flag for parsers using unicode symbols (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3223>)
+- Add a semicolon after SKIP macros (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3264>)
+- Add back `build-wasm` temporarily (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3203>)
+- Add lifetime to matches function (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3254>)
+- Default output directory for `build --wasm` should use current_dir (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3203>)
+- Fix sorting of wasm stdlib symbols
+- Insert "tree-sitter" section in current directory's package.json if it exists (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3224>)
+- Tie the lifetime of the cursor to the query in `QueryCursor::captures()` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3266>)
+- Wrong flag check in `build.rs`
+
+### Performance
+
+- **cli**: Reduced the compile time of generated parsers by generating C code with fewer conditionals (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3234>)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Add NGINX grammar
+
+### Refactor
+
+- **parser**: Make REDUCE macro non-variadic (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3280>)
+- **js**: Misc fixes & tidying
+- **rust**: Misc fixes & tidying
+
+### Testing
+
+- Add regression test for node parent + string bug (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3191>)
+- **test**: Allow colons in test names (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3264>)
+
+### Build System and CI
+
+- Upgrade wasmtime
+- Update emscripten version (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3272>)
+- **dependabot**: Improve PR labels (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3282>)
+
+## [0.22.2] — 2024-03-17
+
+### Breaking
+
+- **cli**: Add a separate build command to compile parsers
+
+### Features
+
+- **bindings/rust**: Expose `Parser::included_ranges`
+- Lower the lib's MSRV (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3169>)
+- **lib**: Implement Display for Node (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3177>)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- **bindings/wasm**: Fix `Parser.getIncludedRanges()` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3164>)
+- **lib**: Makefile installation on macOS (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3167>)
+- **lib**: Makefile installation (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3173>)
+- **lib**: Avoid possible UB of calling memset on a null ptr when 0 is passed into `array_grow_by` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3176>)
+- **lib**: Allow hiding symbols (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3180>)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Fix typo (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3158>)
+- **licensfe**: Update year (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3183>)
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Remove dependency on which crate (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3172>)
+- Turbofish styling
+
+### Testing
+
+- Fix header writes (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3174>)
+
+### Build System and CI
+
+- Simplify workflows (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3002>)
+- **lib**: Allow overriding CFLAGS on the commandline (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3159>)
+
+## [0.22.1] — 2024-03-10
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Cli build script behavior on release
+
+## [0.22.0] — 2024-03-10
+
+### Breaking
+
+- Remove top-level `corpus` dir for tests
+  The cli will now only look in `test/corpus` for tests
+- Remove redundant escape regex & curly brace regex preprocessing (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2838>)
+- **bindings**: Convert node bindings to NAPI (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3077>)
+- **wasm**: Make `current*`, `is*`, and `has*` methods properties (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3103>)
+- **wasm**: Keep API in-line with upstream and start aligning with node (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3149>)
+
+### Features
+
+- Add xtasks to assist with bumping crates (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3065>)
+- Improve language bindings (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2438>)
+- Expose the allocator and array header files for external scanners (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3063>)
+- Add typings for the node bindings
+- Replace `nan` with `node-addon-api` and conditionally print logs
+- **bindings**: Add more make targets
+- **bindings**: Add peerDependencies for npm
+- **bindings**: Add prebuildify to node
+- **bindings**: Remove dsl types file (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3126>)
+- **node**: Type tag the language (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3109>)
+- **test**: Add attributes for corpus tests
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Apply some `scan-build` suggestions (unused assignment/garbage access) (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3056>)
+- Wrap `||` comparison in parentheses when `&&` is used (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3070>)
+- Ignore unused variables in the array macros (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3083>)
+- `binding.cc` overwrite should replace `PARSER_NAME` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3116>)
+- Don't use `__declspec(dllexport)` on windows (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3128>)
+- Parsers should export the language function on windows
+- Allow the regex `v` flag (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3154>)
+- **assertions**: Case shouldn't matter for comment node detection
+- **bindings**: Editorconfig and setup.py fixes (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3082>)
+- **bindings**: Insert `types` after `main` if it exists (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3122>)
+- **bindings**: Fix template oversights (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3155>)
+- **cli**: Only output the sources with `--no-bindings` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3123>)
+- **generate**: Add `.npmignore`, populate Swift's exclude list (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3085>)
+- **generate**: Extern allocator functions for the template don't need to be "exported" (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3132>)
+- **generate**: Camel case name in `Cargo.toml` description (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3140>)
+- **lib**: Include `api.h` so `ts_set_allocator` is visible (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3092>)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Add GitHub user and PR info to the changelog
+- Add css for inline code (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2844>)
+- Document test attributes
+- Add `Ohm` language parser
+- Remove duplicate `the`'s (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3120>)
+- Add discord and matrix badges (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3148>)
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Rename TS_REUSE_ALLOCATOR flag (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3088>)
+- Remove extern/const where possible
+- **array**: Use pragma GCC in clang too
+- **bindings**: Remove npmignore (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3089>)
+
+### Testing
+
+- Don't use TS_REUSE_ALLOCATOR on Darwin systems (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3087>)
+- Add test case for parse stack merging with incorrect error cost bug (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3098>)
+
+### Build System and CI
+
+- Improve changelog settings (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3064>)
+- Unify crate versions via workspace (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3074>)
+- Update `cc` to remove annoying debug output (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3075>)
+- Adjust dependabot settings (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3079>)
+- Use c11 everywhere
+- Add uninstall command
+- Don't skip tests on failing lint (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3102>)
+- Remove unused deps, bump deps, and bump MSRV to 1.74.1 (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3153>)
+- **bindings**: Metadata improvements
+- **bindings**: Make everything c11 (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3099>)
+- **dependabot**: Update weekly instead of daily (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3112>)
+- **deps**: Bump the cargo group with 1 update (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3081>)
+- **deps**: Bump the cargo group with 1 update (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3097>)
+- **deps**: Bump deps & lockfile (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3060>)
+- **deps**: Bump the cargo group with 4 updates (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3134>)
+- **lint**: Detect if `Cargo.lock` needs to be updated (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3066>)
+- **lint**: Make lockfile check quiet (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3078>)
+- **swift**: Move 'cLanguageStandard' behind 'targets' (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3101>)
+
+### Other
+
+- Make Node.js language bindings context aware (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2841>)
+  They don't have any dynamic global data, so all it takes is just declaring them as such
+- Fix crash when attempting to load ancient languages via wasm (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3068>)
+- Use workspace dependencies for internal crates like Tree-sitter (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3076>)
+- Remove vendored wasmtime headers (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3084>)
+  When building rust binding, use wasmtime headers provided via cargo
+  by the wasmtime-c-api crate.
+- Fix invalid parse stack recursive merging with mismatched error cost (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3086>)
+  Allowing this invalid merge caused an invariant to be violated
+  later on during parsing, when handling a later error.
+- Fix regression in `subtree_compare` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3111>)
+- docs: Add `Ohm` language parser (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3114>)
+- Delete `binding_files.rs` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3106>)
+- **bindings**: Consistent wording (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3096>)
+- **bindings**: Ignore more artifacts (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3119>)
+
+## [0.21.0] — 2024-02-21
+
+### Breaking
+
+- Remove the apply-all-captures flag, make last-wins precedence the default
+
+  **NOTE**: This change might cause breakage in your grammar's highlight tests.
+  Just flip the order around of the relevant queries, and keep in mind that the
+  last query that matches will win.
+
+### Features
+
+- Use lockfiles to dedup recompilation
+- Improve error message for files with an unknown grammar path (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2475>)
+- Implement first-line-regex (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2479>)
+- Error out if an empty string is in the `extras` array
+- Allow specifying an external scanner's files (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3031>)
+- Better error info when a scanner is missing required symbols
+- **cli**: Add an optional `grammar-path` argument for the playground (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3014>)
+- **cli**: Add optional `config-path` argument (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3050>)
+- **loader**: Add more commonly used default parser directories
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Prettify xml output and add node position info (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2970>)
+- Inherited grammar generation
+- Properly error out when the word property is an invalid rule
+- Update schema for regex flags (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3006>)
+- Properly handle `Query.matches` when filtering out results (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3013>)
+- Sexp format edge case with quoted closed parenthesis (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3016>)
+- Always push the default files if there's no `externals`
+- Don't log NUL characters (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3037>)
+- Don't throw an error if the user uses `map` in the grammar (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3041>)
+- Remove redundant imports (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3047>)
+- **cli**: Installation via a HTTP tunnel proxy (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2824>)
+- **cli**: Don't update tests automatically if parse errors are detected (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3033>)
+- **cli**: Don't use `long` for `grammar_path`
+- **test**: Allow writing updates to tests without erroneous nodes instead of denying all of them if a single error is found
+- **test**: Edge case when parsing `UNEXPECTED`/`MISSING` nodes with an indentation level greater than 0
+- **wasm**: Remove C++ mangled symbols (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2971>)
+
+### Documentation
+
+- Create issue template (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2978>)
+- Document regex limitations
+- Mention that `token($.foo)` is illegal
+- Explicitly mention behavior of walking outside the given "root" node for a `TSTreeCursor` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3021>)
+- Small fixes (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2987>)
+- Add `Tact` language parser (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3030>)
+- **web**: Provide deno usage information (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2498>)
+
+### Refactor
+
+- Extract regex check into a function and lower its precedence
+- `&PathBuf` -> `&Path` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3035>)
+- Name anonymous types in api.h (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/1659>)
+
+### Testing
+
+- Add quotes around bash variables (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3023>)
+- Update html tests
+
+### Build System and CI
+
+- Only create release for normal semver tags (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2973>)
+- Add useful development targets to makefile (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2979>)
+- Remove minimum glibc information in summary page (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2988>)
+- Use the native m1 mac runner (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2995>)
+- Add editorconfig (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2998>)
+- Remove symbolic links from repository (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2997>)
+- Move common Cargo.toml keys into the workspace and inherit them (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3019>)
+- Remove reviewers when drafting or closing a PR (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2963>)
+- Enable creating changelogs with git-cliff (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3040>)
+- Cache fixtures (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3038>)
+- Don't cancel jobs on master (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3052>)
+- Relax caching requirements (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3051>)
+- **deps**: Bump clap from 4.4.18 to 4.5.0 (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3007>)
+- **deps**: Bump wasmtime from v16.0.0 to v17.0.1 (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3008>)
+- **deps**: Bump wasmtime to v18.0.1 (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3057>)
+- **sanitize**: Add a timeout of 60 minutes (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3017>)
+- **sanitize**: Reduce timeout to 20 minutes (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3054>)
+
+### Other
+
+- Document preferred language for scanner (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2972>)
+- Add java and tsx to corpus tests (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2992>)
+- Provide a CLI flag to open `log.html` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2996>)
+- Some more clippy lints (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3010>)
+- Remove deprecated query parsing mechanism (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3011>)
+- Print out full compiler arguments ran when it fails (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3018>)
+- Deprecate C++ scanners (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3020>)
+- Add some documentation to the playground page (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/1495>)
+- Update relevant rust tests (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2947>)
+- Clippy lints (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3032>)
+- Error out when multiple arguments are passed to `token`/`token.immediate` (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3036>)
+- Tidying
+- Prefer turbofish syntax where possible (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3048>)
+- Use published wasmtime crates
+- Cleaner cast
+- Update `Cargo.lock`
+- Get rid of `github_issue_test` file (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3055>)
+- **cli**: Use spawn to display `emcc`'s stdout and stderr (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2494>)
+- **cli**: Warn users when a query path needed for a subcommand isn't specified in a grammar's package.json
+- **generate**: Dedup and warn about duplicate or invalid rules (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2994>)
+- **test**: Use different languages for async tests (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/2953>)
+- **wasm**: Use `SIDE_MODULE=2` to silence warning (<https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/pull/3003>)

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
-
-project(tree-sitter
-        VERSION "0.27.0"
-        DESCRIPTION "An incremental parsing system for programming tools"
-        HOMEPAGE_URL "https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/"
-        LANGUAGES C)
-
-option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build using shared libraries" ON)
-option(TREE_SITTER_FEATURE_WASM "Enable the Wasm feature" OFF)
-option(AMALGAMATED "Build using an amalgamated source" OFF)
-
-if(AMALGAMATED)
-  set(TS_SOURCE_FILES "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib/src/lib.c")
-else()
-  file(GLOB TS_SOURCE_FILES lib/src/*.c)
-  list(REMOVE_ITEM TS_SOURCE_FILES "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib/src/lib.c")
-endif()
-
-add_library(tree-sitter ${TS_SOURCE_FILES})
-
-target_include_directories(tree-sitter PRIVATE lib/src lib/src/wasm PUBLIC lib/include)
-
-if(MSVC)
-  target_compile_options(tree-sitter PRIVATE
-                         /wd4018 # disable 'signed/unsigned mismatch'
-                         /wd4232 # disable 'nonstandard extension used'
-                         /wd4244 # disable 'possible loss of data'
-                         /wd4267 # disable 'possible loss of data (size_t)'
-                         /wd4701 # disable 'potentially uninitialized local variable'
-                         /we4022 # treat 'incompatible types' as an error
-                         /W4)
-else()
-  target_compile_options(tree-sitter PRIVATE
-                         -Wall -Wextra -Wshadow -Wpedantic
-                         -Werror=incompatible-pointer-types)
-endif()
-
-if(TREE_SITTER_FEATURE_WASM)
-  if(NOT DEFINED CACHE{WASMTIME_INCLUDE_DIR})
-    message(CHECK_START "Looking for wasmtime headers")
-    find_path(WASMTIME_INCLUDE_DIR wasmtime.h
-              PATHS ENV DEP_WASMTIME_C_API_INCLUDE)
-    if(NOT WASMTIME_INCLUDE_DIR)
-      unset(WASMTIME_INCLUDE_DIR CACHE)
-      message(FATAL_ERROR "Could not find wasmtime headers.\nDid you forget to set CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH?")
-    endif()
-    message(CHECK_PASS "found")
-  endif()
-
-  if(NOT DEFINED CACHE{WASMTIME_LIBRARY})
-    message(CHECK_START "Looking for wasmtime library")
-    find_library(WASMTIME_LIBRARY wasmtime)
-    if(NOT WASMTIME_LIBRARY)
-      unset(WASMTIME_LIBRARY CACHE)
-      message(FATAL_ERROR "Could not find wasmtime library.\nDid you forget to set CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH?")
-    endif()
-    message(CHECK_PASS "found")
-  endif()
-
-  target_compile_definitions(tree-sitter PUBLIC TREE_SITTER_FEATURE_WASM)
-  target_include_directories(tree-sitter SYSTEM PRIVATE "${WASMTIME_INCLUDE_DIR}")
-  target_link_libraries(tree-sitter PUBLIC "${WASMTIME_LIBRARY}")
-  set_property(TARGET tree-sitter PROPERTY C_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
-
-  if(NOT BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
-    if(WIN32)
-      target_compile_definitions(tree-sitter PRIVATE WASM_API_EXTERN= WASI_API_EXTERN=)
-      target_link_libraries(tree-sitter INTERFACE ws2_32 advapi32 userenv ntdll shell32 ole32 bcrypt)
-    elseif(NOT APPLE)
-      target_link_libraries(tree-sitter INTERFACE pthread dl m)
-    endif()
-  endif()
-endif()
-
-set_target_properties(tree-sitter
-                      PROPERTIES
-                      C_STANDARD 11
-                      C_VISIBILITY_PRESET hidden
-                      POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON
-                      SOVERSION "${PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR}.${PROJECT_VERSION_MINOR}"
-                      DEFINE_SYMBOL "")
-
-target_compile_definitions(tree-sitter PRIVATE _POSIX_C_SOURCE=200112L _DEFAULT_SOURCE _BSD_SOURCE _DARWIN_C_SOURCE)
-
-include(GNUInstallDirs)
-
-configure_file(lib/tree-sitter.pc.in "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/tree-sitter.pc" @ONLY)
-
-install(FILES lib/include/tree_sitter/api.h
-        DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/tree_sitter")
-install(FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/tree-sitter.pc"
-        DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig")
-install(TARGETS tree-sitter
-        LIBRARY DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}")

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1 +1 @@
-See [docs/src/6-contributing.md](./docs/src/6-contributing.md)
+See [section-6-contributing.md](./docs/section-6-contributing.md)

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,86 +1,28 @@
 [workspace]
-default-members = ["crates/cli"]
+default-members = ["cli"]
 members = [
-  "crates/cli",
+  "cli",
-  "crates/config",
+  "cli/config",
-  "crates/generate",
+  "cli/loader",
-  "crates/highlight",
-  "crates/loader",
-  "crates/tags",
-  "crates/xtask",
-  "crates/language",
   "lib",
+  "lib/language",
+  "tags",
+  "highlight",
+  "xtask",
 ]
 resolver = "2"
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.27.0"
+version = "0.23.0"
-authors = [
+authors = ["Max Brunsfeld <maxbrunsfeld@gmail.com>"]
-  "Max Brunsfeld <maxbrunsfeld@gmail.com>",
-  "Amaan Qureshi <amaanq12@gmail.com>",
-]
 edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.85"
+rust-version = "1.74.1"
 homepage = "https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter"
 repository = "https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter"
 license = "MIT"
 keywords = ["incremental", "parsing"]
 categories = ["command-line-utilities", "parsing"]
 
-[workspace.lints.clippy]
-dbg_macro = "deny"
-todo = "deny"
-pedantic = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
-nursery = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
-cargo = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
-
-# The lints below are a specific subset of the pedantic+nursery lints
-# that we explicitly allow in the tree-sitter codebase because they either:
-#
-# 1. Contain false positives,
-# 2. Are unnecessary, or
-# 3. Worsen the code
-
-branches_sharing_code = "allow"
-cast_lossless = "allow"
-cast_possible_truncation = "allow"
-cast_possible_wrap = "allow"
-cast_precision_loss = "allow"
-cast_sign_loss = "allow"
-checked_conversions = "allow"
-cognitive_complexity = "allow"
-collection_is_never_read = "allow"
-fallible_impl_from = "allow"
-fn_params_excessive_bools = "allow"
-inline_always = "allow"
-if_not_else = "allow"
-items_after_statements = "allow"
-match_wildcard_for_single_variants = "allow"
-missing_errors_doc = "allow"
-missing_panics_doc = "allow"
-module_name_repetitions = "allow"
-multiple_crate_versions = "allow"
-needless_for_each = "allow"
-obfuscated_if_else = "allow"
-option_if_let_else = "allow"
-or_fun_call = "allow"
-range_plus_one = "allow"
-redundant_clone = "allow"
-redundant_closure_for_method_calls = "allow"
-ref_option = "allow"
-similar_names = "allow"
-string_lit_as_bytes = "allow"
-struct_excessive_bools = "allow"
-struct_field_names = "allow"
-transmute_undefined_repr = "allow"
-too_many_lines = "allow"
-unnecessary_wraps = "allow"
-unused_self = "allow"
-used_underscore_items = "allow"
-
-[workspace.lints.rust]
-mismatched_lifetime_syntaxes = "allow"
-
 [profile.optimize]
 inherits = "release"
 strip = true         # Automatically strip symbols from the binary.
@@ -92,72 +34,62 @@ codegen-units = 1    # Maximum size reduction optimizations.
 inherits = "optimize"
 opt-level = "s"       # Optimize for size.
 
-[profile.release-dev]
+[profile.profile]
-inherits = "release"
+inherits = "optimize"
-lto = false
+strip = false
-debug = true
-debug-assertions = true
-overflow-checks = true
-incremental = true
-codegen-units = 256
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-ansi_colours = "1.2.3"
+anstyle = "1.0.8"
-anstyle = "1.0.13"
+anyhow = "1.0.89"
-anyhow = "1.0.100"
+bstr = "1.10.0"
-bstr = "1.12.0"
+cc = "1.1.21"
-cc = "1.2.53"
+clap = { version = "4.5.18", features = [
-clap = { version = "4.5.54", features = [
   "cargo",
   "derive",
   "env",
   "help",
-  "string",
   "unstable-styles",
 ] }
-clap_complete = "4.5.65"
+clap_complete = "4.5.29"
-clap_complete_nushell = "4.5.10"
+ctor = "0.2.8"
-crc32fast = "1.5.0"
+ctrlc = { version = "3.4.5", features = ["termination"] }
-ctor = "0.2.9"
+dirs = "5.0.1"
-ctrlc = { version = "3.5.0", features = ["termination"] }
+filetime = "0.2.25"
-dialoguer = { version = "0.11.0", features = ["fuzzy-select"] }
+fs4 = "0.8.4"
-etcetera = "0.11.0"
+git2 = "0.18.3"
-fs4 = "0.12.0"
+glob = "0.3.1"
-glob = "0.3.3"
 heck = "0.5.0"
 html-escape = "0.2.13"
-indexmap = "2.12.1"
+indexmap = "2.5.0"
-indoc = "2.0.6"
+indoc = "2.0.5"
-libloading = "0.9.0"
+lazy_static = "1.5.0"
-log = { version = "0.4.28", features = ["std"] }
+libloading = "0.8.5"
-memchr = "2.7.6"
+log = { version = "0.4.22", features = ["std"] }
-once_cell = "1.21.3"
+memchr = "2.7.4"
+once_cell = "1.19.0"
+path-slash = "0.2.1"
 pretty_assertions = "1.4.1"
 rand = "0.8.5"
-regex = "1.11.3"
+regex = "1.10.6"
-regex-syntax = "0.8.6"
+regex-syntax = "0.8.4"
-rustc-hash = "2.1.1"
+rustc-hash = "1.1.0"
-schemars = "1.0.5"
+semver = "1.0.23"
-semver = { version = "1.0.27", features = ["serde"] }
+serde = { version = "1.0.210", features = ["derive"] }
-serde = { version = "1.0.219", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_derive = "1.0.197"
-serde_json = { version = "1.0.149", features = ["preserve_order"] }
+serde_json = { version = "1.0.128", features = ["preserve_order"] }
-similar = "2.7.0"
+similar = "2.6.0"
-smallbitvec = "2.6.0"
+smallbitvec = "2.5.3"
-streaming-iterator = "0.1.9"
+tempfile = "3.12.0"
-tempfile = "3.23.0"
+thiserror = "1.0.64"
-thiserror = "2.0.17"
 tiny_http = "0.12.0"
-topological-sort = "0.2.2"
+toml = "0.8.19"
-unindent = "0.2.4"
+unindent = "0.2.3"
 walkdir = "2.5.0"
-wasmparser = "0.243.0"
+wasmparser = "0.215.0"
-webbrowser = "1.0.5"
+webbrowser = "1.0.2"
 
-tree-sitter = { version = "0.27.0", path = "./lib" }
+tree-sitter = { version = "0.23.0", path = "./lib" }
-tree-sitter-generate = { version = "0.27.0", path = "./crates/generate" }
+tree-sitter-loader = { version = "0.23.0", path = "./cli/loader" }
-tree-sitter-loader = { version = "0.27.0", path = "./crates/loader" }
+tree-sitter-config = { version = "0.23.0", path = "./cli/config" }
-tree-sitter-config = { version = "0.27.0", path = "./crates/config" }
+tree-sitter-highlight = { version = "0.23.0", path = "./highlight" }
-tree-sitter-highlight = { version = "0.27.0", path = "./crates/highlight" }
+tree-sitter-tags = { version = "0.23.0", path = "./tags" }
-tree-sitter-tags = { version = "0.27.0", path = "./crates/tags" }
-
-tree-sitter-language = { version = "0.1", path = "./crates/language" }

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
 
-Copyright (c) 2018 Max Brunsfeld
+Copyright (c) 2018-2024 Max Brunsfeld
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

Makefile

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-VERSION := 0.27.0
+ifeq ($(OS),Windows_NT)
+$(error Windows is not supported)
+endif
+
+VERSION := 0.23.0
 DESCRIPTION := An incremental parsing system for programming tools
 HOMEPAGE_URL := https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/
 
@@ -6,7 +10,6 @@ HOMEPAGE_URL := https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/
 PREFIX ?= /usr/local
 INCLUDEDIR ?= $(PREFIX)/include
 LIBDIR ?= $(PREFIX)/lib
-BINDIR ?= $(PREFIX)/bin
 PCLIBDIR ?= $(LIBDIR)/pkgconfig
 
 # collect sources
@@ -22,9 +25,8 @@ OBJ := $(SRC:.c=.o)
 
 # define default flags, and override to append mandatory flags
 ARFLAGS := rcs
-CFLAGS ?= -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wshadow -Wpedantic -Werror=incompatible-pointer-types
+CFLAGS ?= -O3 -Wall -Wextra -Wshadow -pedantic
 override CFLAGS += -std=c11 -fPIC -fvisibility=hidden
-override CFLAGS += -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200112L -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE -D_BSD_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE
 override CFLAGS += -Ilib/src -Ilib/src/wasm -Ilib/include
 
 # ABI versioning
@@ -32,25 +34,20 @@ SONAME_MAJOR := $(word 1,$(subst ., ,$(VERSION)))
 SONAME_MINOR := $(word 2,$(subst ., ,$(VERSION)))
 
 # OS-specific bits
-MACHINE := $(shell $(CC) -dumpmachine)
+ifneq ($(findstring darwin,$(shell $(CC) -dumpmachine)),)
-
-ifneq ($(findstring darwin,$(MACHINE)),)
 	SOEXT = dylib
 	SOEXTVER_MAJOR = $(SONAME_MAJOR).$(SOEXT)
 	SOEXTVER = $(SONAME_MAJOR).$(SONAME_MINOR).$(SOEXT)
 	LINKSHARED += -dynamiclib -Wl,-install_name,$(LIBDIR)/libtree-sitter.$(SOEXTVER)
-else ifneq ($(findstring mingw32,$(MACHINE)),)
-	SOEXT = dll
-	LINKSHARED += -s -shared -Wl,--out-implib,libtree-sitter.dll.a
 else
 	SOEXT = so
 	SOEXTVER_MAJOR = $(SOEXT).$(SONAME_MAJOR)
 	SOEXTVER = $(SOEXT).$(SONAME_MAJOR).$(SONAME_MINOR)
 	LINKSHARED += -shared -Wl,-soname,libtree-sitter.$(SOEXTVER)
+endif
 ifneq ($(filter $(shell uname),FreeBSD NetBSD DragonFly),)
 	PCLIBDIR := $(PREFIX)/libdata/pkgconfig
 endif
-endif
 
 all: libtree-sitter.a libtree-sitter.$(SOEXT) tree-sitter.pc
 
@@ -63,39 +60,25 @@ ifneq ($(STRIP),)
 	$(STRIP) $@
 endif
 
-ifneq ($(findstring mingw32,$(MACHINE)),)
-libtree-sitter.dll.a: libtree-sitter.$(SOEXT)
-endif
-
 tree-sitter.pc: lib/tree-sitter.pc.in
 	sed -e 's|@PROJECT_VERSION@|$(VERSION)|' \
-		-e 's|@CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR@|$(LIBDIR:$(PREFIX)/%=%)|' \
+		-e 's|@CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR@|$(LIBDIR)|' \
-		-e 's|@CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR@|$(INCLUDEDIR:$(PREFIX)/%=%)|' \
+		-e 's|@CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR@|$(INCLUDEDIR)|' \
 		-e 's|@PROJECT_DESCRIPTION@|$(DESCRIPTION)|' \
 		-e 's|@PROJECT_HOMEPAGE_URL@|$(HOMEPAGE_URL)|' \
 		-e 's|@CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX@|$(PREFIX)|' $< > $@
 
-shared: libtree-sitter.$(SOEXT)
-
-static: libtree-sitter.a
-
 clean:
-	$(RM) $(OBJ) tree-sitter.pc libtree-sitter.a libtree-sitter.$(SOEXT) libtree-stitter.dll.a
+	$(RM) $(OBJ) tree-sitter.pc libtree-sitter.a libtree-sitter.$(SOEXT)
 
 install: all
 	install -d '$(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEDIR)'/tree_sitter '$(DESTDIR)$(PCLIBDIR)' '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)'
 	install -m644 lib/include/tree_sitter/api.h '$(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEDIR)'/tree_sitter/api.h
 	install -m644 tree-sitter.pc '$(DESTDIR)$(PCLIBDIR)'/tree-sitter.pc
 	install -m644 libtree-sitter.a '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)'/libtree-sitter.a
-ifneq ($(findstring mingw32,$(MACHINE)),)
-	install -d '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)'
-	install -m755 libtree-sitter.dll '$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)'/libtree-sitter.dll
-	install -m755 libtree-sitter.dll.a '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)'/libtree-sitter.dll.a
-else
 	install -m755 libtree-sitter.$(SOEXT) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)'/libtree-sitter.$(SOEXTVER)
-	cd '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)' && ln -sf libtree-sitter.$(SOEXTVER) libtree-sitter.$(SOEXTVER_MAJOR)
+	ln -sf libtree-sitter.$(SOEXTVER) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)'/libtree-sitter.$(SOEXTVER_MAJOR)
-	cd '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)' && ln -sf libtree-sitter.$(SOEXTVER_MAJOR) libtree-sitter.$(SOEXT)
+	ln -sf libtree-sitter.$(SOEXTVER_MAJOR) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)'/libtree-sitter.$(SOEXT)
-endif
 
 uninstall:
 	$(RM) '$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)'/libtree-sitter.a \
@@ -104,36 +87,31 @@ uninstall:
 		'$(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)'/libtree-sitter.$(SOEXT) \
 		'$(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEDIR)'/tree_sitter/api.h \
 		'$(DESTDIR)$(PCLIBDIR)'/tree-sitter.pc
-	rmdir '$(DESTDIR)$(INCLUDEDIR)'/tree_sitter
 
-.PHONY: all shared static install uninstall clean
+.PHONY: all install uninstall clean
 
 
 ##### Dev targets #####
 
 test:
-	cargo xtask fetch-fixtures
+	script/fetch-fixtures
-	cargo xtask generate-fixtures
+	script/generate-fixtures
-	cargo xtask test
+	script/test
 
-test-wasm:
+test_wasm:
-	cargo xtask generate-fixtures --wasm
+	script/generate-fixtures-wasm
-	cargo xtask test-wasm
+	script/test-wasm
 
 lint:
 	cargo update --workspace --locked --quiet
 	cargo check --workspace --all-targets
-	cargo fmt --all --check
+	cargo +nightly fmt --all --check
 	cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings
 
-lint-web:
-	npm --prefix lib/binding_web ci
-	npm --prefix lib/binding_web run lint
-
 format:
-	cargo fmt --all
+	cargo +nightly fmt --all
 
 changelog:
-	@git-cliff --config .github/cliff.toml --prepend CHANGELOG.md --latest --github-token $(shell gh auth token)
+	@git-cliff --config script/cliff.toml --output CHANGELOG.md --latest --github-token $(shell gh auth token)
 
-.PHONY: test test-wasm lint format changelog
+.PHONY: test test_wasm lint format changelog

Package.swift

@@ -14,22 +14,8 @@ let package = Package(
     targets: [
         .target(name: "TreeSitter",
                 path: "lib",
-                exclude: [
+                sources: ["src/lib.c"],
-                        "src/unicode/ICU_SHA",
+                cSettings: [.headerSearchPath("src")]),
-                        "src/unicode/README.md",
-                        "src/unicode/LICENSE",
-                        "src/wasm/stdlib-symbols.txt",
-                        "src/lib.c",
-                ],
-                sources: ["src"],
-                publicHeadersPath: "include",
-                cSettings: [
-                        .headerSearchPath("src"),
-                        .define("_POSIX_C_SOURCE", to: "200112L"),
-                        .define("_DEFAULT_SOURCE"),
-                        .define("_BSD_SOURCE"),
-                        .define("_DARWIN_C_SOURCE"),
-                ]),
     ],
     cLanguageStandard: .c11
 )

README.md

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ Tree-sitter is a parser generator tool and an incremental parsing library. It ca
 ## Links
 - [Documentation](https://tree-sitter.github.io)
 - [Rust binding](lib/binding_rust/README.md)
-- [Wasm binding](lib/binding_web/README.md)
+- [WASM binding](lib/binding_web/README.md)
-- [Command-line interface](crates/cli/README.md)
+- [Command-line interface](cli/README.md)
 
 [discord]: https://img.shields.io/discord/1063097320771698699?logo=discord&label=discord
 [matrix]: https://img.shields.io/matrix/tree-sitter-chat%3Amatrix.org?logo=matrix&label=matrix

build.zig

@@ -1,142 +1,18 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 
-pub fn build(b: *std.Build) !void {
+pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
-    const target = b.standardTargetOptions(.{});
+    var lib = b.addStaticLibrary(.{
-    const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});
-
-    const wasm = b.option(bool, "enable-wasm", "Enable Wasm support") orelse false;
-    const shared = b.option(bool, "build-shared", "Build a shared library") orelse false;
-    const amalgamated = b.option(bool, "amalgamated", "Build using an amalgamated source") orelse false;
-
-    const lib: *std.Build.Step.Compile = b.addLibrary(.{
         .name = "tree-sitter",
-        .linkage = if (shared) .dynamic else .static,
+        .target = b.standardTargetOptions(.{}),
-        .root_module = b.createModule(.{
+        .optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{}),
-            .target = target,
-            .optimize = optimize,
-            .link_libc = true,
-            .pic = if (shared) true else null,
-        }),
     });
 
-    if (amalgamated) {
+    lib.linkLibC();
-        lib.addCSourceFile(.{
+    lib.addCSourceFile(.{ .file = b.path("lib/src/lib.c"), .flags = &.{"-std=c11"} });
-            .file = b.path("lib/src/lib.c"),
-            .flags = &.{"-std=c11"},
-        });
-    } else {
-        const files = try findSourceFiles(b);
-        defer b.allocator.free(files);
-        lib.addCSourceFiles(.{
-            .root = b.path("lib/src"),
-            .files = files,
-            .flags = &.{"-std=c11"},
-        });
-    }
-
     lib.addIncludePath(b.path("lib/include"));
     lib.addIncludePath(b.path("lib/src"));
-    lib.addIncludePath(b.path("lib/src/wasm"));
-
-    lib.root_module.addCMacro("_POSIX_C_SOURCE", "200112L");
-    lib.root_module.addCMacro("_DEFAULT_SOURCE", "");
-    lib.root_module.addCMacro("_BSD_SOURCE", "");
-    lib.root_module.addCMacro("_DARWIN_C_SOURCE", "");
-
-    if (wasm) {
-        if (b.lazyDependency(wasmtimeDep(target.result), .{})) |wasmtime| {
-            lib.root_module.addCMacro("TREE_SITTER_FEATURE_WASM", "");
-            lib.addSystemIncludePath(wasmtime.path("include"));
-            lib.addLibraryPath(wasmtime.path("lib"));
-            if (shared) lib.linkSystemLibrary("wasmtime");
-        }
-    }
 
     lib.installHeadersDirectory(b.path("lib/include"), ".", .{});
 
     b.installArtifact(lib);
 }
-
-/// Get the name of the wasmtime dependency for this target.
-pub fn wasmtimeDep(target: std.Target) []const u8 {
-    const arch = target.cpu.arch;
-    const os = target.os.tag;
-    const abi = target.abi;
-    return @as(?[]const u8, switch (os) {
-        .linux => switch (arch) {
-            .x86_64 => switch (abi) {
-                .gnu => "wasmtime_c_api_x86_64_linux",
-                .musl => "wasmtime_c_api_x86_64_musl",
-                .android => "wasmtime_c_api_x86_64_android",
-                else => null,
-            },
-            .aarch64 => switch (abi) {
-                .gnu => "wasmtime_c_api_aarch64_linux",
-                .musl => "wasmtime_c_api_aarch64_musl",
-                .android => "wasmtime_c_api_aarch64_android",
-                else => null,
-            },
-            .x86 => switch (abi) {
-                .gnu => "wasmtime_c_api_i686_linux",
-                else => null,
-            },
-            .arm => switch (abi) {
-                .gnueabi => "wasmtime_c_api_armv7_linux",
-                else => null,
-            },
-            .s390x => switch (abi) {
-                .gnu => "wasmtime_c_api_s390x_linux",
-                else => null,
-            },
-            .riscv64 => switch (abi) {
-                .gnu => "wasmtime_c_api_riscv64gc_linux",
-                else => null,
-            },
-            else => null,
-        },
-        .windows => switch (arch) {
-            .x86_64 => switch (abi) {
-                .gnu => "wasmtime_c_api_x86_64_mingw",
-                .msvc => "wasmtime_c_api_x86_64_windows",
-                else => null,
-            },
-            .aarch64 => switch (abi) {
-                .msvc => "wasmtime_c_api_aarch64_windows",
-                else => null,
-            },
-            .x86 => switch (abi) {
-                .msvc => "wasmtime_c_api_i686_windows",
-                else => null,
-            },
-            else => null,
-        },
-        .macos => switch (arch) {
-            .x86_64 => "wasmtime_c_api_x86_64_macos",
-            .aarch64 => "wasmtime_c_api_aarch64_macos",
-            else => null,
-        },
-        else => null,
-    }) orelse std.debug.panic(
-        "Unsupported target for wasmtime: {s}-{s}-{s}",
-        .{ @tagName(arch), @tagName(os), @tagName(abi) },
-    );
-}
-
-fn findSourceFiles(b: *std.Build) ![]const []const u8 {
-    var sources: std.ArrayListUnmanaged([]const u8) = .empty;
-
-    var dir = try b.build_root.handle.openDir("lib/src", .{ .iterate = true });
-    var iter = dir.iterate();
-    defer dir.close();
-
-    while (try iter.next()) |entry| {
-        if (entry.kind != .file) continue;
-        const file = entry.name;
-        const ext = std.fs.path.extension(file);
-        if (std.mem.eql(u8, ext, ".c") and !std.mem.eql(u8, file, "lib.c")) {
-            try sources.append(b.allocator, b.dupe(file));
-        }
-    }
-
-    return sources.toOwnedSlice(b.allocator);
-}

build.zig.zon

@@ -1,96 +1,10 @@
 .{
-    .name = .tree_sitter,
+    .name = "tree-sitter",
-    .fingerprint = 0x841224b447ac0d4f,
+    .version = "0.23.0",
-    .version = "0.27.0",
-    .minimum_zig_version = "0.14.1",
     .paths = .{
         "build.zig",
         "build.zig.zon",
         "lib/src",
         "lib/include",
-        "README.md",
-        "LICENSE",
-    },
-    .dependencies = .{
-        .wasmtime_c_api_aarch64_android = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-aarch64-android-c-api.tar.xz",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAIfPIgdw2YnV3QyiFQ2NHdrxrXzzCdjYJyxJDOta",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_aarch64_linux = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-aarch64-linux-c-api.tar.xz",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAIt97QZi7Pf7nNJ2mVY6uxA80Klyuvvtop3pLMRK",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_aarch64_macos = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-aarch64-macos-c-api.tar.xz",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAAO48QQf91w9RmmUDHTja8DrXZA1n6Bmc8waW3qe",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_aarch64_musl = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-aarch64-musl-c-api.tar.xz",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAI196wa9pwADoA2RbCDp5F7bKQg1iOPq6gIh8-FH",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_aarch64_windows = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-aarch64-windows-c-api.zip",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAC9u4wXfqd1Q6XyQaC8_DbQZClXux60Vu5743N05",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_armv7_linux = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-armv7-linux-c-api.tar.xz",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAHXe8gWs3s83Cc5G6SIq0_jWxj8fGTT5xG4vb6-x",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_i686_linux = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-i686-linux-c-api.tar.xz",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAN2pzgUUfulRCYnipSfis9IIYHoTHVlieLRmKuct",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_i686_windows = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-i686-windows-c-api.zip",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAJu0YAUUTFBLxFIOi-MSQVezA6MMkpoFtuaf2Quf",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_riscv64gc_linux = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-riscv64gc-linux-c-api.tar.xz",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAG8m-gc3E3AIImtTZ3l1c7HC6HUWazQ9OH5KACX4",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_s390x_linux = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-s390x-linux-c-api.tar.xz",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAH314gd-gE4IBp2uvAL3gHeuW1uUZjMiLLeUdXL_",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_x86_64_android = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-x86_64-android-c-api.tar.xz",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAIPNRwfNkznebrcGb0IKUe7f35bkuZEYOjcx6q3f",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_x86_64_linux = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-x86_64-linux-c-api.tar.xz",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAI8EDwcyTtk_Afhk47SEaqfpoRqGkJeZpGs69ChF",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_x86_64_macos = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-x86_64-macos-c-api.tar.xz",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAGtGNgVaOpHSxC22IjrampbRIy6lLwscdcAE8nG1",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_x86_64_mingw = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-x86_64-mingw-c-api.zip",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAPS2PAbVix50L6lnddlgazCPTz3whLUFk1qnRtnZ",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_x86_64_musl = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-x86_64-musl-c-api.tar.xz",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAF-WEQe0nzvi09PgusM5i46FIuCKJmIDWUleWgQ3",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
-        .wasmtime_c_api_x86_64_windows = .{
-            .url = "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/download/v33.0.2/wasmtime-v33.0.2-x86_64-windows-c-api.zip",
-            .hash = "N-V-__8AAKGNXwbpJQsn0_6kwSIVDDWifSg8cBzf7T2RzsC9",
-            .lazy = true,
-        },
     },
 }

cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,17 +8,9 @@ rust-version.workspace = true
 readme = "README.md"
 homepage.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
-documentation = "https://docs.rs/tree-sitter-cli"
 license.workspace = true
 keywords.workspace = true
 categories.workspace = true
-include = ["build.rs", "README.md", "LICENSE", "benches/*", "src/**"]
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[lib]
-path = "src/tree_sitter_cli.rs"
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "tree-sitter"
@@ -30,52 +22,51 @@ name = "benchmark"
 harness = false
 
 [features]
-default = ["qjs-rt"]
 wasm = ["tree-sitter/wasm", "tree-sitter-loader/wasm"]
-qjs-rt = ["tree-sitter-generate/qjs-rt"]
 
 [dependencies]
-ansi_colours.workspace = true
 anstyle.workspace = true
 anyhow.workspace = true
 bstr.workspace = true
 clap.workspace = true
 clap_complete.workspace = true
-clap_complete_nushell.workspace = true
-crc32fast.workspace = true
 ctor.workspace = true
 ctrlc.workspace = true
-dialoguer.workspace = true
+dirs.workspace = true
+filetime.workspace = true
 glob.workspace = true
 heck.workspace = true
 html-escape.workspace = true
+indexmap.workspace = true
 indoc.workspace = true
+lazy_static.workspace = true
 log.workspace = true
 memchr.workspace = true
 rand.workspace = true
 regex.workspace = true
-schemars.workspace = true
+regex-syntax.workspace = true
+rustc-hash.workspace = true
 semver.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
+serde_derive.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
 similar.workspace = true
-streaming-iterator.workspace = true
+smallbitvec.workspace = true
-thiserror.workspace = true
 tiny_http.workspace = true
 walkdir.workspace = true
 wasmparser.workspace = true
 webbrowser.workspace = true
 
 tree-sitter.workspace = true
-tree-sitter-generate.workspace = true
 tree-sitter-config.workspace = true
 tree-sitter-highlight.workspace = true
 tree-sitter-loader.workspace = true
 tree-sitter-tags.workspace = true
 
+[target."cfg(windows)".dependencies]
+url = "2.5.2"
+
 [dev-dependencies]
-encoding_rs = "0.8.35"
-widestring = "1.2.1"
 tree_sitter_proc_macro = { path = "src/tests/proc_macro", package = "tree-sitter-tests-proc-macro" }
 
 tempfile.workspace = true

cli/README.md

@@ -7,15 +7,14 @@
 [npmjs.com]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/tree-sitter-cli
 [npmjs.com badge]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/tree-sitter-cli.svg?color=%23BF4A4A
 
-The Tree-sitter CLI allows you to develop, test, and use Tree-sitter grammars from the command line. It works on `MacOS`,
+The Tree-sitter CLI allows you to develop, test, and use Tree-sitter grammars from the command line. It works on MacOS, Linux, and Windows.
-`Linux`, and `Windows`.
 
 ### Installation
 
 You can install the `tree-sitter-cli` with `cargo`:
 
 ```sh
-cargo install --locked tree-sitter-cli
+cargo install tree-sitter-cli
 ```
 
 or with `npm`:
@@ -35,11 +34,9 @@ The `tree-sitter` binary itself has no dependencies, but specific commands have
 
 ### Commands
 
-* `generate` - The `tree-sitter generate` command will generate a Tree-sitter parser based on the grammar in the current
+* `generate` - The `tree-sitter generate` command will generate a Tree-sitter parser based on the grammar in the current working directory. See [the documentation] for more information.
-  working directory. See [the documentation] for more information.
 
-* `test` - The `tree-sitter test` command will run the unit tests for the Tree-sitter parser in the current working directory.
+* `test` - The `tree-sitter test` command will run the unit tests for the Tree-sitter parser in the current working directory. See [the documentation] for more information.
-  See [the documentation] for more information.
 
 * `parse` - The `tree-sitter parse` command will parse a file (or list of files) using Tree-sitter parsers.
 

cli/benches/benchmark.rs

@@ -3,77 +3,70 @@ use std::{
     env, fs,
     path::{Path, PathBuf},
     str,
-    sync::LazyLock,
     time::Instant,
 };
 
 use anyhow::Context;
-use log::info;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use tree_sitter::{Language, Parser, Query};
 use tree_sitter_loader::{CompileConfig, Loader};
 
 include!("../src/tests/helpers/dirs.rs");
 
-static LANGUAGE_FILTER: LazyLock<Option<String>> =
+lazy_static! {
-    LazyLock::new(|| env::var("TREE_SITTER_BENCHMARK_LANGUAGE_FILTER").ok());
+    static ref LANGUAGE_FILTER: Option<String> =
-static EXAMPLE_FILTER: LazyLock<Option<String>> =
+        env::var("TREE_SITTER_BENCHMARK_LANGUAGE_FILTER").ok();
-    LazyLock::new(|| env::var("TREE_SITTER_BENCHMARK_EXAMPLE_FILTER").ok());
+    static ref EXAMPLE_FILTER: Option<String> =
-static REPETITION_COUNT: LazyLock<usize> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+        env::var("TREE_SITTER_BENCHMARK_EXAMPLE_FILTER").ok();
-    env::var("TREE_SITTER_BENCHMARK_REPETITION_COUNT")
+    static ref REPETITION_COUNT: usize = env::var("TREE_SITTER_BENCHMARK_REPETITION_COUNT")
         .map(|s| s.parse::<usize>().unwrap())
-        .unwrap_or(5)
+        .unwrap_or(5);
-});
+    static ref TEST_LOADER: Loader = Loader::with_parser_lib_path(SCRATCH_DIR.clone());
-static TEST_LOADER: LazyLock<Loader> =
+    static ref EXAMPLE_AND_QUERY_PATHS_BY_LANGUAGE_DIR: BTreeMap<PathBuf, (Vec<PathBuf>, Vec<PathBuf>)> = {
-    LazyLock::new(|| Loader::with_parser_lib_path(SCRATCH_DIR.clone()));
+        fn process_dir(result: &mut BTreeMap<PathBuf, (Vec<PathBuf>, Vec<PathBuf>)>, dir: &Path) {
+            if dir.join("grammar.js").exists() {
+                let relative_path = dir.strip_prefix(GRAMMARS_DIR.as_path()).unwrap();
+                let (example_paths, query_paths) =
+                    result.entry(relative_path.to_owned()).or_default();
 
-#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+                if let Ok(example_files) = fs::read_dir(dir.join("examples")) {
-static EXAMPLE_AND_QUERY_PATHS_BY_LANGUAGE_DIR: LazyLock<
+                    example_paths.extend(example_files.filter_map(|p| {
-    BTreeMap<PathBuf, (Vec<PathBuf>, Vec<PathBuf>)>,
+                        let p = p.unwrap().path();
-> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+                        if p.is_file() {
-    fn process_dir(result: &mut BTreeMap<PathBuf, (Vec<PathBuf>, Vec<PathBuf>)>, dir: &Path) {
+                            Some(p)
-        if dir.join("grammar.js").exists() {
+                        } else {
-            let relative_path = dir.strip_prefix(GRAMMARS_DIR.as_path()).unwrap();
+                            None
-            let (example_paths, query_paths) = result.entry(relative_path.to_owned()).or_default();
+                        }
+                    }));
+                }
 
-            if let Ok(example_files) = fs::read_dir(dir.join("examples")) {
+                if let Ok(query_files) = fs::read_dir(dir.join("queries")) {
-                example_paths.extend(example_files.filter_map(|p| {
+                    query_paths.extend(query_files.filter_map(|p| {
-                    let p = p.unwrap().path();
+                        let p = p.unwrap().path();
-                    if p.is_file() {
+                        if p.is_file() {
-                        Some(p)
+                            Some(p)
-                    } else {
+                        } else {
-                        None
+                            None
+                        }
+                    }));
+                }
+            } else {
+                for entry in fs::read_dir(dir).unwrap() {
+                    let entry = entry.unwrap().path();
+                    if entry.is_dir() {
+                        process_dir(result, &entry);
                     }
-                }));
-            }
-
-            if let Ok(query_files) = fs::read_dir(dir.join("queries")) {
-                query_paths.extend(query_files.filter_map(|p| {
-                    let p = p.unwrap().path();
-                    if p.is_file() {
-                        Some(p)
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                }));
-            }
-        } else {
-            for entry in fs::read_dir(dir).unwrap() {
-                let entry = entry.unwrap().path();
-                if entry.is_dir() {
-                    process_dir(result, &entry);
                 }
             }
         }
-    }
 
-    let mut result = BTreeMap::new();
+        let mut result = BTreeMap::new();
-    process_dir(&mut result, &GRAMMARS_DIR);
+        process_dir(&mut result, &GRAMMARS_DIR);
-    result
+        result
-});
+    };
+}
 
 fn main() {
-    tree_sitter_cli::logger::init();
-
     let max_path_length = EXAMPLE_AND_QUERY_PATHS_BY_LANGUAGE_DIR
         .values()
         .flat_map(|(e, q)| {
@@ -84,7 +77,7 @@ fn main() {
         .max()
         .unwrap_or(0);
 
-    info!("Benchmarking with {} repetitions", *REPETITION_COUNT);
+    eprintln!("Benchmarking with {} repetitions", *REPETITION_COUNT);
 
     let mut parser = Parser::new();
     let mut all_normal_speeds = Vec::new();
@@ -101,11 +94,11 @@ fn main() {
             }
         }
 
-        info!("\nLanguage: {language_name}");
+        eprintln!("\nLanguage: {language_name}");
         let language = get_language(language_path);
         parser.set_language(&language).unwrap();
 
-        info!("  Constructing Queries");
+        eprintln!("  Constructing Queries");
         for path in query_paths {
             if let Some(filter) = EXAMPLE_FILTER.as_ref() {
                 if !path.to_str().unwrap().contains(filter.as_str()) {
@@ -115,12 +108,12 @@ fn main() {
 
             parse(path, max_path_length, |source| {
                 Query::new(&language, str::from_utf8(source).unwrap())
-                    .with_context(|| format!("Query file path: {}", path.display()))
+                    .with_context(|| format!("Query file path: {path:?}"))
                     .expect("Failed to parse query");
             });
         }
 
-        info!("  Parsing Valid Code:");
+        eprintln!("  Parsing Valid Code:");
         let mut normal_speeds = Vec::new();
         for example_path in example_paths {
             if let Some(filter) = EXAMPLE_FILTER.as_ref() {
@@ -134,7 +127,7 @@ fn main() {
             }));
         }
 
-        info!("  Parsing Invalid Code (mismatched languages):");
+        eprintln!("  Parsing Invalid Code (mismatched languages):");
         let mut error_speeds = Vec::new();
         for (other_language_path, (example_paths, _)) in
             EXAMPLE_AND_QUERY_PATHS_BY_LANGUAGE_DIR.iter()
@@ -155,30 +148,30 @@ fn main() {
         }
 
         if let Some((average_normal, worst_normal)) = aggregate(&normal_speeds) {
-            info!("  Average Speed (normal): {average_normal} bytes/ms");
+            eprintln!("  Average Speed (normal): {average_normal} bytes/ms");
-            info!("  Worst Speed (normal):   {worst_normal} bytes/ms");
+            eprintln!("  Worst Speed (normal):   {worst_normal} bytes/ms");
         }
 
         if let Some((average_error, worst_error)) = aggregate(&error_speeds) {
-            info!("  Average Speed (errors): {average_error} bytes/ms");
+            eprintln!("  Average Speed (errors): {average_error} bytes/ms");
-            info!("  Worst Speed (errors):   {worst_error} bytes/ms");
+            eprintln!("  Worst Speed (errors):   {worst_error} bytes/ms");
         }
 
         all_normal_speeds.extend(normal_speeds);
         all_error_speeds.extend(error_speeds);
     }
 
-    info!("\n  Overall");
+    eprintln!("\n  Overall");
     if let Some((average_normal, worst_normal)) = aggregate(&all_normal_speeds) {
-        info!("  Average Speed (normal): {average_normal} bytes/ms");
+        eprintln!("  Average Speed (normal): {average_normal} bytes/ms");
-        info!("  Worst Speed (normal):   {worst_normal} bytes/ms");
+        eprintln!("  Worst Speed (normal):   {worst_normal} bytes/ms");
     }
 
     if let Some((average_error, worst_error)) = aggregate(&all_error_speeds) {
-        info!("  Average Speed (errors): {average_error} bytes/ms");
+        eprintln!("  Average Speed (errors): {average_error} bytes/ms");
-        info!("  Worst Speed (errors):   {worst_error} bytes/ms");
+        eprintln!("  Worst Speed (errors):   {worst_error} bytes/ms");
     }
-    info!("");
+    eprintln!();
 }
 
 fn aggregate(speeds: &[usize]) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
@@ -197,8 +190,14 @@ fn aggregate(speeds: &[usize]) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
 }
 
 fn parse(path: &Path, max_path_length: usize, mut action: impl FnMut(&[u8])) -> usize {
+    eprint!(
+        "    {:width$}\t",
+        path.file_name().unwrap().to_str().unwrap(),
+        width = max_path_length
+    );
+
     let source_code = fs::read(path)
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read {}", path.display()))
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read {path:?}"))
         .unwrap();
     let time = Instant::now();
     for _ in 0..*REPETITION_COUNT {
@@ -207,9 +206,8 @@ fn parse(path: &Path, max_path_length: usize, mut action: impl FnMut(&[u8])) ->
     let duration = time.elapsed() / (*REPETITION_COUNT as u32);
     let duration_ns = duration.as_nanos();
     let speed = ((source_code.len() as u128) * 1_000_000) / duration_ns;
-    info!(
+    eprintln!(
-        "    {:max_path_length$}\ttime {:>7.2} ms\t\tspeed {speed:>6} bytes/ms",
+        "time {:>7.2} ms\t\tspeed {speed:>6} bytes/ms",
-        path.file_name().unwrap().to_str().unwrap(),
         (duration_ns as f64) / 1e6,
     );
     speed as usize
@@ -219,6 +217,6 @@ fn get_language(path: &Path) -> Language {
     let src_path = GRAMMARS_DIR.join(path).join("src");
     TEST_LOADER
         .load_language_at_path(CompileConfig::new(&src_path, None, None))
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to load language at path {}", src_path.display()))
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to load language at path {src_path:?}"))
         .unwrap()
 }

cli/build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+use std::{
+    env,
+    ffi::OsStr,
+    fs,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    time::SystemTime,
+};
+
+fn main() {
+    if let Some(git_sha) = read_git_sha() {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-env=BUILD_SHA={git_sha}");
+    }
+
+    println!("cargo:rustc-check-cfg=cfg(sanitizing)");
+    println!("cargo:rustc-check-cfg=cfg(TREE_SITTER_EMBED_WASM_BINDING)");
+
+    if web_playground_files_present() {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=TREE_SITTER_EMBED_WASM_BINDING");
+    }
+
+    let build_time = SystemTime::now()
+        .duration_since(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .unwrap()
+        .as_secs_f64();
+    println!("cargo:rustc-env=BUILD_TIME={build_time}");
+
+    #[cfg(any(
+        target_os = "linux",
+        target_os = "android",
+        target_os = "freebsd",
+        target_os = "openbsd",
+        target_os = "netbsd",
+        target_os = "dragonfly",
+    ))]
+    {
+        let out_dir = PathBuf::from(env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap()).join("dynamic-symbols.txt");
+        std::fs::write(
+            &out_dir,
+            "{
+                ts_current_malloc;
+                ts_current_calloc;
+                ts_current_realloc;
+                ts_current_free;
+            };",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        println!(
+            "cargo:rustc-link-arg=-Wl,--dynamic-list={}",
+            out_dir.display()
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+fn web_playground_files_present() -> bool {
+    let paths = [
+        "../docs/assets/js/playground.js",
+        "../lib/binding_web/tree-sitter.js",
+        "../lib/binding_web/tree-sitter.wasm",
+    ];
+
+    paths.iter().all(|p| Path::new(p).exists())
+}
+
+fn read_git_sha() -> Option<String> {
+    let mut repo_path = PathBuf::from(env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap());
+
+    let mut git_path;
+    loop {
+        git_path = repo_path.join(".git");
+        if git_path.exists() {
+            break;
+        }
+        if !repo_path.pop() {
+            return None;
+        }
+    }
+
+    let git_dir_path;
+    if git_path.is_dir() {
+        git_dir_path = git_path;
+    } else if let Ok(git_path_content) = fs::read_to_string(&git_path) {
+        git_dir_path = repo_path.join(git_path_content.get("gitdir: ".len()..).unwrap().trim_end());
+    } else {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let git_head_path = git_dir_path.join("HEAD");
+    if let Some(path) = git_head_path.to_str() {
+        println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed={path}");
+    }
+    if let Ok(mut head_content) = fs::read_to_string(&git_head_path) {
+        if head_content.ends_with('\n') {
+            head_content.pop();
+        }
+
+        // If we're on a branch, read the SHA from the ref file.
+        if head_content.starts_with("ref: ") {
+            head_content.replace_range(0.."ref: ".len(), "");
+            let ref_filename = {
+                // Go to real non-worktree gitdir
+                let git_dir_path = git_dir_path
+                    .parent()
+                    .and_then(|p| {
+                        p.file_name()
+                            .map(|n| n == OsStr::new("worktrees"))
+                            .and_then(|x| x.then(|| p.parent()))
+                    })
+                    .flatten()
+                    .unwrap_or(&git_dir_path);
+
+                let file = git_dir_path.join(&head_content);
+                if file.is_file() {
+                    file
+                } else {
+                    let packed_refs = git_dir_path.join("packed-refs");
+                    if let Ok(packed_refs_content) = fs::read_to_string(&packed_refs) {
+                        for line in packed_refs_content.lines() {
+                            if let Some((hash, r#ref)) = line.split_once(' ') {
+                                if r#ref == head_content {
+                                    if let Some(path) = packed_refs.to_str() {
+                                        println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed={path}");
+                                    }
+                                    return Some(hash.to_string());
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return None;
+                }
+            };
+            if let Some(path) = ref_filename.to_str() {
+                println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed={path}");
+            }
+            return fs::read_to_string(&ref_filename).ok();
+        }
+        // If we're on a detached commit, then the `HEAD` file itself contains the sha.
+        if head_content.len() == 40 {
+            return Some(head_content);
+        }
+    }
+
+    None
+}

cli/config/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,20 +8,12 @@ rust-version.workspace = true
 readme = "README.md"
 homepage.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
-documentation = "https://docs.rs/tree-sitter-config"
 license.workspace = true
 keywords.workspace = true
 categories.workspace = true
 
-[lib]
-path = "src/tree_sitter_config.rs"
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
 [dependencies]
-etcetera.workspace = true
+anyhow.workspace = true
-log.workspace = true
+dirs.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
-thiserror.workspace = true

cli/config/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,54 +1,10 @@
-#![cfg_attr(not(any(test, doctest)), doc = include_str!("../README.md"))]
+#![doc = include_str!("../README.md")]
 
-use std::{
+use std::{env, fs, path::PathBuf};
-    env, fs,
-    path::{Path, PathBuf},
-};
 
-use etcetera::BaseStrategy as _;
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Context, Result};
-use log::warn;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_json::Value;
-use thiserror::Error;
-
-pub type ConfigResult<T> = Result<T, ConfigError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error)]
-pub enum ConfigError {
-    #[error("Bad JSON config {0} -- {1}")]
-    ConfigRead(String, serde_json::Error),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    HomeDir(#[from] etcetera::HomeDirError),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    IO(IoError),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    Serialization(#[from] serde_json::Error),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error)]
-pub struct IoError {
-    pub error: std::io::Error,
-    pub path: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl IoError {
-    fn new(error: std::io::Error, path: Option<&Path>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            error,
-            path: path.map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for IoError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{}", self.error)?;
-        if let Some(ref path) = self.path {
-            write!(f, " ({path})")?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
 
 /// Holds the contents of tree-sitter's configuration file.
 ///
@@ -65,7 +21,7 @@ pub struct Config {
 }
 
 impl Config {
-    pub fn find_config_file() -> ConfigResult<Option<PathBuf>> {
+    pub fn find_config_file() -> Result<Option<PathBuf>> {
         if let Ok(path) = env::var("TREE_SITTER_DIR") {
             let mut path = PathBuf::from(path);
             path.push("config.json");
@@ -82,28 +38,8 @@ impl Config {
             return Ok(Some(xdg_path));
         }
 
-        if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
+        let legacy_path = dirs::home_dir()
-            let legacy_apple_path = etcetera::base_strategy::Apple::new()?
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Cannot determine home directory"))?
-                .data_dir() // `$HOME/Library/Application Support/`
-                .join("tree-sitter")
-                .join("config.json");
-            if legacy_apple_path.is_file() {
-                let xdg_dir = xdg_path.parent().unwrap();
-                fs::create_dir_all(xdg_dir)
-                    .map_err(|e| ConfigError::IO(IoError::new(e, Some(xdg_dir))))?;
-                fs::rename(&legacy_apple_path, &xdg_path).map_err(|e| {
-                    ConfigError::IO(IoError::new(e, Some(legacy_apple_path.as_path())))
-                })?;
-                warn!(
-                    "Your config.json file has been automatically migrated from \"{}\" to \"{}\"",
-                    legacy_apple_path.display(),
-                    xdg_path.display()
-                );
-                return Ok(Some(xdg_path));
-            }
-        }
-
-        let legacy_path = etcetera::home_dir()?
             .join(".tree-sitter")
             .join("config.json");
         if legacy_path.is_file() {
@@ -113,9 +49,9 @@ impl Config {
         Ok(None)
     }
 
-    fn xdg_config_file() -> ConfigResult<PathBuf> {
+    fn xdg_config_file() -> Result<PathBuf> {
-        let xdg_path = etcetera::choose_base_strategy()?
+        let xdg_path = dirs::config_dir()
-            .config_dir()
+            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Cannot determine config directory"))?
             .join("tree-sitter")
             .join("config.json");
         Ok(xdg_path)
@@ -127,10 +63,10 @@ impl Config {
     ///   - Location specified by the path parameter if provided
     ///   - `$TREE_SITTER_DIR/config.json`, if the `TREE_SITTER_DIR` environment variable is set
     ///   - `tree-sitter/config.json` in your default user configuration directory, as determined by
-    ///     [`etcetera::choose_base_strategy`](https://docs.rs/etcetera/*/etcetera/#basestrategy)
+    ///     [`dirs::config_dir`](https://docs.rs/dirs/*/dirs/fn.config_dir.html)
     ///   - `$HOME/.tree-sitter/config.json` as a fallback from where tree-sitter _used_ to store
     ///     its configuration
-    pub fn load(path: Option<PathBuf>) -> ConfigResult<Self> {
+    pub fn load(path: Option<PathBuf>) -> Result<Self> {
         let location = if let Some(path) = path {
             path
         } else if let Some(path) = Self::find_config_file()? {
@@ -140,9 +76,9 @@ impl Config {
         };
 
         let content = fs::read_to_string(&location)
-            .map_err(|e| ConfigError::IO(IoError::new(e, Some(location.as_path()))))?;
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read {}", &location.to_string_lossy()))?;
         let config = serde_json::from_str(&content)
-            .map_err(|e| ConfigError::ConfigRead(location.to_string_lossy().to_string(), e))?;
+            .with_context(|| format!("Bad JSON config {}", &location.to_string_lossy()))?;
         Ok(Self { location, config })
     }
 
@@ -152,7 +88,7 @@ impl Config {
     /// disk.
     ///
     /// (Note that this is typically only done by the `tree-sitter init-config` command.)
-    pub fn initial() -> ConfigResult<Self> {
+    pub fn initial() -> Result<Self> {
         let location = if let Ok(path) = env::var("TREE_SITTER_DIR") {
             let mut path = PathBuf::from(path);
             path.push("config.json");
@@ -165,20 +101,17 @@ impl Config {
     }
 
     /// Saves this configuration to the file that it was originally loaded from.
-    pub fn save(&self) -> ConfigResult<()> {
+    pub fn save(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&self.config)?;
-        let config_dir = self.location.parent().unwrap();
+        fs::create_dir_all(self.location.parent().unwrap())?;
-        fs::create_dir_all(config_dir)
+        fs::write(&self.location, json)?;
-            .map_err(|e| ConfigError::IO(IoError::new(e, Some(config_dir))))?;
-        fs::write(&self.location, json)
-            .map_err(|e| ConfigError::IO(IoError::new(e, Some(self.location.as_path()))))?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Parses a component-specific configuration from the configuration file.  The type `C` must
     /// be [deserializable](https://docs.rs/serde/*/serde/trait.Deserialize.html) from a JSON
     /// object, and must only include the fields relevant to that component.
-    pub fn get<C>(&self) -> ConfigResult<C>
+    pub fn get<C>(&self) -> Result<C>
     where
         C: for<'de> Deserialize<'de>,
     {
@@ -189,7 +122,7 @@ impl Config {
     /// Adds a component-specific configuration to the configuration file.  The type `C` must be
     /// [serializable](https://docs.rs/serde/*/serde/trait.Serialize.html) into a JSON object, and
     /// must only include the fields relevant to that component.
-    pub fn add<C>(&mut self, config: C) -> ConfigResult<()>
+    pub fn add<C>(&mut self, config: C) -> Result<()>
     where
         C: Serialize,
     {

cli/eslint/package-lock.json

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "eslint-config-treesitter",
-  "version": "1.0.2",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "eslint-config-treesitter",
-      "version": "1.0.2",
+      "version": "1.0.0",
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "eslint-plugin-jsdoc": "^50.2.4"
@@ -128,9 +128,10 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@eslint/plugin-kit": {
-      "version": "0.2.3",
+      "version": "0.2.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/plugin-kit/-/plugin-kit-0.2.3.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@eslint/plugin-kit/-/plugin-kit-0.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-2b/g5hRmpbb1o4GnTZax9N9m0FXzz9OV42ZzI4rDDMDuHUqigAiQCEWChBWCY4ztAGVRjoWT19v0yMmc5/L5kA==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-vH9PiIMMwvhCx31Af3HiGzsVNULDbyVkHXwlemn/B0TFj/00ho3y55efXrUZTfQipxoHC5u4xq6zblww1zm1Ig==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "levn": "^0.4.1"
@@ -305,9 +306,9 @@
       "peer": true
     },
     "node_modules/brace-expansion": {
-      "version": "1.1.12",
+      "version": "1.1.11",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.12.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/brace-expansion/-/brace-expansion-1.1.11.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-9T9UjW3r0UW5c1Q7GTwllptXwhvYmEzFhzMfZ9H7FQWt+uZePjZPjBP/W1ZEyZ1twGWom5/56TF4lPcqjnDHcg==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iCuPHDFgrHX7H2vEI/5xpz07zSHB00TpugqhmYtVmMO6518mCuRMoOYFldEBl0g187ufozdaHgWKcYFb61qGiA==",
       "license": "MIT",
       "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
@@ -379,9 +380,10 @@
       "peer": true
     },
     "node_modules/cross-spawn": {
-      "version": "7.0.5",
+      "version": "7.0.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.5.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ZVJrKKYunU38/76t0RMOulHOnUcbU9GbpWKAOZ0mhjr7CX6FVrH+4FrAapSOekrgFQ3f/8gwMEuIft0aKq6Hug==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iRDPJKUPVEND7dHPO8rkbOnPpyDygcDFtWjpeWNCgy8WP2rXcxXL8TskReQl6OrB2G7+UJrags1q15Fudc7G6w==",
+      "license": "MIT",
       "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "path-key": "^3.1.0",
@@ -805,9 +807,9 @@
       "peer": true
     },
     "node_modules/js-yaml": {
-      "version": "4.1.1",
+      "version": "4.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/js-yaml/-/js-yaml-4.1.1.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/js-yaml/-/js-yaml-4.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-qQKT4zQxXl8lLwBtHMWwaTcGfFOZviOJet3Oy/xmGk2gZH677CJM9EvtfdSkgWcATZhj/55JZ0rmy3myCT5lsA==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-wpxZs9NoxZaJESJGIZTyDEaYpl0FKSA+FB9aJiyemKhMwkxQg63h4T1KJgUGHpTqPDNRcmmYLugrRjJlBtWvRA==",
       "license": "MIT",
       "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {

cli/eslint/package.json

@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
   "description": "Eslint configuration for Tree-sitter grammar files",
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
-    "url": "git+https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter.git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter.git"
-    "directory": "crates/cli/eslint"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
   "author": "Amaan Qureshi <amaanq12@gmail.com>",
@@ -21,9 +20,5 @@
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "eslint": ">= 9"
-  },
-  "scripts": {
-    "prepack": "cp ../../../LICENSE .",
-    "postpack": "rm LICENSE"
   }
 }

cli/loader/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,40 +8,30 @@ rust-version.workspace = true
 readme = "README.md"
 homepage.workspace = true
 repository.workspace = true
-documentation = "https://docs.rs/tree-sitter-loader"
 license.workspace = true
 keywords.workspace = true
 categories.workspace = true
 
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-all-features = true
-rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
-
-[lib]
-path = "src/loader.rs"
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
 [features]
 wasm = ["tree-sitter/wasm"]
+# TODO: For backward compatibility these must be enabled by default,
+# consider removing for the next semver incompatible release
 default = ["tree-sitter-highlight", "tree-sitter-tags"]
 
 [dependencies]
+anyhow.workspace = true
 cc.workspace = true
-etcetera.workspace = true
+dirs.workspace = true
 fs4.workspace = true
 indoc.workspace = true
 libloading.workspace = true
-log.workspace = true
 once_cell.workspace = true
+path-slash.workspace = true
 regex.workspace = true
-semver.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
 tempfile.workspace = true
-thiserror.workspace = true
 
-tree-sitter = { workspace = true }
+tree-sitter = {workspace = true}
-tree-sitter-highlight = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+tree-sitter-highlight = {workspace = true, optional = true}
-tree-sitter-tags = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+tree-sitter-tags = {workspace = true, optional = true}

cli/loader/build.rs

@@ -7,4 +7,7 @@ fn main() {
         "cargo:rustc-env=BUILD_HOST={}",
         std::env::var("HOST").unwrap()
     );
+
+    let emscripten_version = std::fs::read_to_string("emscripten-version").unwrap();
+    println!("cargo:rustc-env=EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION={emscripten_version}");
 }

cli/loader/emscripten-version

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3.1.64

cli/npm/dsl.d.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ type PrecRightRule = { type: 'PREC_RIGHT'; content: Rule; value: number };
 type PrecRule = { type: 'PREC'; content: Rule; value: number };
 type Repeat1Rule = { type: 'REPEAT1'; content: Rule };
 type RepeatRule = { type: 'REPEAT'; content: Rule };
-type ReservedRule = { type: 'RESERVED'; content: Rule; context_name: string };
 type SeqRule = { type: 'SEQ'; members: Rule[] };
 type StringRule = { type: 'STRING'; value: string };
 type SymbolRule<Name extends string> = { type: 'SYMBOL'; name: Name };
@@ -29,19 +28,12 @@ type Rule =
   | PrecRule
   | Repeat1Rule
   | RepeatRule
-  | ReservedRule
   | SeqRule
   | StringRule
   | SymbolRule<string>
   | TokenRule;
 
-declare class RustRegex {
+type RuleOrLiteral = Rule | RegExp | string;
-  value: string;
-
-  constructor(pattern: string);
-}
-
-type RuleOrLiteral = Rule | RegExp | RustRegex | string;
 
 type GrammarSymbols<RuleName extends string> = {
   [name in RuleName]: SymbolRule<name>;
@@ -50,7 +42,7 @@ type GrammarSymbols<RuleName extends string> = {
 
 type RuleBuilder<RuleName extends string> = (
   $: GrammarSymbols<RuleName>,
-  previous?: Rule,
+  previous: Rule,
 ) => RuleOrLiteral;
 
 type RuleBuilders<
@@ -113,7 +105,7 @@ interface Grammar<
    * @param $ grammar rules
    * @param previous array of externals from the base schema, if any
    *
-   * @see https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/creating-parsers/4-external-scanners
+   * @see https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/creating-parsers#external-scanners
    */
   externals?: (
     $: Record<string, SymbolRule<string>>,
@@ -151,7 +143,7 @@ interface Grammar<
    *
    * @param $ grammar rules
    *
-   * @see https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/using-parsers/6-static-node-types
+   * @see https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/using-parsers#static-node-types
    */
   supertypes?: (
     $: GrammarSymbols<RuleName | BaseGrammarRuleName>,
@@ -164,20 +156,9 @@ interface Grammar<
    *
    * @param $ grammar rules
    *
-   * @see https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/creating-parsers/3-writing-the-grammar#keyword-extraction
+   * @see https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/creating-parsers#keyword-extraction
    */
   word?: ($: GrammarSymbols<RuleName | BaseGrammarRuleName>) => RuleOrLiteral;
-
-
-  /**
-   * Mapping of names to reserved word sets. The first reserved word set is the
-   * global word set, meaning it applies to every rule in every parse state.
-   * The other word sets can be used with the `reserved` function.
-   */
-  reserved?: Record<
-    string,
-    ($: GrammarSymbols<RuleName | BaseGrammarRuleName>) => RuleOrLiteral[]
-  >;
 }
 
 type GrammarSchema<RuleName extends string> = {
@@ -262,7 +243,7 @@ declare function optional(rule: RuleOrLiteral): ChoiceRule;
  * @see https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19504-01/802-5880/6i9k05dh3/index.html
  */
 declare const prec: {
-  (value: string | number, rule: RuleOrLiteral): PrecRule;
+  (value: String | number, rule: RuleOrLiteral): PrecRule;
 
   /**
    * Marks the given rule as left-associative (and optionally applies a
@@ -278,7 +259,7 @@ declare const prec: {
    * @see https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19504-01/802-5880/6i9k05dh3/index.html
    */
   left(rule: RuleOrLiteral): PrecLeftRule;
-  left(value: string | number, rule: RuleOrLiteral): PrecLeftRule;
+  left(value: String | number, rule: RuleOrLiteral): PrecLeftRule;
 
   /**
    * Marks the given rule as right-associative (and optionally applies a
@@ -294,7 +275,7 @@ declare const prec: {
    * @see https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19504-01/802-5880/6i9k05dh3/index.html
    */
   right(rule: RuleOrLiteral): PrecRightRule;
-  right(value: string | number, rule: RuleOrLiteral): PrecRightRule;
+  right(value: String | number, rule: RuleOrLiteral): PrecRightRule;
 
   /**
    * Marks the given rule with a numerical precedence which will be used to
@@ -311,7 +292,7 @@ declare const prec: {
    *
    * @see https://www.gnu.org/software/bison/manual/html_node/Generalized-LR-Parsing.html
    */
-  dynamic(value: string | number, rule: RuleOrLiteral): PrecDynamicRule;
+  dynamic(value: String | number, rule: RuleOrLiteral): PrecDynamicRule;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -331,15 +312,6 @@ declare function repeat(rule: RuleOrLiteral): RepeatRule;
  */
 declare function repeat1(rule: RuleOrLiteral): Repeat1Rule;
 
-/**
- * Overrides the global reserved word set for a given rule. The word set name
- * should be defined in the `reserved` field in the grammar.
- *
- * @param wordset name of the reserved word set
- * @param rule rule that will use the reserved word set
- */
-declare function reserved(wordset: string, rule: RuleOrLiteral): ReservedRule;
-
 /**
  * Creates a rule that matches any number of other rules, one after another.
  * It is analogous to simply writing multiple symbols next to each other
@@ -358,7 +330,7 @@ declare function sym<Name extends string>(name: Name): SymbolRule<Name>;
 
 /**
  * Marks the given rule as producing only a single token. Tree-sitter's
- * default is to treat each string or RegExp literal in the grammar as a
+ * default is to treat each String or RegExp literal in the grammar as a
  * separate token. Each token is matched separately by the lexer and
  * returned as its own leaf node in the tree. The token function allows
  * you to express a complex rule using the DSL functions (rather

cli/npm/install.js

@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ const http = require('http');
 const https = require('https');
 const packageJSON = require('./package.json');
 
-https.globalAgent.keepAlive = false;
+// Look to a results table in https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/issues/2196
-
 const matrix = {
   platform: {
     'darwin': {

cli/npm/package.json

@@ -1,33 +1,24 @@
 {
   "name": "tree-sitter-cli",
-  "version": "0.27.0",
+  "version": "0.23.0",
-  "author": {
+  "author": "Max Brunsfeld",
-    "name": "Max Brunsfeld",
-    "email": "maxbrunsfeld@gmail.com"
-  },
-  "maintainers": [
-    {
-      "name": "Amaan Qureshi",
-      "email": "amaanq12@gmail.com"
-    }
-  ],
   "license": "MIT",
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
-    "url": "git+https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter.git",
+    "url": "https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter.git"
-    "directory": "crates/cli/npm"
   },
   "description": "CLI for generating fast incremental parsers",
   "keywords": [
     "parser",
     "lexer"
   ],
+  "main": "lib/api/index.js",
   "engines": {
     "node": ">=12.0.0"
   },
   "scripts": {
     "install": "node install.js",
-    "prepack": "cp ../../../LICENSE ../README.md .",
+    "prepack": "cp ../../LICENSE ../README.md .",
     "postpack": "rm LICENSE README.md"
   },
   "bin": {

cli/src/fuzz/allocations.rs

@@ -40,11 +40,7 @@ extern "C" {
     fn free(ptr: *mut c_void);
 }
 
-pub fn record<T>(f: impl FnOnce() -> T) -> T {
+pub fn record<T>(f: impl FnOnce() -> T) -> Result<T, String> {
-    record_checked(f).unwrap()
-}
-
-pub fn record_checked<T>(f: impl FnOnce() -> T) -> Result<T, String> {
     RECORDER.with(|recorder| {
         recorder.enabled.store(true, SeqCst);
         recorder.allocation_count.store(0, SeqCst);
@@ -97,49 +93,30 @@ fn record_dealloc(ptr: *mut c_void) {
     });
 }
 
-/// # Safety
+unsafe extern "C" fn ts_record_malloc(size: usize) -> *mut c_void {
-///
-/// The caller must ensure that the returned pointer is eventually
-/// freed by calling `ts_record_free`.
-#[must_use]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn ts_record_malloc(size: usize) -> *mut c_void {
     let result = malloc(size);
     record_alloc(result);
     result
 }
 
-/// # Safety
+unsafe extern "C" fn ts_record_calloc(count: usize, size: usize) -> *mut c_void {
-///
-/// The caller must ensure that the returned pointer is eventually
-/// freed by calling `ts_record_free`.
-#[must_use]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn ts_record_calloc(count: usize, size: usize) -> *mut c_void {
     let result = calloc(count, size);
     record_alloc(result);
     result
 }
 
-/// # Safety
+unsafe extern "C" fn ts_record_realloc(ptr: *mut c_void, size: usize) -> *mut c_void {
-///
-/// The caller must ensure that the returned pointer is eventually
-/// freed by calling `ts_record_free`.
-#[must_use]
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn ts_record_realloc(ptr: *mut c_void, size: usize) -> *mut c_void {
     let result = realloc(ptr, size);
     if ptr.is_null() {
         record_alloc(result);
-    } else if !core::ptr::eq(ptr, result) {
+    } else if ptr != result {
         record_dealloc(ptr);
         record_alloc(result);
     }
     result
 }
 
-/// # Safety
+unsafe extern "C" fn ts_record_free(ptr: *mut c_void) {
-///
-/// The caller must ensure that `ptr` was allocated by a previous call
-/// to `ts_record_malloc`, `ts_record_calloc`, or `ts_record_realloc`.
-pub unsafe extern "C" fn ts_record_free(ptr: *mut c_void) {
     record_dealloc(ptr);
     free(ptr);
 }

cli/src/fuzz/corpus_test.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub fn check_consistent_sizes(tree: &Tree, input: &[u8]) {
         let mut some_child_has_changes = false;
         let mut actual_named_child_count = 0;
         for i in 0..node.child_count() {
-            let child = node.child(i as u32).unwrap();
+            let child = node.child(i).unwrap();
             assert!(child.start_byte() >= last_child_end_byte);
             assert!(child.start_position() >= last_child_end_point);
             check(child, line_offsets);

cli/src/fuzz/mod.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
-use std::{
+use std::{collections::HashMap, env, fs, path::Path};
-    collections::HashMap,
-    env, fs,
-    path::{Path, PathBuf},
-    sync::LazyLock,
-};
 
-use log::{error, info};
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use rand::Rng;
 use regex::Regex;
 use tree_sitter::{Language, Parser};
@@ -25,30 +20,19 @@ use crate::{
         random::Rand,
     },
     parse::perform_edit,
-    test::{parse_tests, strip_sexp_fields, DiffKey, TestDiff, TestEntry},
+    test::{parse_tests, print_diff, print_diff_key, strip_sexp_fields, TestEntry},
 };
 
-pub static LOG_ENABLED: LazyLock<bool> = LazyLock::new(|| env::var("TREE_SITTER_LOG").is_ok());
+lazy_static! {
-
+    pub static ref LOG_ENABLED: bool = env::var("TREE_SITTER_LOG").is_ok();
-pub static LOG_GRAPH_ENABLED: LazyLock<bool> =
+    pub static ref LOG_GRAPH_ENABLED: bool = env::var("TREE_SITTER_LOG_GRAPHS").is_ok();
-    LazyLock::new(|| env::var("TREE_SITTER_LOG_GRAPHS").is_ok());
+    pub static ref LANGUAGE_FILTER: Option<String> = env::var("TREE_SITTER_LANGUAGE").ok();
-
+    pub static ref EXAMPLE_INCLUDE: Option<Regex> = regex_env_var("TREE_SITTER_EXAMPLE_INCLUDE");
-pub static LANGUAGE_FILTER: LazyLock<Option<String>> =
+    pub static ref EXAMPLE_EXCLUDE: Option<Regex> = regex_env_var("TREE_SITTER_EXAMPLE_EXCLUDE");
-    LazyLock::new(|| env::var("TREE_SITTER_LANGUAGE").ok());
+    pub static ref START_SEED: usize = new_seed();
-
+    pub static ref EDIT_COUNT: usize = int_env_var("TREE_SITTER_EDITS").unwrap_or(3);
-pub static EXAMPLE_INCLUDE: LazyLock<Option<Regex>> =
+    pub static ref ITERATION_COUNT: usize = int_env_var("TREE_SITTER_ITERATIONS").unwrap_or(10);
-    LazyLock::new(|| regex_env_var("TREE_SITTER_EXAMPLE_INCLUDE"));
+}
-
-pub static EXAMPLE_EXCLUDE: LazyLock<Option<Regex>> =
-    LazyLock::new(|| regex_env_var("TREE_SITTER_EXAMPLE_EXCLUDE"));
-
-pub static START_SEED: LazyLock<usize> = LazyLock::new(new_seed);
-
-pub static EDIT_COUNT: LazyLock<usize> =
-    LazyLock::new(|| int_env_var("TREE_SITTER_EDITS").unwrap_or(3));
-
-pub static ITERATION_COUNT: LazyLock<usize> =
-    LazyLock::new(|| int_env_var("TREE_SITTER_ITERATIONS").unwrap_or(10));
 
 fn int_env_var(name: &'static str) -> Option<usize> {
     env::var(name).ok().and_then(|e| e.parse().ok())
@@ -62,15 +46,13 @@ fn regex_env_var(name: &'static str) -> Option<Regex> {
 pub fn new_seed() -> usize {
     int_env_var("TREE_SITTER_SEED").unwrap_or_else(|| {
         let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
-        let seed = rng.gen::<usize>();
+        rng.gen::<usize>()
-        info!("Seed: {seed}");
-        seed
     })
 }
 
 pub struct FuzzOptions {
     pub skipped: Option<Vec<String>>,
-    pub subdir: Option<PathBuf>,
+    pub subdir: Option<String>,
     pub edits: usize,
     pub iterations: usize,
     pub include: Option<Regex>,
@@ -109,12 +91,12 @@ pub fn fuzz_language_corpus(
     let corpus_dir = grammar_dir.join(subdir).join("test").join("corpus");
 
     if !corpus_dir.exists() || !corpus_dir.is_dir() {
-        error!("No corpus directory found, ensure that you have a `test/corpus` directory in your grammar directory with at least one test file.");
+        eprintln!("No corpus directory found, ensure that you have a `test/corpus` directory in your grammar directory with at least one test file.");
         return;
     }
 
     if std::fs::read_dir(&corpus_dir).unwrap().count() == 0 {
-        error!("No corpus files found in `test/corpus`, ensure that you have at least one test file in your corpus directory.");
+        eprintln!("No corpus files found in `test/corpus`, ensure that you have at least one test file in your corpus directory.");
         return;
     }
 
@@ -150,7 +132,7 @@ pub fn fuzz_language_corpus(
     let dump_edits = env::var("TREE_SITTER_DUMP_EDITS").is_ok();
 
     if log_seed {
-        info!("  start seed: {start_seed}");
+        println!("  start seed: {start_seed}");
     }
 
     println!();
@@ -164,7 +146,7 @@ pub fn fuzz_language_corpus(
 
         println!("  {test_index}. {test_name}");
 
-        let passed = allocations::record_checked(|| {
+        let passed = allocations::record(|| {
             let mut log_session = None;
             let mut parser = get_parser(&mut log_session, "log.html");
             parser.set_language(language).unwrap();
@@ -183,8 +165,8 @@ pub fn fuzz_language_corpus(
 
             if actual_output != test.output {
                 println!("Incorrect initial parse for {test_name}");
-                DiffKey::print();
+                print_diff_key();
-                println!("{}", TestDiff::new(&actual_output, &test.output));
+                print_diff(&actual_output, &test.output, true);
                 println!();
                 return false;
             }
@@ -192,7 +174,7 @@ pub fn fuzz_language_corpus(
             true
         })
         .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-            error!("{e}");
+            eprintln!("Error: {e}");
             false
         });
 
@@ -208,7 +190,7 @@ pub fn fuzz_language_corpus(
 
         for trial in 0..options.iterations {
             let seed = start_seed + trial;
-            let passed = allocations::record_checked(|| {
+            let passed = allocations::record(|| {
                 let mut rand = Rand::new(seed);
                 let mut log_session = None;
                 let mut parser = get_parser(&mut log_session, "log.html");
@@ -217,20 +199,19 @@ pub fn fuzz_language_corpus(
                 let mut input = test.input.clone();
 
                 if options.log_graphs {
-                    info!("{}\n", String::from_utf8_lossy(&input));
+                    eprintln!("{}\n", String::from_utf8_lossy(&input));
                 }
 
                 // Perform a random series of edits and reparse.
-                let edit_count = rand.unsigned(*EDIT_COUNT);
+                let mut undo_stack = Vec::new();
-                let mut undo_stack = Vec::with_capacity(edit_count);
+                for _ in 0..=rand.unsigned(*EDIT_COUNT) {
-                for _ in 0..=edit_count {
                     let edit = get_random_edit(&mut rand, &input);
                     undo_stack.push(invert_edit(&input, &edit));
                     perform_edit(&mut tree, &mut input, &edit).unwrap();
                 }
 
                 if log_seed {
-                    info!("   {test_index}.{trial:<2} seed: {seed}");
+                    println!("   {test_index}.{trial:<2} seed: {seed}");
                 }
 
                 if dump_edits {
@@ -244,7 +225,7 @@ pub fn fuzz_language_corpus(
                 }
 
                 if options.log_graphs {
-                    info!("{}\n", String::from_utf8_lossy(&input));
+                    eprintln!("{}\n", String::from_utf8_lossy(&input));
                 }
 
                 set_included_ranges(&mut parser, &input, test.template_delimiters);
@@ -253,7 +234,7 @@ pub fn fuzz_language_corpus(
                 // Check that the new tree is consistent.
                 check_consistent_sizes(&tree2, &input);
                 if let Err(message) = check_changed_ranges(&tree, &tree2, &input) {
-                    error!("\nUnexpected scope change in seed {seed} with start seed {start_seed}\n{message}\n\n",);
+                    println!("\nUnexpected scope change in seed {seed} with start seed {start_seed}\n{message}\n\n",);
                     return false;
                 }
 
@@ -262,7 +243,7 @@ pub fn fuzz_language_corpus(
                     perform_edit(&mut tree2, &mut input, &edit).unwrap();
                 }
                 if options.log_graphs {
-                    info!("{}\n", String::from_utf8_lossy(&input));
+                    eprintln!("{}\n", String::from_utf8_lossy(&input));
                 }
 
                 set_included_ranges(&mut parser, &test.input, test.template_delimiters);
@@ -276,8 +257,8 @@ pub fn fuzz_language_corpus(
 
                 if actual_output != test.output && !test.error {
                     println!("Incorrect parse for {test_name} - seed {seed}");
-                    DiffKey::print();
+                    print_diff_key();
-                    println!("{}", TestDiff::new(&actual_output, &test.output));
+                    print_diff(&actual_output, &test.output, true);
                     println!();
                     return false;
                 }
@@ -285,13 +266,13 @@ pub fn fuzz_language_corpus(
                 // Check that the edited tree is consistent.
                 check_consistent_sizes(&tree3, &input);
                 if let Err(message) = check_changed_ranges(&tree2, &tree3, &input) {
-                    error!("Unexpected scope change in seed {seed} with start seed {start_seed}\n{message}\n\n");
+                    println!("Unexpected scope change in seed {seed} with start seed {start_seed}\n{message}\n\n");
                     return false;
                 }
 
                 true
             }).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-                error!("{e}");
+                eprintln!("Error: {e}");
                 false
             });
 
@@ -303,17 +284,17 @@ pub fn fuzz_language_corpus(
     }
 
     if failure_count != 0 {
-        info!("{failure_count} {language_name} corpus tests failed fuzzing");
+        eprintln!("{failure_count} {language_name} corpus tests failed fuzzing");
     }
 
     skipped.retain(|_, v| *v == 0);
 
     if !skipped.is_empty() {
-        info!("Non matchable skip definitions:");
+        println!("Non matchable skip definitions:");
         for k in skipped.keys() {
-            info!("  {k}");
+            println!("  {k}");
         }
-        panic!("Non matchable skip definitions need to be removed");
+        panic!("Non matchable skip definitions needs to be removed");
     }
 }
 

cli/src/fuzz/random.rs

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ impl Rand {
     }
 
     pub fn words(&mut self, max_count: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut result = Vec::new();
         let word_count = self.unsigned(max_count);
-        let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(2 * word_count);
         for i in 0..word_count {
             if i > 0 {
                 if self.unsigned(5) == 0 {

cli/src/generate/build_tables/build_lex_table.rs

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ use std::{
     mem,
 };
 
-use log::debug;
+use log::info;
 
 use super::{coincident_tokens::CoincidentTokenIndex, token_conflicts::TokenConflictMap};
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
     dedup::split_state_id_groups,
     grammars::{LexicalGrammar, SyntaxGrammar},
     nfa::{CharacterSet, NfaCursor},
+    prepare_grammar::symbol_is_used,
     rules::{Symbol, TokenSet},
     tables::{AdvanceAction, LexState, LexTable, ParseStateId, ParseTable},
 };
@@ -43,17 +44,15 @@ pub fn build_lex_table(
         let tokens = state
             .terminal_entries
             .keys()
-            .copied()
-            .chain(state.reserved_words.iter())
             .filter_map(|token| {
                 if token.is_terminal() {
-                    if keywords.contains(&token) {
+                    if keywords.contains(token) {
                         syntax_grammar.word_token
                     } else {
-                        Some(token)
+                        Some(*token)
                     }
                 } else if token.is_eof() {
-                    Some(token)
+                    Some(*token)
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
@@ -95,6 +94,9 @@ pub fn build_lex_table(
     let mut large_character_sets = Vec::new();
     for (variable_ix, _variable) in lexical_grammar.variables.iter().enumerate() {
         let symbol = Symbol::terminal(variable_ix);
+        if !symbol_is_used(&syntax_grammar.variables, symbol) {
+            continue;
+        }
         builder.reset();
         builder.add_state_for_tokens(&TokenSet::from_iter([symbol]));
         for state in &builder.table.states {
@@ -176,8 +178,9 @@ impl<'a> LexTableBuilder<'a> {
         let (state_id, is_new) = self.add_state(nfa_states, eof_valid);
 
         if is_new {
-            debug!(
+            info!(
-                "entry point state: {state_id}, tokens: {:?}",
+                "entry point state: {}, tokens: {:?}",
+                state_id,
                 tokens
                     .iter()
                     .map(|t| &self.lexical_grammar.variables[t.index].name)
@@ -358,7 +361,9 @@ fn minimize_lex_table(table: &mut LexTable, parse_table: &mut ParseTable) {
         &mut group_ids_by_state_id,
         1,
         lex_states_differ,
-    ) {}
+    ) {
+        continue;
+    }
 
     let mut new_states = Vec::with_capacity(state_ids_by_group_id.len());
     for state_ids in &state_ids_by_group_id {

cli/src/generate/build_tables/build_parse_table.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 use std::{
     cmp::Ordering,
-    collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque},
+    collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque},
+    fmt::Write,
     hash::BuildHasherDefault,
 };
 
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use indexmap::{map::Entry, IndexMap};
-use log::warn;
 use rustc_hash::FxHasher;
-use serde::Serialize;
-use thiserror::Error;
 
 use super::{
-    item::{ParseItem, ParseItemSet, ParseItemSetCore, ParseItemSetEntry},
+    item::{ParseItem, ParseItemSet, ParseItemSetCore},
     item_set_builder::ParseItemSetBuilder,
 };
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
-    grammars::{LexicalGrammar, PrecedenceEntry, ReservedWordSetId, SyntaxGrammar, VariableType},
+    grammars::{
+        InlinedProductionMap, LexicalGrammar, PrecedenceEntry, SyntaxGrammar, VariableType,
+    },
     node_types::VariableInfo,
     rules::{Associativity, Precedence, Symbol, SymbolType, TokenSet},
     tables::{
@@ -65,208 +66,8 @@ struct ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
     parse_table: ParseTable,
 }
 
-pub type BuildTableResult<T> = Result<T, ParseTableBuilderError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub enum ParseTableBuilderError {
-    #[error("Unresolved conflict for symbol sequence:\n\n{0}")]
-    Conflict(#[from] ConflictError),
-    #[error("Extra rules must have unambiguous endings. Conflicting rules: {0}")]
-    AmbiguousExtra(#[from] AmbiguousExtraError),
-    #[error(
-        "The non-terminal rule `{0}` is used in a non-terminal `extra` rule, which is not allowed."
-    )]
-    ImproperNonTerminalExtra(String),
-    #[error("State count `{0}` exceeds the max value {max}.", max=u16::MAX)]
-    StateCount(usize),
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Error)]
-pub struct ConflictError {
-    pub symbol_sequence: Vec<String>,
-    pub conflicting_lookahead: String,
-    pub possible_interpretations: Vec<Interpretation>,
-    pub possible_resolutions: Vec<Resolution>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Error)]
-pub struct Interpretation {
-    pub preceding_symbols: Vec<String>,
-    pub variable_name: String,
-    pub production_step_symbols: Vec<String>,
-    pub step_index: u32,
-    pub done: bool,
-    pub conflicting_lookahead: String,
-    pub precedence: Option<String>,
-    pub associativity: Option<String>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
-pub enum Resolution {
-    Precedence { symbols: Vec<String> },
-    Associativity { symbols: Vec<String> },
-    AddConflict { symbols: Vec<String> },
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Error)]
-pub struct AmbiguousExtraError {
-    pub parent_symbols: Vec<String>,
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for ConflictError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        for symbol in &self.symbol_sequence {
-            write!(f, "  {symbol}")?;
-        }
-        writeln!(f, "  •  {}  …\n", self.conflicting_lookahead)?;
-
-        writeln!(f, "Possible interpretations:\n")?;
-        let mut interpretations = self
-            .possible_interpretations
-            .iter()
-            .map(|i| {
-                let line = i.to_string();
-                let prec_line = if let (Some(precedence), Some(associativity)) =
-                    (&i.precedence, &i.associativity)
-                {
-                    Some(format!(
-                        "(precedence: {precedence}, associativity: {associativity})",
-                    ))
-                } else {
-                    i.precedence
-                        .as_ref()
-                        .map(|precedence| format!("(precedence: {precedence})"))
-                };
-
-                (line, prec_line)
-            })
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let max_interpretation_length = interpretations
-            .iter()
-            .map(|i| i.0.chars().count())
-            .max()
-            .unwrap();
-        interpretations.sort_unstable();
-        for (i, (line, prec_suffix)) in interpretations.into_iter().enumerate() {
-            write!(f, "  {}:", i + 1).unwrap();
-            write!(f, "{line}")?;
-            if let Some(prec_suffix) = prec_suffix {
-                write!(
-                    f,
-                    "{:1$}",
-                    "",
-                    max_interpretation_length.saturating_sub(line.chars().count()) + 2
-                )?;
-                write!(f, "{prec_suffix}")?;
-            }
-            writeln!(f)?;
-        }
-
-        writeln!(f, "\nPossible resolutions:\n")?;
-        for (i, resolution) in self.possible_resolutions.iter().enumerate() {
-            writeln!(f, "  {}:  {resolution}", i + 1)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for Interpretation {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        for symbol in &self.preceding_symbols {
-            write!(f, "  {symbol}")?;
-        }
-        write!(f, "  ({}", self.variable_name)?;
-        for (i, symbol) in self.production_step_symbols.iter().enumerate() {
-            if i == self.step_index as usize {
-                write!(f, "  •")?;
-            }
-            write!(f, "  {symbol}")?;
-        }
-        write!(f, ")")?;
-        if self.done {
-            write!(f, "  •  {}  …", self.conflicting_lookahead)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for Resolution {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            Self::Precedence { symbols } => {
-                write!(f, "Specify a higher precedence in ")?;
-                for (i, symbol) in symbols.iter().enumerate() {
-                    if i > 0 {
-                        write!(f, " and ")?;
-                    }
-                    write!(f, "`{symbol}`")?;
-                }
-                write!(f, " than in the other rules.")?;
-            }
-            Self::Associativity { symbols } => {
-                write!(f, "Specify a left or right associativity in ")?;
-                for (i, symbol) in symbols.iter().enumerate() {
-                    if i > 0 {
-                        write!(f, ", ")?;
-                    }
-                    write!(f, "`{symbol}`")?;
-                }
-            }
-            Self::AddConflict { symbols } => {
-                write!(f, "Add a conflict for these rules: ")?;
-                for (i, symbol) in symbols.iter().enumerate() {
-                    if i > 0 {
-                        write!(f, ", ")?;
-                    }
-                    write!(f, "`{symbol}`")?;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for AmbiguousExtraError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        for (i, symbol) in self.parent_symbols.iter().enumerate() {
-            if i > 0 {
-                write!(f, ", ")?;
-            }
-            write!(f, "{symbol}")?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
 impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
-    fn new(
+    fn build(mut self) -> Result<(ParseTable, Vec<ParseStateInfo<'a>>)> {
-        syntax_grammar: &'a SyntaxGrammar,
-        lexical_grammar: &'a LexicalGrammar,
-        item_set_builder: ParseItemSetBuilder<'a>,
-        variable_info: &'a [VariableInfo],
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            syntax_grammar,
-            lexical_grammar,
-            item_set_builder,
-            variable_info,
-            non_terminal_extra_states: Vec::new(),
-            state_ids_by_item_set: IndexMap::default(),
-            core_ids_by_core: HashMap::new(),
-            parse_state_info_by_id: Vec::new(),
-            parse_state_queue: VecDeque::new(),
-            actual_conflicts: syntax_grammar.expected_conflicts.iter().cloned().collect(),
-            parse_table: ParseTable {
-                states: Vec::new(),
-                symbols: Vec::new(),
-                external_lex_states: Vec::new(),
-                production_infos: Vec::new(),
-                max_aliased_production_length: 1,
-            },
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn build(mut self) -> BuildTableResult<(ParseTable, Vec<ParseStateInfo<'a>>)> {
         // Ensure that the empty alias sequence has index 0.
         self.parse_table
             .production_infos
@@ -279,13 +80,10 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
         self.add_parse_state(
             &Vec::new(),
             &Vec::new(),
-            ParseItemSet {
+            ParseItemSet::with(std::iter::once((
-                entries: vec![ParseItemSetEntry {
+                ParseItem::start(),
-                    item: ParseItem::start(),
+                std::iter::once(&Symbol::end()).copied().collect(),
-                    lookaheads: std::iter::once(Symbol::end()).collect(),
+            ))),
-                    following_reserved_word_set: ReservedWordSetId::default(),
-                }],
-            },
         );
 
         // Compute the possible item sets for non-terminal extras.
@@ -301,35 +99,25 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
                 non_terminal_extra_item_sets_by_first_terminal
                     .entry(production.first_symbol().unwrap())
                     .or_insert_with(ParseItemSet::default)
-                    .insert(ParseItem {
+                    .insert(
-                        variable_index: extra_non_terminal.index as u32,
+                        ParseItem {
-                        production,
+                            variable_index: extra_non_terminal.index as u32,
-                        step_index: 1,
+                            production,
-                        has_preceding_inherited_fields: false,
+                            step_index: 1,
-                    })
+                            has_preceding_inherited_fields: false,
-                    .lookaheads
+                        },
-                    .insert(Symbol::end_of_nonterminal_extra());
+                        &std::iter::once(&Symbol::end_of_nonterminal_extra())
+                            .copied()
+                            .collect(),
+                    );
             }
         }
 
-        let non_terminal_sets_len = non_terminal_extra_item_sets_by_first_terminal.len();
-        self.non_terminal_extra_states
-            .reserve(non_terminal_sets_len);
-        self.parse_state_info_by_id.reserve(non_terminal_sets_len);
-        self.parse_table.states.reserve(non_terminal_sets_len);
-        self.parse_state_queue.reserve(non_terminal_sets_len);
         // Add a state for each starting terminal of a non-terminal extra rule.
         for (terminal, item_set) in non_terminal_extra_item_sets_by_first_terminal {
-            if terminal.is_non_terminal() {
+            self.non_terminal_extra_states
-                Err(ParseTableBuilderError::ImproperNonTerminalExtra(
+                .push((terminal, self.parse_table.states.len()));
-                    self.symbol_name(&terminal),
+            self.add_parse_state(&Vec::new(), &Vec::new(), item_set);
-                ))?;
-            }
-
-            // Add the parse state, and *then* push the terminal and the state id into the
-            // list of nonterminal extra states
-            let state_id = self.add_parse_state(&Vec::new(), &Vec::new(), item_set);
-            self.non_terminal_extra_states.push((terminal, state_id));
         }
 
         while let Some(entry) = self.parse_state_queue.pop_front() {
@@ -346,21 +134,17 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
         }
 
         if !self.actual_conflicts.is_empty() {
-            warn!(
+            println!("Warning: unnecessary conflicts");
-                "unnecessary conflicts:\n  {}",
+            for conflict in &self.actual_conflicts {
-                &self
+                println!(
-                    .actual_conflicts
+                    "  {}",
-                    .iter()
+                    conflict
-                    .map(|conflict| {
+                        .iter()
-                        conflict
+                        .map(|symbol| format!("`{}`", self.symbol_name(symbol)))
-                            .iter()
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                            .map(|symbol| format!("`{}`", self.symbol_name(symbol)))
+                        .join(", ")
-                            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                );
-                            .join(", ")
+            }
-                    })
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                    .join("\n  ")
-            );
         }
 
         Ok((self.parse_table, self.parse_state_info_by_id))
@@ -394,7 +178,6 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
                     external_lex_state_id: 0,
                     terminal_entries: IndexMap::default(),
                     nonterminal_entries: IndexMap::default(),
-                    reserved_words: TokenSet::default(),
                     core_id,
                 });
                 self.parse_state_queue.push_back(ParseStateQueueEntry {
@@ -413,7 +196,7 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
         mut preceding_auxiliary_symbols: AuxiliarySymbolSequence,
         state_id: ParseStateId,
         item_set: &ParseItemSet<'a>,
-    ) -> BuildTableResult<()> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         let mut terminal_successors = BTreeMap::new();
         let mut non_terminal_successors = BTreeMap::new();
         let mut lookaheads_with_conflicts = TokenSet::new();
@@ -421,18 +204,13 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
 
         // Each item in the item set contributes to either or a Shift action or a Reduce
         // action in this state.
-        for ParseItemSetEntry {
+        for (item, lookaheads) in &item_set.entries {
-            item,
-            lookaheads,
-            following_reserved_word_set: reserved_lookaheads,
-        } in &item_set.entries
-        {
             // If the item is unfinished, then this state has a transition for the item's
             // next symbol. Advance the item to its next step and insert the resulting
             // item into the successor item set.
             if let Some(next_symbol) = item.symbol() {
                 let mut successor = item.successor();
-                let successor_set = if next_symbol.is_non_terminal() {
+                if next_symbol.is_non_terminal() {
                     let variable = &self.syntax_grammar.variables[next_symbol.index];
 
                     // Keep track of where auxiliary non-terminals (repeat symbols) are
@@ -461,16 +239,13 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
                     non_terminal_successors
                         .entry(next_symbol)
                         .or_insert_with(ParseItemSet::default)
+                        .insert(successor, lookaheads);
                 } else {
                     terminal_successors
                         .entry(next_symbol)
                         .or_insert_with(ParseItemSet::default)
-                };
+                        .insert(successor, lookaheads);
-                let successor_entry = successor_set.insert(successor);
+                }
-                successor_entry.lookaheads.insert_all(lookaheads);
-                successor_entry.following_reserved_word_set = successor_entry
-                    .following_reserved_word_set
-                    .max(*reserved_lookaheads);
             }
             // If the item is finished, then add a Reduce action to this state based
             // on this item.
@@ -597,7 +372,7 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
             )?;
         }
 
-        // Add actions for the grammar's `extra` symbols.
+        // Finally, add actions for the grammar's `extra` symbols.
         let state = &mut self.parse_table.states[state_id];
         let is_end_of_non_terminal_extra = state.is_end_of_non_terminal_extra();
 
@@ -609,7 +384,7 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
                 let parent_symbols = item_set
                     .entries
                     .iter()
-                    .filter_map(|ParseItemSetEntry { item, .. }| {
+                    .filter_map(|(item, _)| {
                         if !item.is_augmented() && item.step_index > 0 {
                             Some(item.variable_index)
                         } else {
@@ -617,18 +392,15 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
                         }
                     })
                     .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-                let parent_symbol_names = parent_symbols
+                let mut message =
-                    .iter()
+                    "Extra rules must have unambiguous endings. Conflicting rules: ".to_string();
-                    .map(|&variable_index| {
+                for (i, variable_index) in parent_symbols.iter().enumerate() {
-                        self.syntax_grammar.variables[variable_index as usize]
+                    if i > 0 {
-                            .name
+                        message += ", ";
-                            .clone()
+                    }
-                    })
+                    message += &self.syntax_grammar.variables[*variable_index as usize].name;
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                }
-
+                return Err(anyhow!(message));
-                Err(AmbiguousExtraError {
-                    parent_symbols: parent_symbol_names,
-                })?;
             }
         }
         // Add actions for the start tokens of each non-terminal extra rule.
@@ -666,30 +438,6 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
             }
         }
 
-        if let Some(keyword_capture_token) = self.syntax_grammar.word_token {
-            let reserved_word_set_id = item_set
-                .entries
-                .iter()
-                .filter_map(|entry| {
-                    if let Some(next_step) = entry.item.step() {
-                        if next_step.symbol == keyword_capture_token {
-                            Some(next_step.reserved_word_set_id)
-                        } else {
-                            None
-                        }
-                    } else if entry.lookaheads.contains(&keyword_capture_token) {
-                        Some(entry.following_reserved_word_set)
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                })
-                .max();
-            if let Some(reserved_word_set_id) = reserved_word_set_id {
-                state.reserved_words =
-                    self.syntax_grammar.reserved_word_sets[reserved_word_set_id.0].clone();
-            }
-        }
-
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -701,7 +449,7 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
         preceding_auxiliary_symbols: &[AuxiliarySymbolInfo],
         conflicting_lookahead: Symbol,
         reduction_info: &ReductionInfo,
-    ) -> BuildTableResult<()> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         let entry = self.parse_table.states[state_id]
             .terminal_entries
             .get_mut(&conflicting_lookahead)
@@ -715,11 +463,8 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
         // precedence, and there can still be SHIFT/REDUCE conflicts.
         let mut considered_associativity = false;
         let mut shift_precedence = Vec::<(&Precedence, Symbol)>::new();
-        let mut conflicting_items = BTreeSet::new();
+        let mut conflicting_items = HashSet::new();
-        for ParseItemSetEntry {
+        for (item, lookaheads) in &item_set.entries {
-            item, lookaheads, ..
-        } in &item_set.entries
-        {
             if let Some(step) = item.step() {
                 if item.step_index > 0
                     && self
@@ -856,55 +601,93 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        let mut conflict_error = ConflictError::default();
+        let mut msg = "Unresolved conflict for symbol sequence:\n\n".to_string();
         for symbol in preceding_symbols {
-            conflict_error
+            write!(&mut msg, "  {}", self.symbol_name(symbol)).unwrap();
-                .symbol_sequence
-                .push(self.symbol_name(symbol));
         }
-        conflict_error.conflicting_lookahead = self.symbol_name(&conflicting_lookahead);
 
-        let interpretations = conflicting_items
+        writeln!(
+            &mut msg,
+            "  •  {}  …\n",
+            self.symbol_name(&conflicting_lookahead)
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        writeln!(&mut msg, "Possible interpretations:\n").unwrap();
+
+        let mut interpretations = conflicting_items
             .iter()
             .map(|item| {
-                let preceding_symbols = preceding_symbols
+                let mut line = String::new();
+                for preceding_symbol in preceding_symbols
                     .iter()
                     .take(preceding_symbols.len() - item.step_index as usize)
-                    .map(|symbol| self.symbol_name(symbol))
+                {
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                    write!(&mut line, "  {}", self.symbol_name(preceding_symbol)).unwrap();
+                }
 
-                let variable_name = self.syntax_grammar.variables[item.variable_index as usize]
+                write!(
-                    .name
+                    &mut line,
-                    .clone();
+                    "  ({}",
+                    &self.syntax_grammar.variables[item.variable_index as usize].name
+                )
+                .unwrap();
 
-                let production_step_symbols = item
+                for (j, step) in item.production.steps.iter().enumerate() {
-                    .production
+                    if j as u32 == item.step_index {
-                    .steps
+                        write!(&mut line, "  •").unwrap();
-                    .iter()
+                    }
-                    .map(|step| self.symbol_name(&step.symbol))
+                    write!(&mut line, "  {}", self.symbol_name(&step.symbol)).unwrap();
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                }
 
-                let precedence = match item.precedence() {
+                write!(&mut line, ")").unwrap();
-                    Precedence::None => None,
+
-                    _ => Some(item.precedence().to_string()),
+                if item.is_done() {
+                    write!(
+                        &mut line,
+                        "  •  {}  …",
+                        self.symbol_name(&conflicting_lookahead)
+                    )
+                    .unwrap();
+                }
+
+                let precedence = item.precedence();
+                let associativity = item.associativity();
+
+                let prec_line = if let Some(associativity) = associativity {
+                    Some(format!(
+                        "(precedence: {precedence}, associativity: {associativity:?})",
+                    ))
+                } else if !precedence.is_none() {
+                    Some(format!("(precedence: {precedence})"))
+                } else {
+                    None
                 };
 
-                let associativity = item.associativity().map(|assoc| format!("{assoc:?}"));
+                (line, prec_line)
-
-                Interpretation {
-                    preceding_symbols,
-                    variable_name,
-                    production_step_symbols,
-                    step_index: item.step_index,
-                    done: item.is_done(),
-                    conflicting_lookahead: self.symbol_name(&conflicting_lookahead),
-                    precedence,
-                    associativity,
-                }
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        conflict_error.possible_interpretations = interpretations;
 
+        let max_interpretation_length = interpretations
+            .iter()
+            .map(|i| i.0.chars().count())
+            .max()
+            .unwrap();
+        interpretations.sort_unstable();
+        for (i, (line, prec_suffix)) in interpretations.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            write!(&mut msg, "  {}:", i + 1).unwrap();
+            msg += &line;
+            if let Some(prec_suffix) = prec_suffix {
+                for _ in line.chars().count()..max_interpretation_length {
+                    msg.push(' ');
+                }
+                msg += "  ";
+                msg += &prec_suffix;
+            }
+            msg.push('\n');
+        }
+
+        let mut resolution_count = 0;
+        writeln!(&mut msg, "\nPossible resolutions:\n").unwrap();
         let mut shift_items = Vec::new();
         let mut reduce_items = Vec::new();
         for item in conflicting_items {
@@ -917,57 +700,76 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
         shift_items.sort_unstable();
         reduce_items.sort_unstable();
 
-        let get_rule_names = |items: &[&ParseItem]| -> Vec<String> {
+        let list_rule_names = |mut msg: &mut String, items: &[&ParseItem]| {
             let mut last_rule_id = None;
-            let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(items.len());
             for item in items {
                 if last_rule_id == Some(item.variable_index) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                last_rule_id = Some(item.variable_index);
-                result.push(self.symbol_name(&Symbol::non_terminal(item.variable_index as usize)));
-            }
 
-            result
+                if last_rule_id.is_some() {
+                    write!(&mut msg, " and").unwrap();
+                }
+
+                last_rule_id = Some(item.variable_index);
+                write!(
+                    msg,
+                    " `{}`",
+                    self.symbol_name(&Symbol::non_terminal(item.variable_index as usize))
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+            }
         };
 
         if actual_conflict.len() > 1 {
             if !shift_items.is_empty() {
-                let names = get_rule_names(&shift_items);
+                resolution_count += 1;
-                conflict_error
+                write!(
-                    .possible_resolutions
+                    &mut msg,
-                    .push(Resolution::Precedence { symbols: names });
+                    "  {resolution_count}:  Specify a higher precedence in",
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+                list_rule_names(&mut msg, &shift_items);
+                writeln!(&mut msg, " than in the other rules.").unwrap();
             }
 
             for item in &reduce_items {
-                let name = self.symbol_name(&Symbol::non_terminal(item.variable_index as usize));
+                resolution_count += 1;
-                conflict_error
+                writeln!(
-                    .possible_resolutions
+                    &mut msg,
-                    .push(Resolution::Precedence {
+                    "  {resolution_count}:  Specify a higher precedence in `{}` than in the other rules.",
-                        symbols: vec![name],
+                    self.symbol_name(&Symbol::non_terminal(item.variable_index as usize))
-                    });
+                )
+                .unwrap();
             }
         }
 
         if considered_associativity {
-            let names = get_rule_names(&reduce_items);
+            resolution_count += 1;
-            conflict_error
+            write!(
-                .possible_resolutions
+                &mut msg,
-                .push(Resolution::Associativity { symbols: names });
+                "  {resolution_count}:  Specify a left or right associativity in",
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            list_rule_names(&mut msg, &reduce_items);
+            writeln!(&mut msg).unwrap();
         }
 
-        conflict_error
+        resolution_count += 1;
-            .possible_resolutions
+        write!(
-            .push(Resolution::AddConflict {
+            &mut msg,
-                symbols: actual_conflict
+            "  {resolution_count}:  Add a conflict for these rules: ",
-                    .iter()
+        )
-                    .map(|s| self.symbol_name(s))
+        .unwrap();
-                    .collect(),
+        for (i, symbol) in actual_conflict.iter().enumerate() {
-            });
+            if i > 0 {
+                write!(&mut msg, ", ").unwrap();
+            }
+            write!(&mut msg, "`{}`", self.symbol_name(symbol)).unwrap();
+        }
+        writeln!(&mut msg).unwrap();
 
-        self.actual_conflicts.insert(actual_conflict);
+        Err(anyhow!(msg))
-
-        Err(conflict_error)?
     }
 
     fn compare_precedence(
@@ -1036,7 +838,7 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
         let parent_symbols = item_set
             .entries
             .iter()
-            .filter_map(|ParseItemSetEntry { item, .. }| {
+            .filter_map(|(item, _)| {
                 let variable_index = item.variable_index as usize;
                 if item.symbol() == Some(symbol)
                     && !self.syntax_grammar.variables[variable_index].is_auxiliary()
@@ -1124,24 +926,84 @@ impl<'a> ParseTableBuilder<'a> {
                 if variable.kind == VariableType::Named {
                     variable.name.clone()
                 } else {
-                    format!("'{}'", variable.name)
+                    format!("'{}'", &variable.name)
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
+fn populate_following_tokens(
+    result: &mut [TokenSet],
+    grammar: &SyntaxGrammar,
+    inlines: &InlinedProductionMap,
+    builder: &ParseItemSetBuilder,
+) {
+    let productions = grammar
+        .variables
+        .iter()
+        .flat_map(|v| &v.productions)
+        .chain(&inlines.productions);
+    let all_tokens = (0..result.len())
+        .map(Symbol::terminal)
+        .collect::<TokenSet>();
+    for production in productions {
+        for i in 1..production.steps.len() {
+            let left_tokens = builder.last_set(&production.steps[i - 1].symbol);
+            let right_tokens = builder.first_set(&production.steps[i].symbol);
+            for left_token in left_tokens.iter() {
+                if left_token.is_terminal() {
+                    result[left_token.index].insert_all_terminals(right_tokens);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    for extra in &grammar.extra_symbols {
+        if extra.is_terminal() {
+            for entry in result.iter_mut() {
+                entry.insert(*extra);
+            }
+            result[extra.index].clone_from(&all_tokens);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn build_parse_table<'a>(
     syntax_grammar: &'a SyntaxGrammar,
     lexical_grammar: &'a LexicalGrammar,
-    item_set_builder: ParseItemSetBuilder<'a>,
+    inlines: &'a InlinedProductionMap,
     variable_info: &'a [VariableInfo],
-) -> BuildTableResult<(ParseTable, Vec<ParseStateInfo<'a>>)> {
+) -> Result<(ParseTable, Vec<TokenSet>, Vec<ParseStateInfo<'a>>)> {
-    ParseTableBuilder::new(
+    let actual_conflicts = syntax_grammar.expected_conflicts.iter().cloned().collect();
+    let item_set_builder = ParseItemSetBuilder::new(syntax_grammar, lexical_grammar, inlines);
+    let mut following_tokens = vec![TokenSet::new(); lexical_grammar.variables.len()];
+    populate_following_tokens(
+        &mut following_tokens,
+        syntax_grammar,
+        inlines,
+        &item_set_builder,
+    );
+
+    let (table, item_sets) = ParseTableBuilder {
         syntax_grammar,
         lexical_grammar,
         item_set_builder,
         variable_info,
-    )
+        non_terminal_extra_states: Vec::new(),
-    .build()
+        actual_conflicts,
+        state_ids_by_item_set: IndexMap::default(),
+        core_ids_by_core: HashMap::new(),
+        parse_state_info_by_id: Vec::new(),
+        parse_state_queue: VecDeque::new(),
+        parse_table: ParseTable {
+            states: Vec::new(),
+            symbols: Vec::new(),
+            external_lex_states: Vec::new(),
+            production_infos: Vec::new(),
+            max_aliased_production_length: 1,
+        },
+    }
+    .build()?;
+
+    Ok((table, following_tokens, item_sets))
 }

cli/src/generate/build_tables/coincident_tokens.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::fmt;
 
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
     grammars::LexicalGrammar,
     rules::Symbol,
     tables::{ParseStateId, ParseTable},
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl<'a> CoincidentTokenIndex<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl fmt::Debug for CoincidentTokenIndex<'_> {
+impl<'a> fmt::Debug for CoincidentTokenIndex<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         writeln!(f, "CoincidentTokenIndex {{")?;
 

cli/src/generate/build_tables/item.rs

@@ -2,31 +2,30 @@ use std::{
     cmp::Ordering,
     fmt,
     hash::{Hash, Hasher},
-    sync::LazyLock,
 };
 
-use crate::{
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-    grammars::{
+
-        LexicalGrammar, Production, ProductionStep, ReservedWordSetId, SyntaxGrammar,
+use crate::generate::{
-        NO_RESERVED_WORDS,
+    grammars::{LexicalGrammar, Production, ProductionStep, SyntaxGrammar},
-    },
     rules::{Associativity, Precedence, Symbol, SymbolType, TokenSet},
 };
 
-static START_PRODUCTION: LazyLock<Production> = LazyLock::new(|| Production {
+lazy_static! {
-    dynamic_precedence: 0,
+    static ref START_PRODUCTION: Production = Production {
-    steps: vec![ProductionStep {
+        dynamic_precedence: 0,
-        symbol: Symbol {
+        steps: vec![ProductionStep {
-            index: 0,
+            symbol: Symbol {
-            kind: SymbolType::NonTerminal,
+                index: 0,
-        },
+                kind: SymbolType::NonTerminal,
-        precedence: Precedence::None,
+            },
-        associativity: None,
+            precedence: Precedence::None,
-        alias: None,
+            associativity: None,
-        field_name: None,
+            alias: None,
-        reserved_word_set_id: NO_RESERVED_WORDS,
+            field_name: None,
-    }],
+        }],
-});
+    };
+}
 
 /// A [`ParseItem`] represents an in-progress match of a single production in a grammar.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
@@ -59,14 +58,7 @@ pub struct ParseItem<'a> {
 /// to a state in the final parse table.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
 pub struct ParseItemSet<'a> {
-    pub entries: Vec<ParseItemSetEntry<'a>>,
+    pub entries: Vec<(ParseItem<'a>, TokenSet)>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct ParseItemSetEntry<'a> {
-    pub item: ParseItem<'a>,
-    pub lookaheads: TokenSet,
-    pub following_reserved_word_set: ReservedWordSetId,
 }
 
 /// A [`ParseItemSetCore`] is like a [`ParseItemSet`], but without the lookahead
@@ -160,31 +152,35 @@ impl<'a> ParseItem<'a> {
 }
 
 impl<'a> ParseItemSet<'a> {
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, item: ParseItem<'a>) -> &mut ParseItemSetEntry<'a> {
+    pub fn with(elements: impl IntoIterator<Item = (ParseItem<'a>, TokenSet)>) -> Self {
-        match self.entries.binary_search_by(|e| e.item.cmp(&item)) {
+        let mut result = Self::default();
+        for (item, lookaheads) in elements {
+            result.insert(item, &lookaheads);
+        }
+        result
+    }
+
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, item: ParseItem<'a>, lookaheads: &TokenSet) -> &mut TokenSet {
+        match self.entries.binary_search_by(|(i, _)| i.cmp(&item)) {
             Err(i) => {
-                self.entries.insert(
+                self.entries.insert(i, (item, lookaheads.clone()));
-                    i,
+                &mut self.entries[i].1
-                    ParseItemSetEntry {
+            }
-                        item,
+            Ok(i) => {
-                        lookaheads: TokenSet::new(),
+                self.entries[i].1.insert_all(lookaheads);
-                        following_reserved_word_set: ReservedWordSetId::default(),
+                &mut self.entries[i].1
-                    },
-                );
-                &mut self.entries[i]
             }
-            Ok(i) => &mut self.entries[i],
         }
     }
 
     pub fn core(&self) -> ParseItemSetCore<'a> {
         ParseItemSetCore {
-            entries: self.entries.iter().map(|e| e.item).collect(),
+            entries: self.entries.iter().map(|e| e.0).collect(),
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl fmt::Display for ParseItemDisplay<'_> {
+impl<'a> fmt::Display for ParseItemDisplay<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
         if self.0.is_augmented() {
             write!(f, "START →")?;
@@ -192,42 +188,35 @@ impl fmt::Display for ParseItemDisplay<'_> {
             write!(
                 f,
                 "{} →",
-                self.1.variables[self.0.variable_index as usize].name
+                &self.1.variables[self.0.variable_index as usize].name
             )?;
         }
 
         for (i, step) in self.0.production.steps.iter().enumerate() {
             if i == self.0.step_index as usize {
                 write!(f, " •")?;
-                if !step.precedence.is_none()
+                if let Some(associativity) = step.associativity {
-                    || step.associativity.is_some()
+                    if step.precedence.is_none() {
-                    || step.reserved_word_set_id != ReservedWordSetId::default()
+                        write!(f, " ({associativity:?})")?;
-                {
+                    } else {
-                    write!(f, " (")?;
+                        write!(f, " ({} {associativity:?})", step.precedence)?;
-                    if !step.precedence.is_none() {
-                        write!(f, " {}", step.precedence)?;
                     }
-                    if let Some(associativity) = step.associativity {
+                } else if !step.precedence.is_none() {
-                        write!(f, " {associativity:?}")?;
+                    write!(f, " ({})", step.precedence)?;
-                    }
-                    if step.reserved_word_set_id != ReservedWordSetId::default() {
-                        write!(f, "reserved: {}", step.reserved_word_set_id)?;
-                    }
-                    write!(f, " )")?;
                 }
             }
 
             write!(f, " ")?;
             if step.symbol.is_terminal() {
                 if let Some(variable) = self.2.variables.get(step.symbol.index) {
-                    write!(f, "{}", variable.name)?;
+                    write!(f, "{}", &variable.name)?;
                 } else {
                     write!(f, "terminal-{}", step.symbol.index)?;
                 }
             } else if step.symbol.is_external() {
-                write!(f, "{}", self.1.external_tokens[step.symbol.index].name)?;
+                write!(f, "{}", &self.1.external_tokens[step.symbol.index].name)?;
             } else {
-                write!(f, "{}", self.1.variables[step.symbol.index].name)?;
+                write!(f, "{}", &self.1.variables[step.symbol.index].name)?;
             }
 
             if let Some(alias) = &step.alias {
@@ -254,33 +243,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for ParseItemDisplay<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-const fn escape_invisible(c: char) -> Option<&'static str> {
+impl<'a> fmt::Display for TokenSetDisplay<'a> {
-    Some(match c {
-        '\n' => "\\n",
-        '\r' => "\\r",
-        '\t' => "\\t",
-        '\0' => "\\0",
-        '\\' => "\\\\",
-        '\x0b' => "\\v",
-        '\x0c' => "\\f",
-        _ => return None,
-    })
-}
-
-fn display_variable_name(source: &str) -> String {
-    source
-        .chars()
-        .fold(String::with_capacity(source.len()), |mut acc, c| {
-            if let Some(esc) = escape_invisible(c) {
-                acc.push_str(esc);
-            } else {
-                acc.push(c);
-            }
-            acc
-        })
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for TokenSetDisplay<'_> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
         write!(f, "[")?;
         for (i, symbol) in self.0.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -290,14 +253,14 @@ impl fmt::Display for TokenSetDisplay<'_> {
 
             if symbol.is_terminal() {
                 if let Some(variable) = self.2.variables.get(symbol.index) {
-                    write!(f, "{}", display_variable_name(&variable.name))?;
+                    write!(f, "{}", &variable.name)?;
                 } else {
                     write!(f, "terminal-{}", symbol.index)?;
                 }
             } else if symbol.is_external() {
-                write!(f, "{}", self.1.external_tokens[symbol.index].name)?;
+                write!(f, "{}", &self.1.external_tokens[symbol.index].name)?;
             } else {
-                write!(f, "{}", self.1.variables[symbol.index].name)?;
+                write!(f, "{}", &self.1.variables[symbol.index].name)?;
             }
         }
         write!(f, "]")?;
@@ -305,29 +268,21 @@ impl fmt::Display for TokenSetDisplay<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-impl fmt::Display for ParseItemSetDisplay<'_> {
+impl<'a> fmt::Display for ParseItemSetDisplay<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-        for entry in &self.0.entries {
+        for (item, lookaheads) in &self.0.entries {
-            write!(
+            writeln!(
                 f,
                 "{}\t{}",
-                ParseItemDisplay(&entry.item, self.1, self.2),
+                ParseItemDisplay(item, self.1, self.2),
-                TokenSetDisplay(&entry.lookaheads, self.1, self.2),
+                TokenSetDisplay(lookaheads, self.1, self.2)
             )?;
-            if entry.following_reserved_word_set != ReservedWordSetId::default() {
-                write!(
-                    f,
-                    "\treserved word set: {}",
-                    entry.following_reserved_word_set
-                )?;
-            }
-            writeln!(f)?;
         }
         Ok(())
     }
 }
 
-impl Hash for ParseItem<'_> {
+impl<'a> Hash for ParseItem<'a> {
     fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
         hasher.write_u32(self.variable_index);
         hasher.write_u32(self.step_index);
@@ -341,7 +296,7 @@ impl Hash for ParseItem<'_> {
         // this item, unless any of the following are true:
         //   * the children have fields
         //   * the children have aliases
-        //   * the children are hidden and represent rules that have fields.
+        //   * the children are hidden and
         // See the docs for `has_preceding_inherited_fields`.
         for step in &self.production.steps[0..self.step_index as usize] {
             step.alias.hash(hasher);
@@ -356,7 +311,7 @@ impl Hash for ParseItem<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-impl PartialEq for ParseItem<'_> {
+impl<'a> PartialEq for ParseItem<'a> {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         if self.variable_index != other.variable_index
             || self.step_index != other.step_index
@@ -393,7 +348,7 @@ impl PartialEq for ParseItem<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-impl Ord for ParseItem<'_> {
+impl<'a> Ord for ParseItem<'a> {
     fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
         self.step_index
             .cmp(&other.step_index)
@@ -433,26 +388,25 @@ impl Ord for ParseItem<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-impl PartialOrd for ParseItem<'_> {
+impl<'a> PartialOrd for ParseItem<'a> {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
         Some(self.cmp(other))
     }
 }
 
-impl Eq for ParseItem<'_> {}
+impl<'a> Eq for ParseItem<'a> {}
 
-impl Hash for ParseItemSet<'_> {
+impl<'a> Hash for ParseItemSet<'a> {
     fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
         hasher.write_usize(self.entries.len());
-        for entry in &self.entries {
+        for (item, lookaheads) in &self.entries {
-            entry.item.hash(hasher);
+            item.hash(hasher);
-            entry.lookaheads.hash(hasher);
+            lookaheads.hash(hasher);
-            entry.following_reserved_word_set.hash(hasher);
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl Hash for ParseItemSetCore<'_> {
+impl<'a> Hash for ParseItemSetCore<'a> {
     fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, hasher: &mut H) {
         hasher.write_usize(self.entries.len());
         for item in &self.entries {

cli/src/generate/build_tables/item_set_builder.rs

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ use std::{
     fmt,
 };
 
-use super::item::{ParseItem, ParseItemDisplay, ParseItemSet, ParseItemSetEntry, TokenSetDisplay};
+use super::item::{ParseItem, ParseItemDisplay, ParseItemSet, TokenSetDisplay};
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
-    grammars::{InlinedProductionMap, LexicalGrammar, ReservedWordSetId, SyntaxGrammar},
+    grammars::{InlinedProductionMap, LexicalGrammar, SyntaxGrammar},
     rules::{Symbol, SymbolType, TokenSet},
 };
 
@@ -15,10 +15,9 @@ struct TransitiveClosureAddition<'a> {
     info: FollowSetInfo,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 struct FollowSetInfo {
     lookaheads: TokenSet,
-    reserved_lookaheads: ReservedWordSetId,
     propagates_lookaheads: bool,
 }
 
@@ -26,7 +25,6 @@ pub struct ParseItemSetBuilder<'a> {
     syntax_grammar: &'a SyntaxGrammar,
     lexical_grammar: &'a LexicalGrammar,
     first_sets: HashMap<Symbol, TokenSet>,
-    reserved_first_sets: HashMap<Symbol, ReservedWordSetId>,
     last_sets: HashMap<Symbol, TokenSet>,
     inlines: &'a InlinedProductionMap,
     transitive_closure_additions: Vec<Vec<TransitiveClosureAddition<'a>>>,
@@ -48,7 +46,6 @@ impl<'a> ParseItemSetBuilder<'a> {
             syntax_grammar,
             lexical_grammar,
             first_sets: HashMap::new(),
-            reserved_first_sets: HashMap::new(),
             last_sets: HashMap::new(),
             inlines,
             transitive_closure_additions: vec![Vec::new(); syntax_grammar.variables.len()],
@@ -57,7 +54,8 @@ impl<'a> ParseItemSetBuilder<'a> {
         // For each grammar symbol, populate the FIRST and LAST sets: the set of
         // terminals that appear at the beginning and end that symbol's productions,
         // respectively.
-        // For a terminal symbol, the FIRST and LAST sets just consist of the
+        //
+        // For a terminal symbol, the FIRST and LAST set just consists of the
         // terminal itself.
         for i in 0..lexical_grammar.variables.len() {
             let symbol = Symbol::terminal(i);
@@ -65,9 +63,6 @@ impl<'a> ParseItemSetBuilder<'a> {
             set.insert(symbol);
             result.first_sets.insert(symbol, set.clone());
             result.last_sets.insert(symbol, set);
-            result
-                .reserved_first_sets
-                .insert(symbol, ReservedWordSetId::default());
         }
 
         for i in 0..syntax_grammar.external_tokens.len() {
@@ -76,15 +71,12 @@ impl<'a> ParseItemSetBuilder<'a> {
             set.insert(symbol);
             result.first_sets.insert(symbol, set.clone());
             result.last_sets.insert(symbol, set);
-            result
-                .reserved_first_sets
-                .insert(symbol, ReservedWordSetId::default());
         }
 
-        // The FIRST set of a non-terminal `i` is the union of the FIRST sets
+        // The FIRST set of a non-terminal `i` is the union of the following sets:
-        // of all the symbols that appear at the beginnings of i's productions. Some
+        // * the set of all terminals that appear at the beginnings of i's productions
-        // of these symbols may themselves be non-terminals, so this is a recursive
+        // * the FIRST sets of all the non-terminals that appear at the beginnings of i's
-        // definition.
+        //   productions
         //
         // Rather than computing these sets using recursion, we use an explicit stack
         // called `symbols_to_process`.
@@ -92,36 +84,37 @@ impl<'a> ParseItemSetBuilder<'a> {
         let mut processed_non_terminals = HashSet::new();
         for i in 0..syntax_grammar.variables.len() {
             let symbol = Symbol::non_terminal(i);
-            let first_set = result.first_sets.entry(symbol).or_default();
-            let reserved_first_set = result.reserved_first_sets.entry(symbol).or_default();
 
+            let first_set = result
+                .first_sets
+                .entry(symbol)
+                .or_insert_with(TokenSet::new);
             processed_non_terminals.clear();
             symbols_to_process.clear();
             symbols_to_process.push(symbol);
-            while let Some(sym) = symbols_to_process.pop() {
+            while let Some(current_symbol) = symbols_to_process.pop() {
-                for production in &syntax_grammar.variables[sym.index].productions {
+                if current_symbol.is_terminal() || current_symbol.is_external() {
-                    if let Some(step) = production.steps.first() {
+                    first_set.insert(current_symbol);
-                        if step.symbol.is_terminal() || step.symbol.is_external() {
+                } else if processed_non_terminals.insert(current_symbol) {
-                            first_set.insert(step.symbol);
+                    for production in &syntax_grammar.variables[current_symbol.index].productions {
-                        } else if processed_non_terminals.insert(step.symbol) {
+                        if let Some(step) = production.steps.first() {
                             symbols_to_process.push(step.symbol);
                         }
-                        *reserved_first_set = (*reserved_first_set).max(step.reserved_word_set_id);
                     }
                 }
             }
 
             // The LAST set is defined in a similar way to the FIRST set.
-            let last_set = result.last_sets.entry(symbol).or_default();
+            let last_set = result.last_sets.entry(symbol).or_insert_with(TokenSet::new);
             processed_non_terminals.clear();
             symbols_to_process.clear();
             symbols_to_process.push(symbol);
-            while let Some(sym) = symbols_to_process.pop() {
+            while let Some(current_symbol) = symbols_to_process.pop() {
-                for production in &syntax_grammar.variables[sym.index].productions {
+                if current_symbol.is_terminal() || current_symbol.is_external() {
-                    if let Some(step) = production.steps.last() {
+                    last_set.insert(current_symbol);
-                        if step.symbol.is_terminal() || step.symbol.is_external() {
+                } else if processed_non_terminals.insert(current_symbol) {
-                            last_set.insert(step.symbol);
+                    for production in &syntax_grammar.variables[current_symbol.index].productions {
-                        } else if processed_non_terminals.insert(step.symbol) {
+                        if let Some(step) = production.steps.last() {
                             symbols_to_process.push(step.symbol);
                         }
                     }
@@ -131,75 +124,67 @@ impl<'a> ParseItemSetBuilder<'a> {
 
         // To compute an item set's transitive closure, we find each item in the set
         // whose next symbol is a non-terminal, and we add new items to the set for
-        // each of that symbol's productions. These productions might themselves begin
+        // each of that symbols' productions. These productions might themselves begin
         // with non-terminals, so the process continues recursively. In this process,
         // the total set of entries that get added depends only on two things:
-        //
+        //   * the set of non-terminal symbols that occur at each item's current position
-        //   * the non-terminal symbol that occurs next in each item
+        //   * the set of terminals that occurs after each of these non-terminal symbols
-        //
-        //   * the set of terminals that can follow that non-terminal symbol in the item
         //
         // So we can avoid a lot of duplicated recursive work by precomputing, for each
         // non-terminal symbol `i`, a final list of *additions* that must be made to an
-        // item set when symbol `i` occurs as the next symbol in one if its core items.
+        // item set when `i` occurs as the next symbol in one if its core items. The
-        // The structure of a precomputed *addition* is as follows:
+        // structure of an *addition* is as follows:
-        //
+        //   * `item` - the new item that must be added as part of the expansion of `i`
-        //   * `item` - the new item that must be added as part of the expansion of the symbol `i`.
+        //   * `lookaheads` - lookahead tokens that can always come after that item in the expansion
-        //
+        //     of `i`
-        //   * `lookaheads` - the set of possible lookahead tokens that can always come after `item`
-        //     in an expansion of symbol `i`.
-        //
-        //   * `reserved_lookaheads` - the set of reserved lookahead lookahead tokens that can
-        //     always come after `item` in the expansion of symbol `i`.
-        //
         //   * `propagates_lookaheads` - a boolean indicating whether or not `item` can occur at the
-        //     *end* of the expansion of symbol `i`, so that i's own current lookahead tokens can
+        //     *end* of the expansion of `i`, so that i's own current lookahead tokens can occur
-        //     occur after `item`.
+        //     after `item`.
         //
-        // Rather than computing these additions recursively, we use an explicit stack.
+        // Again, rather than computing these additions recursively, we use an explicit
-        let empty_lookaheads = TokenSet::new();
+        // stack called `entries_to_process`.
-        let mut stack = Vec::new();
-        let mut follow_set_info_by_non_terminal = HashMap::<usize, FollowSetInfo>::new();
         for i in 0..syntax_grammar.variables.len() {
+            let empty_lookaheads = TokenSet::new();
+            let mut entries_to_process = vec![(i, &empty_lookaheads, true)];
+
             // First, build up a map whose keys are all of the non-terminals that can
             // appear at the beginning of non-terminal `i`, and whose values store
-            // information about the tokens that can follow those non-terminals.
+            // information about the tokens that can follow each non-terminal.
-            stack.clear();
+            let mut follow_set_info_by_non_terminal = HashMap::new();
-            stack.push((i, &empty_lookaheads, ReservedWordSetId::default(), true));
+            while let Some(entry) = entries_to_process.pop() {
-            follow_set_info_by_non_terminal.clear();
+                let (variable_index, lookaheads, propagates_lookaheads) = entry;
-            while let Some((sym_ix, lookaheads, reserved_word_set_id, propagates_lookaheads)) =
+                let existing_info = follow_set_info_by_non_terminal
-                stack.pop()
+                    .entry(variable_index)
-            {
+                    .or_insert_with(|| FollowSetInfo {
-                let mut did_add = false;
+                        lookaheads: TokenSet::new(),
-                let info = follow_set_info_by_non_terminal.entry(sym_ix).or_default();
+                        propagates_lookaheads: false,
-                did_add |= info.lookaheads.insert_all(lookaheads);
+                    });
-                if reserved_word_set_id > info.reserved_lookaheads {
+
-                    info.reserved_lookaheads = reserved_word_set_id;
+                let did_add_follow_set_info;
-                    did_add = true;
+                if propagates_lookaheads {
-                }
+                    did_add_follow_set_info = !existing_info.propagates_lookaheads;
-                did_add |= propagates_lookaheads && !info.propagates_lookaheads;
+                    existing_info.propagates_lookaheads = true;
-                info.propagates_lookaheads |= propagates_lookaheads;
+                } else {
-                if !did_add {
+                    did_add_follow_set_info = existing_info.lookaheads.insert_all(lookaheads);
-                    continue;
                 }
 
-                for production in &syntax_grammar.variables[sym_ix].productions {
+                if did_add_follow_set_info {
-                    if let Some(symbol) = production.first_symbol() {
+                    for production in &syntax_grammar.variables[variable_index].productions {
-                        if symbol.is_non_terminal() {
+                        if let Some(symbol) = production.first_symbol() {
-                            if let Some(next_step) = production.steps.get(1) {
+                            if symbol.is_non_terminal() {
-                                stack.push((
+                                if production.steps.len() == 1 {
-                                    symbol.index,
+                                    entries_to_process.push((
-                                    &result.first_sets[&next_step.symbol],
+                                        symbol.index,
-                                    result.reserved_first_sets[&next_step.symbol],
+                                        lookaheads,
-                                    false,
+                                        propagates_lookaheads,
-                                ));
+                                    ));
-                            } else {
+                                } else {
-                                stack.push((
+                                    entries_to_process.push((
-                                    symbol.index,
+                                        symbol.index,
-                                    lookaheads,
+                                        &result.first_sets[&production.steps[1].symbol],
-                                    reserved_word_set_id,
+                                        false,
-                                    propagates_lookaheads,
+                                    ));
-                                ));
+                                }
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -209,7 +194,7 @@ impl<'a> ParseItemSetBuilder<'a> {
             // Store all of those non-terminals' productions, along with their associated
             // lookahead info, as *additions* associated with non-terminal `i`.
             let additions_for_non_terminal = &mut result.transitive_closure_additions[i];
-            for (&variable_index, follow_set_info) in &follow_set_info_by_non_terminal {
+            for (variable_index, follow_set_info) in follow_set_info_by_non_terminal {
                 let variable = &syntax_grammar.variables[variable_index];
                 let non_terminal = Symbol::non_terminal(variable_index);
                 let variable_index = variable_index as u32;
@@ -254,23 +239,20 @@ impl<'a> ParseItemSetBuilder<'a> {
 
     pub fn transitive_closure(&self, item_set: &ParseItemSet<'a>) -> ParseItemSet<'a> {
         let mut result = ParseItemSet::default();
-        for entry in &item_set.entries {
+        for (item, lookaheads) in &item_set.entries {
             if let Some(productions) = self
                 .inlines
-                .inlined_productions(entry.item.production, entry.item.step_index)
+                .inlined_productions(item.production, item.step_index)
             {
                 for production in productions {
                     self.add_item(
                         &mut result,
-                        &ParseItemSetEntry {
+                        item.substitute_production(production),
-                            item: entry.item.substitute_production(production),
+                        lookaheads,
-                            lookaheads: entry.lookaheads.clone(),
-                            following_reserved_word_set: entry.following_reserved_word_set,
-                        },
                     );
                 }
             } else {
-                self.add_item(&mut result, entry);
+                self.add_item(&mut result, *item, lookaheads);
             }
         }
         result
@@ -280,68 +262,34 @@ impl<'a> ParseItemSetBuilder<'a> {
         &self.first_sets[symbol]
     }
 
-    pub fn reserved_first_set(&self, symbol: &Symbol) -> Option<&TokenSet> {
-        let id = *self.reserved_first_sets.get(symbol)?;
-        Some(&self.syntax_grammar.reserved_word_sets[id.0])
-    }
-
     pub fn last_set(&self, symbol: &Symbol) -> &TokenSet {
         &self.last_sets[symbol]
     }
 
-    fn add_item(&self, set: &mut ParseItemSet<'a>, entry: &ParseItemSetEntry<'a>) {
+    fn add_item(&self, set: &mut ParseItemSet<'a>, item: ParseItem<'a>, lookaheads: &TokenSet) {
-        if let Some(step) = entry.item.step() {
+        if let Some(step) = item.step() {
             if step.symbol.is_non_terminal() {
-                let next_step = entry.item.successor().step();
+                let next_step = item.successor().step();
 
                 // Determine which tokens can follow this non-terminal.
-                let (following_tokens, following_reserved_tokens) =
+                let following_tokens = next_step.map_or(lookaheads, |next_step| {
-                    if let Some(next_step) = next_step {
+                    self.first_sets.get(&next_step.symbol).unwrap()
-                        (
+                });
-                            self.first_sets.get(&next_step.symbol).unwrap(),
-                            *self.reserved_first_sets.get(&next_step.symbol).unwrap(),
-                        )
-                    } else {
-                        (&entry.lookaheads, entry.following_reserved_word_set)
-                    };
 
                 // Use the pre-computed *additions* to expand the non-terminal.
                 for addition in &self.transitive_closure_additions[step.symbol.index] {
-                    let entry = set.insert(addition.item);
+                    let lookaheads = set.insert(addition.item, &addition.info.lookaheads);
-                    entry.lookaheads.insert_all(&addition.info.lookaheads);
-
-                    if let Some(word_token) = self.syntax_grammar.word_token {
-                        if addition.info.lookaheads.contains(&word_token) {
-                            entry.following_reserved_word_set = entry
-                                .following_reserved_word_set
-                                .max(addition.info.reserved_lookaheads);
-                        }
-                    }
-
                     if addition.info.propagates_lookaheads {
-                        entry.lookaheads.insert_all(following_tokens);
+                        lookaheads.insert_all(following_tokens);
-
-                        if let Some(word_token) = self.syntax_grammar.word_token {
-                            if following_tokens.contains(&word_token) {
-                                entry.following_reserved_word_set = entry
-                                    .following_reserved_word_set
-                                    .max(following_reserved_tokens);
-                            }
-                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
-
+        set.insert(item, lookaheads);
-        let e = set.insert(entry.item);
-        e.lookaheads.insert_all(&entry.lookaheads);
-        e.following_reserved_word_set = e
-            .following_reserved_word_set
-            .max(entry.following_reserved_word_set);
     }
 }
 
-impl fmt::Debug for ParseItemSetBuilder<'_> {
+impl<'a> fmt::Debug for ParseItemSetBuilder<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         writeln!(f, "ParseItemSetBuilder {{")?;
 

cli/src/generate/build_tables/minimize_parse_table.rs

@@ -3,15 +3,14 @@ use std::{
     mem,
 };
 
-use log::debug;
+use log::info;
 
 use super::token_conflicts::TokenConflictMap;
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
     dedup::split_state_id_groups,
     grammars::{LexicalGrammar, SyntaxGrammar, VariableType},
     rules::{AliasMap, Symbol, TokenSet},
     tables::{GotoAction, ParseAction, ParseState, ParseStateId, ParseTable, ParseTableEntry},
-    OptLevel,
 };
 
 pub fn minimize_parse_table(
@@ -21,7 +20,6 @@ pub fn minimize_parse_table(
     simple_aliases: &AliasMap,
     token_conflict_map: &TokenConflictMap,
     keywords: &TokenSet,
-    optimizations: OptLevel,
 ) {
     let mut minimizer = Minimizer {
         parse_table,
@@ -31,9 +29,7 @@ pub fn minimize_parse_table(
         keywords,
         simple_aliases,
     };
-    if optimizations.contains(OptLevel::MergeStates) {
+    minimizer.merge_compatible_states();
-        minimizer.merge_compatible_states();
-    }
     minimizer.remove_unit_reductions();
     minimizer.remove_unused_states();
     minimizer.reorder_states_by_descending_size();
@@ -48,7 +44,7 @@ struct Minimizer<'a> {
     simple_aliases: &'a AliasMap,
 }
 
-impl Minimizer<'_> {
+impl<'a> Minimizer<'a> {
     fn remove_unit_reductions(&mut self) {
         let mut aliased_symbols = HashSet::new();
         for variable in &self.syntax_grammar.variables {
@@ -74,17 +70,18 @@ impl Minimizer<'_> {
                             production_id: 0,
                             symbol,
                             ..
-                        } if !self.simple_aliases.contains_key(symbol)
+                        } => {
-                            && !self.syntax_grammar.supertype_symbols.contains(symbol)
+                            if !self.simple_aliases.contains_key(symbol)
-                            && !self.syntax_grammar.extra_symbols.contains(symbol)
+                                && !self.syntax_grammar.supertype_symbols.contains(symbol)
-                            && !aliased_symbols.contains(symbol)
+                                && !aliased_symbols.contains(symbol)
-                            && self.syntax_grammar.variables[symbol.index].kind
+                                && self.syntax_grammar.variables[symbol.index].kind
-                                != VariableType::Named
+                                    != VariableType::Named
-                            && (unit_reduction_symbol.is_none()
+                                && (unit_reduction_symbol.is_none()
-                                || unit_reduction_symbol == Some(symbol)) =>
+                                    || unit_reduction_symbol == Some(symbol))
-                        {
+                            {
-                            unit_reduction_symbol = Some(symbol);
+                                unit_reduction_symbol = Some(symbol);
-                            continue;
+                                continue;
+                            }
                         }
                         _ => {}
                     }
@@ -155,7 +152,9 @@ impl Minimizer<'_> {
             &mut group_ids_by_state_id,
             0,
             |left, right, groups| self.state_successors_differ(left, right, groups),
-        ) {}
+        ) {
+            continue;
+        }
 
         let error_group_index = state_ids_by_group_id
             .iter()
@@ -172,12 +171,17 @@ impl Minimizer<'_> {
         let mut new_states = Vec::with_capacity(state_ids_by_group_id.len());
         for state_ids in &state_ids_by_group_id {
             // Initialize the new state based on the first old state in the group.
-            let mut parse_state = mem::take(&mut self.parse_table.states[state_ids[0]]);
+            let mut parse_state = ParseState::default();
+            mem::swap(&mut parse_state, &mut self.parse_table.states[state_ids[0]]);
 
             // Extend the new state with all of the actions from the other old states
             // in the group.
             for state_id in &state_ids[1..] {
-                let other_parse_state = mem::take(&mut self.parse_table.states[*state_id]);
+                let mut other_parse_state = ParseState::default();
+                mem::swap(
+                    &mut other_parse_state,
+                    &mut self.parse_table.states[*state_id],
+                );
 
                 parse_state
                     .terminal_entries
@@ -185,12 +189,6 @@ impl Minimizer<'_> {
                 parse_state
                     .nonterminal_entries
                     .extend(other_parse_state.nonterminal_entries);
-                parse_state
-                    .reserved_words
-                    .insert_all(&other_parse_state.reserved_words);
-                for symbol in parse_state.terminal_entries.keys() {
-                    parse_state.reserved_words.remove(symbol);
-                }
             }
 
             // Update the new state's outgoing references using the new grouping.
@@ -219,14 +217,24 @@ impl Minimizer<'_> {
                 ) {
                     return true;
                 }
-            } else if self.token_conflicts(left_state.id, right_state.id, right_state, *token) {
+            } else if self.token_conflicts(
+                left_state.id,
+                right_state.id,
+                right_state.terminal_entries.keys(),
+                *token,
+            ) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
 
         for token in right_state.terminal_entries.keys() {
             if !left_state.terminal_entries.contains_key(token)
-                && self.token_conflicts(left_state.id, right_state.id, left_state, *token)
+                && self.token_conflicts(
+                    left_state.id,
+                    right_state.id,
+                    left_state.terminal_entries.keys(),
+                    *token,
+                )
             {
                 return true;
             }
@@ -248,7 +256,7 @@ impl Minimizer<'_> {
                         let group1 = group_ids_by_state_id[*s1];
                         let group2 = group_ids_by_state_id[*s2];
                         if group1 != group2 {
-                            debug!(
+                            info!(
                                 "split states {} {} - successors for {} are split: {s1} {s2}",
                                 state1.id,
                                 state2.id,
@@ -264,12 +272,12 @@ impl Minimizer<'_> {
         for (symbol, s1) in &state1.nonterminal_entries {
             if let Some(s2) = state2.nonterminal_entries.get(symbol) {
                 match (s1, s2) {
-                    (GotoAction::ShiftExtra, GotoAction::ShiftExtra) => {}
+                    (GotoAction::ShiftExtra, GotoAction::ShiftExtra) => continue,
                     (GotoAction::Goto(s1), GotoAction::Goto(s2)) => {
                         let group1 = group_ids_by_state_id[*s1];
                         let group2 = group_ids_by_state_id[*s2];
                         if group1 != group2 {
-                            debug!(
+                            info!(
                                 "split states {} {} - successors for {} are split: {s1} {s2}",
                                 state1.id,
                                 state2.id,
@@ -299,14 +307,16 @@ impl Minimizer<'_> {
         let actions1 = &entry1.actions;
         let actions2 = &entry2.actions;
         if actions1.len() != actions2.len() {
-            debug!(
+            info!(
                 "split states {state_id1} {state_id2} - differing action counts for token {}",
                 self.symbol_name(token)
             );
             return true;
         }
 
-        for (action1, action2) in actions1.iter().zip(actions2.iter()) {
+        for (i, action1) in actions1.iter().enumerate() {
+            let action2 = &actions2[i];
+
             // Two shift actions are equivalent if their destinations are in the same group.
             if let (
                 ParseAction::Shift {
@@ -324,13 +334,13 @@ impl Minimizer<'_> {
                 if group1 == group2 && is_repetition1 == is_repetition2 {
                     continue;
                 }
-                debug!(
+                info!(
                     "split states {state_id1} {state_id2} - successors for {} are split: {s1} {s2}",
                     self.symbol_name(token),
                 );
                 return true;
             } else if action1 != action2 {
-                debug!(
+                info!(
                     "split states {state_id1} {state_id2} - unequal actions for {}",
                     self.symbol_name(token),
                 );
@@ -341,32 +351,28 @@ impl Minimizer<'_> {
         false
     }
 
-    fn token_conflicts(
+    fn token_conflicts<'b>(
         &self,
         left_id: ParseStateId,
         right_id: ParseStateId,
-        right_state: &ParseState,
+        existing_tokens: impl Iterator<Item = &'b Symbol>,
         new_token: Symbol,
     ) -> bool {
         if new_token == Symbol::end_of_nonterminal_extra() {
-            debug!("split states {left_id} {right_id} - end of non-terminal extra",);
+            info!("split states {left_id} {right_id} - end of non-terminal extra",);
             return true;
         }
 
         // Do not add external tokens; they could conflict lexically with any of the state's
         // existing lookahead tokens.
         if new_token.is_external() {
-            debug!(
+            info!(
                 "split states {left_id} {right_id} - external token {}",
                 self.symbol_name(&new_token),
             );
             return true;
         }
 
-        if right_state.reserved_words.contains(&new_token) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
         // Do not add tokens which are both internal and external. Their validity could
         // influence the behavior of the external scanner.
         if self
@@ -375,7 +381,7 @@ impl Minimizer<'_> {
             .iter()
             .any(|external| external.corresponding_internal_token == Some(new_token))
         {
-            debug!(
+            info!(
                 "split states {left_id} {right_id} - internal/external token {}",
                 self.symbol_name(&new_token),
             );
@@ -383,30 +389,23 @@ impl Minimizer<'_> {
         }
 
         // Do not add a token if it conflicts with an existing token.
-        for token in right_state.terminal_entries.keys().copied() {
+        for token in existing_tokens {
-            if !token.is_terminal() {
+            if token.is_terminal()
-                continue;
+                && !(self.syntax_grammar.word_token == Some(*token)
-            }
+                    && self.keywords.contains(&new_token))
-            if self.syntax_grammar.word_token == Some(token) && self.keywords.contains(&new_token) {
+                && !(self.syntax_grammar.word_token == Some(new_token)
-                continue;
+                    && self.keywords.contains(token))
-            }
+                && (self
-            if self.syntax_grammar.word_token == Some(new_token) && self.keywords.contains(&token) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if self
-                .token_conflict_map
-                .does_conflict(new_token.index, token.index)
-                || self
                     .token_conflict_map
-                    .does_match_same_string(new_token.index, token.index)
+                    .does_conflict(new_token.index, token.index)
+                    || self
+                        .token_conflict_map
+                        .does_match_same_string(new_token.index, token.index))
             {
-                debug!(
+                info!(
-                    "split states {} {} - token {} conflicts with {}",
+                    "split states {left_id} {right_id} - token {} conflicts with {}",
-                    left_id,
-                    right_id,
                     self.symbol_name(&new_token),
-                    self.symbol_name(&token),
+                    self.symbol_name(token),
                 );
                 return true;
             }

cli/src/generate/build_tables/mod.rs

@@ -8,32 +8,30 @@ mod token_conflicts;
 
 use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap};
 
+use anyhow::Result;
 pub use build_lex_table::LARGE_CHARACTER_RANGE_COUNT;
-use build_parse_table::BuildTableResult;
+use log::info;
-pub use build_parse_table::ParseTableBuilderError;
-use log::{debug, info};
 
 use self::{
     build_lex_table::build_lex_table,
     build_parse_table::{build_parse_table, ParseStateInfo},
     coincident_tokens::CoincidentTokenIndex,
-    item_set_builder::ParseItemSetBuilder,
     minimize_parse_table::minimize_parse_table,
     token_conflicts::TokenConflictMap,
 };
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
     grammars::{InlinedProductionMap, LexicalGrammar, SyntaxGrammar},
     nfa::{CharacterSet, NfaCursor},
     node_types::VariableInfo,
     rules::{AliasMap, Symbol, SymbolType, TokenSet},
     tables::{LexTable, ParseAction, ParseTable, ParseTableEntry},
-    OptLevel,
 };
 
 pub struct Tables {
     pub parse_table: ParseTable,
     pub main_lex_table: LexTable,
     pub keyword_lex_table: LexTable,
+    pub word_token: Option<Symbol>,
     pub large_character_sets: Vec<(Option<Symbol>, CharacterSet)>,
 }
 
@@ -44,17 +42,9 @@ pub fn build_tables(
     variable_info: &[VariableInfo],
     inlines: &InlinedProductionMap,
     report_symbol_name: Option<&str>,
-    optimizations: OptLevel,
+) -> Result<Tables> {
-) -> BuildTableResult<Tables> {
+    let (mut parse_table, following_tokens, parse_state_info) =
-    let item_set_builder = ParseItemSetBuilder::new(syntax_grammar, lexical_grammar, inlines);
+        build_parse_table(syntax_grammar, lexical_grammar, inlines, variable_info)?;
-    let following_tokens =
-        get_following_tokens(syntax_grammar, lexical_grammar, inlines, &item_set_builder);
-    let (mut parse_table, parse_state_info) = build_parse_table(
-        syntax_grammar,
-        lexical_grammar,
-        item_set_builder,
-        variable_info,
-    )?;
     let token_conflict_map = TokenConflictMap::new(lexical_grammar, following_tokens);
     let coincident_token_index = CoincidentTokenIndex::new(&parse_table, lexical_grammar);
     let keywords = identify_keywords(
@@ -80,7 +70,6 @@ pub fn build_tables(
         simple_aliases,
         &token_conflict_map,
         &keywords,
-        optimizations,
     );
     let lex_tables = build_lex_table(
         &mut parse_table,
@@ -103,59 +92,15 @@ pub fn build_tables(
         );
     }
 
-    if parse_table.states.len() > u16::MAX as usize {
-        Err(ParseTableBuilderError::StateCount(parse_table.states.len()))?;
-    }
-
     Ok(Tables {
         parse_table,
         main_lex_table: lex_tables.main_lex_table,
         keyword_lex_table: lex_tables.keyword_lex_table,
         large_character_sets: lex_tables.large_character_sets,
+        word_token: syntax_grammar.word_token,
     })
 }
 
-fn get_following_tokens(
-    syntax_grammar: &SyntaxGrammar,
-    lexical_grammar: &LexicalGrammar,
-    inlines: &InlinedProductionMap,
-    builder: &ParseItemSetBuilder,
-) -> Vec<TokenSet> {
-    let mut result = vec![TokenSet::new(); lexical_grammar.variables.len()];
-    let productions = syntax_grammar
-        .variables
-        .iter()
-        .flat_map(|v| &v.productions)
-        .chain(&inlines.productions);
-    let all_tokens = (0..result.len())
-        .map(Symbol::terminal)
-        .collect::<TokenSet>();
-    for production in productions {
-        for i in 1..production.steps.len() {
-            let left_tokens = builder.last_set(&production.steps[i - 1].symbol);
-            let right_tokens = builder.first_set(&production.steps[i].symbol);
-            let right_reserved_tokens = builder.reserved_first_set(&production.steps[i].symbol);
-            for left_token in left_tokens.iter() {
-                if left_token.is_terminal() {
-                    result[left_token.index].insert_all_terminals(right_tokens);
-                    if let Some(reserved_tokens) = right_reserved_tokens {
-                        result[left_token.index].insert_all_terminals(reserved_tokens);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    for extra in &syntax_grammar.extra_symbols {
-        if extra.is_terminal() {
-            for entry in &mut result {
-                entry.insert(*extra);
-            }
-            result[extra.index] = all_tokens.clone();
-        }
-    }
-    result
-}
-
 fn populate_error_state(
     parse_table: &mut ParseTable,
     syntax_grammar: &SyntaxGrammar,
@@ -179,7 +124,7 @@ fn populate_error_state(
             if conflicts_with_other_tokens {
                 None
             } else {
-                debug!(
+                info!(
                     "error recovery - token {} has no conflicts",
                     lexical_grammar.variables[i].name
                 );
@@ -205,14 +150,14 @@ fn populate_error_state(
                 !coincident_token_index.contains(symbol, *t)
                     && token_conflict_map.does_conflict(symbol.index, t.index)
             }) {
-                debug!(
+                info!(
                     "error recovery - exclude token {} because of conflict with {}",
                     lexical_grammar.variables[i].name, lexical_grammar.variables[t.index].name
                 );
                 continue;
             }
         }
-        debug!(
+        info!(
             "error recovery - include token {}",
             lexical_grammar.variables[i].name
         );
@@ -263,7 +208,7 @@ fn populate_used_symbols(
             // ensure that a subtree's symbol can be successfully reassigned to the word token
             // without having to move the subtree to the heap.
             // See https://github.com/tree-sitter/tree-sitter/issues/258
-            if syntax_grammar.word_token.is_some_and(|t| t.index == i) {
+            if syntax_grammar.word_token.map_or(false, |t| t.index == i) {
                 parse_table.symbols.insert(1, Symbol::terminal(i));
             } else {
                 parse_table.symbols.push(Symbol::terminal(i));
@@ -345,7 +290,7 @@ fn identify_keywords(
                 && token_conflict_map.does_match_same_string(i, word_token.index)
                 && !token_conflict_map.does_match_different_string(i, word_token.index)
             {
-                debug!(
+                info!(
                     "Keywords - add candidate {}",
                     lexical_grammar.variables[i].name
                 );
@@ -364,7 +309,7 @@ fn identify_keywords(
                 if other_token != *token
                     && token_conflict_map.does_match_same_string(other_token.index, token.index)
                 {
-                    debug!(
+                    info!(
                         "Keywords - exclude {} because it matches the same string as {}",
                         lexical_grammar.variables[token.index].name,
                         lexical_grammar.variables[other_token.index].name
@@ -406,7 +351,7 @@ fn identify_keywords(
                     word_token.index,
                     other_index,
                 ) {
-                    debug!(
+                    info!(
                         "Keywords - exclude {} because of conflict with {}",
                         lexical_grammar.variables[token.index].name,
                         lexical_grammar.variables[other_index].name
@@ -415,7 +360,7 @@ fn identify_keywords(
                 }
             }
 
-            debug!(
+            info!(
                 "Keywords - include {}",
                 lexical_grammar.variables[token.index].name,
             );
@@ -469,9 +414,9 @@ fn report_state_info<'a>(
     for (i, state) in parse_table.states.iter().enumerate() {
         all_state_indices.insert(i);
         let item_set = &parse_state_info[state.id];
-        for entry in &item_set.1.entries {
+        for (item, _) in &item_set.1.entries {
-            if !entry.item.is_augmented() {
+            if !item.is_augmented() {
-                symbols_with_state_indices[entry.item.variable_index as usize]
+                symbols_with_state_indices[item.variable_index as usize]
                     .1
                     .insert(i);
             }
@@ -487,14 +432,14 @@ fn report_state_info<'a>(
         .max()
         .unwrap();
     for (symbol, states) in &symbols_with_state_indices {
-        info!(
+        eprintln!(
             "{:width$}\t{}",
             syntax_grammar.variables[symbol.index].name,
             states.len(),
             width = max_symbol_name_length
         );
     }
-    info!("");
+    eprintln!();
 
     let state_indices = if report_symbol_name == "*" {
         Some(&all_state_indices)
@@ -517,27 +462,22 @@ fn report_state_info<'a>(
         for state_index in state_indices {
             let id = parse_table.states[state_index].id;
             let (preceding_symbols, item_set) = &parse_state_info[id];
-            info!("state index: {state_index}");
+            eprintln!("state index: {state_index}");
-            info!("state id: {id}");
+            eprintln!("state id: {id}");
-            info!(
+            eprint!("symbol sequence:");
-                "symbol sequence: {}",
+            for symbol in preceding_symbols {
-                preceding_symbols
+                let name = if symbol.is_terminal() {
-                    .iter()
+                    &lexical_grammar.variables[symbol.index].name
-                    .map(|symbol| {
+                } else if symbol.is_external() {
-                        if symbol.is_terminal() {
+                    &syntax_grammar.external_tokens[symbol.index].name
-                            lexical_grammar.variables[symbol.index].name.clone()
+                } else {
-                        } else if symbol.is_external() {
+                    &syntax_grammar.variables[symbol.index].name
-                            syntax_grammar.external_tokens[symbol.index].name.clone()
+                };
-                        } else {
+                eprint!(" {name}");
-                            syntax_grammar.variables[symbol.index].name.clone()
+            }
-                        }
+            eprintln!(
-                    })
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                    .join(" ")
-            );
-            info!(
                 "\nitems:\n{}",
-                item::ParseItemSetDisplay(item_set, syntax_grammar, lexical_grammar),
+                self::item::ParseItemSetDisplay(item_set, syntax_grammar, lexical_grammar,),
             );
         }
     }

cli/src/generate/build_tables/token_conflicts.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::{cmp::Ordering, collections::HashSet, fmt};
 
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
     build_tables::item::TokenSetDisplay,
     grammars::{LexicalGrammar, SyntaxGrammar},
     nfa::{CharacterSet, NfaCursor, NfaTransition},
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub struct TokenConflictMap<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> TokenConflictMap<'a> {
     /// Create a token conflict map based on a lexical grammar, which describes the structure
-    /// of each token, and a `following_token` map, which indicates which tokens may be appear
+    /// each token, and a `following_token` map, which indicates which tokens may be appear
     /// immediately after each other token.
     ///
     /// This analyzes the possible kinds of overlap between each pair of tokens and stores
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ impl<'a> TokenConflictMap<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl fmt::Debug for TokenConflictMap<'_> {
+impl<'a> fmt::Debug for TokenConflictMap<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         writeln!(f, "TokenConflictMap {{")?;
 
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ fn compute_conflict_status(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::{
+    use crate::generate::{
         grammars::{Variable, VariableType},
         prepare_grammar::{expand_tokens, ExtractedLexicalGrammar},
         rules::{Precedence, Rule, Symbol},

cli/src/generate/dedup.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ pub fn split_state_id_groups<S>(
     state_ids_by_group_id: &mut Vec<Vec<usize>>,
     group_ids_by_state_id: &mut [usize],
     start_group_id: usize,
-    mut should_split: impl FnMut(&S, &S, &[usize]) -> bool,
+    mut f: impl FnMut(&S, &S, &[usize]) -> bool,
 ) -> bool {
     let mut result = false;
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub fn split_state_id_groups<S>(
                 }
                 let right_state = &states[right_state_id];
 
-                if should_split(left_state, right_state, group_ids_by_state_id) {
+                if f(left_state, right_state, group_ids_by_state_id) {
                     split_state_ids.push(right_state_id);
                 }
 

cli/src/generate/dsl.js

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ function alias(rule, value) {
       result.value = value.symbol.name;
       return result;
     case Object:
-    case GrammarSymbol:
       if (typeof value.type === 'string' && value.type === 'SYMBOL') {
         result.named = true;
         result.value = value.name;
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ function prec(number, rule) {
   };
 }
 
-prec.left = function (number, rule) {
+prec.left = function(number, rule) {
   if (rule == null) {
     rule = number;
     number = 0;
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ prec.left = function (number, rule) {
   };
 }
 
-prec.right = function (number, rule) {
+prec.right = function(number, rule) {
   if (rule == null) {
     rule = number;
     number = 0;
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ prec.right = function (number, rule) {
   };
 }
 
-prec.dynamic = function (number, rule) {
+prec.dynamic = function(number, rule) {
   checkPrecedence(number);
   checkArguments(
     arguments,
@@ -154,26 +153,11 @@ function seq(...elements) {
   };
 }
 
-class GrammarSymbol {
-  constructor(name) {
-    this.type = "SYMBOL";
-    this.name = name;
-  }
-}
-
-function reserved(wordset, rule) {
-  if (typeof wordset !== 'string') {
-    throw new Error('Invalid reserved word set name: ' + wordset)
-  }
-  return {
-    type: "RESERVED",
-    content: normalize(rule),
-    context_name: wordset,
-  }
-}
-
 function sym(name) {
-  return new GrammarSymbol(name);
+  return {
+    type: "SYMBOL",
+    name
+  };
 }
 
 function token(value) {
@@ -184,7 +168,7 @@ function token(value) {
   };
 }
 
-token.immediate = function (value) {
+token.immediate = function(value) {
   checkArguments(arguments, arguments.length, token.immediate, 'token.immediate', '', 'literal');
   return {
     type: "IMMEDIATE_TOKEN",
@@ -211,11 +195,6 @@ function normalize(value) {
         type: 'PATTERN',
         value: value.source
       };
-    case RustRegex:
-      return {
-        type: 'PATTERN',
-        value: value.value
-      };
     case ReferenceError:
       throw value
     default:
@@ -257,7 +236,6 @@ function grammar(baseGrammar, options) {
       inline: [],
       supertypes: [],
       precedences: [],
-      reserved: {},
     };
   } else {
     baseGrammar = baseGrammar.grammar;
@@ -331,28 +309,6 @@ function grammar(baseGrammar, options) {
     }
   }
 
-  let reserved = baseGrammar.reserved;
-  if (options.reserved) {
-    if (typeof options.reserved !== "object") {
-      throw new Error("Grammar's 'reserved' property must be an object.");
-    }
-
-    for (const reservedWordSetName of Object.keys(options.reserved)) {
-      const reservedWordSetFn = options.reserved[reservedWordSetName]
-      if (typeof reservedWordSetFn !== "function") {
-        throw new Error(`Grammar reserved word sets must all be functions. '${reservedWordSetName}' is not.`);
-      }
-
-      const reservedTokens = reservedWordSetFn.call(ruleBuilder, ruleBuilder, baseGrammar.reserved[reservedWordSetName]);
-
-      if (!Array.isArray(reservedTokens)) {
-        throw new Error(`Grammar's reserved word set functions must all return arrays of rules. '${reservedWordSetName}' does not.`);
-      }
-
-      reserved[reservedWordSetName] = reservedTokens.map(normalize);
-    }
-  }
-
   let extras = baseGrammar.extras.slice();
   if (options.extras) {
     if (typeof options.extras !== "function") {
@@ -483,17 +439,10 @@ function grammar(baseGrammar, options) {
       externals,
       inline,
       supertypes,
-      reserved,
     },
   };
 }
 
-class RustRegex {
-  constructor(value) {
-    this.value = value;
-  }
-}
-
 function checkArguments(args, ruleCount, caller, callerName, suffix = '', argType = 'rule') {
   // Allow for .map() usage where additional arguments are index and the entire array.
   const isMapCall = ruleCount === 3 && typeof args[1] === 'number' && Array.isArray(args[2]);
@@ -517,7 +466,6 @@ function checkPrecedence(value) {
 }
 
 function getEnv(name) {
-  if (globalThis.native) return globalThis.__ts_grammar_path;
   if (globalThis.process) return process.env[name]; // Node/Bun
   if (globalThis.Deno) return Deno.env.get(name); // Deno
   throw Error("Unsupported JS runtime");
@@ -530,31 +478,16 @@ globalThis.optional = optional;
 globalThis.prec = prec;
 globalThis.repeat = repeat;
 globalThis.repeat1 = repeat1;
-globalThis.reserved = reserved;
 globalThis.seq = seq;
 globalThis.sym = sym;
 globalThis.token = token;
 globalThis.grammar = grammar;
 globalThis.field = field;
-globalThis.RustRegex = RustRegex;
 
-const grammarPath = getEnv("TREE_SITTER_GRAMMAR_PATH");
+const result = await import(getEnv("TREE_SITTER_GRAMMAR_PATH"));
-let result = await import(grammarPath);
+const output = JSON.stringify(result.default?.grammar ?? result.grammar);
-let grammarObj = result.default?.grammar ?? result.grammar;
 
-if (globalThis.native && !grammarObj) {
+if (globalThis.process) { // Node/Bun
-  grammarObj = module.exports.grammar;
-}
-
-const object = {
-  "$schema": "https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/assets/schemas/grammar.schema.json",
-  ...grammarObj,
-};
-const output = JSON.stringify(object);
-
-if (globalThis.native) {
-  globalThis.output = output;
-} else if (globalThis.process) { // Node/Bun
   process.stdout.write(output);
 } else if (globalThis.Deno) { // Deno
   Deno.stdout.writeSync(new TextEncoder().encode(output));

cli/src/generate/grammar-schema.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
-  "title": "Tree-sitter grammar specification",
+  "title": "tree-sitter grammar specification",
   "type": "object",
 
   "required": ["name", "rules"],
@@ -8,18 +8,14 @@
   "additionalProperties": false,
 
   "properties": {
-    "$schema": {
-      "type": "string"
-    },
-
     "name": {
-      "description": "The name of the grammar",
+      "description": "the name of the grammar",
       "type": "string",
       "pattern": "^[a-zA-Z_]\\w*"
     },
 
     "inherits": {
-      "description": "The name of the parent grammar",
+      "description": "the name of the parent grammar",
       "type": "string",
       "pattern": "^[a-zA-Z_]\\w*"
     },
@@ -57,20 +53,6 @@
       }
     },
 
-    "reserved": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "patternProperties": {
-        "^[a-zA-Z_]\\w*$": {
-          "type": "array",
-          "uniqueItems": true,
-          "items": {
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/rule"
-          }
-        }
-      },
-      "additionalProperties": false
-    },
-
     "externals": {
       "type": "array",
       "uniqueItems": true,
@@ -107,11 +89,11 @@
     },
 
     "supertypes": {
-      "description": "A list of hidden rule names that should be considered supertypes in the generated node types file. See https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/using-parsers/6-static-node-types.",
+      "description": "A list of hidden rule names that should be considered supertypes in the generated node types file. See https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/using-parsers#static-node-types.",
       "type": "array",
       "uniqueItems": true,
       "items": {
-        "description": "The name of a rule in `rules` or `extras`",
+        "description": "the name of a rule in `rules` or `extras`",
         "type": "string"
       }
     }
@@ -123,7 +105,7 @@
       "properties": {
         "type": {
           "type": "string",
-          "const": "BLANK"
+          "pattern": "^BLANK$"
         }
       },
       "required": ["type"]
@@ -134,7 +116,7 @@
       "properties": {
         "type": {
           "type": "string",
-          "const": "STRING"
+          "pattern": "^STRING$"
         },
         "value": {
           "type": "string"
@@ -148,7 +130,7 @@
       "properties": {
         "type": {
           "type": "string",
-          "const": "PATTERN"
+          "pattern": "^PATTERN$"
         },
         "value": { "type": "string" },
         "flags": { "type": "string" }
@@ -161,7 +143,7 @@
       "properties": {
         "type": {
           "type": "string",
-          "const": "SYMBOL"
+          "pattern": "^SYMBOL$"
         },
         "name": { "type": "string" }
       },
@@ -173,7 +155,7 @@
       "properties": {
         "type": {
           "type": "string",
-          "const": "SEQ"
+          "pattern": "^SEQ$"
         },
         "members": {
           "type": "array",
@@ -190,7 +172,7 @@
       "properties": {
         "type": {
           "type": "string",
-          "const": "CHOICE"
+          "pattern": "^CHOICE$"
         },
         "members": {
           "type": "array",
@@ -207,10 +189,14 @@
       "properties": {
         "type": {
           "type": "string",
-          "const": "ALIAS"
+          "pattern": "^ALIAS$"
+        },
+        "value": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "named": {
+          "type": "boolean"
         },
-        "value": { "type": "string" },
-        "named": { "type": "boolean" },
         "content": {
           "$ref": "#/definitions/rule"
         }
@@ -223,7 +209,7 @@
       "properties": {
         "type": {
           "type": "string",
-          "const": "REPEAT"
+          "pattern": "^REPEAT$"
         },
         "content": {
           "$ref": "#/definitions/rule"
@@ -237,7 +223,7 @@
       "properties": {
         "type": {
           "type": "string",
-          "const": "REPEAT1"
+          "pattern": "^REPEAT1$"
         },
         "content": {
           "$ref": "#/definitions/rule"
@@ -246,30 +232,12 @@
       "required": ["type", "content"]
     },
 
-    "reserved-rule": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "type": {
-          "type": "string",
-          "const": "RESERVED"
-        },
-        "context_name": { "type": "string" },
-        "content": {
-          "$ref": "#/definitions/rule"
-        }
-      },
-      "required": ["type", "context_name", "content"]
-    },
-
     "token-rule": {
       "type": "object",
       "properties": {
         "type": {
           "type": "string",
-          "enum": [
+          "pattern": "^(TOKEN|IMMEDIATE_TOKEN)$"
-            "TOKEN",
-            "IMMEDIATE_TOKEN"
-          ]
         },
         "content": {
           "$ref": "#/definitions/rule"
@@ -283,7 +251,7 @@
         "name": { "type": "string" },
         "type": {
           "type": "string",
-          "const": "FIELD"
+          "pattern": "^FIELD$"
         },
         "content": {
           "$ref": "#/definitions/rule"
@@ -297,12 +265,7 @@
       "properties": {
         "type": {
           "type": "string",
-          "enum": [
+          "pattern": "^(PREC|PREC_LEFT|PREC_RIGHT|PREC_DYNAMIC)$"
-            "PREC",
-            "PREC_LEFT",
-            "PREC_RIGHT",
-            "PREC_DYNAMIC"
-          ]
         },
         "value": {
           "oneof": [
@@ -328,7 +291,6 @@
         { "$ref": "#/definitions/choice-rule" },
         { "$ref": "#/definitions/repeat1-rule" },
         { "$ref": "#/definitions/repeat-rule" },
-        { "$ref": "#/definitions/reserved-rule" },
         { "$ref": "#/definitions/token-rule" },
         { "$ref": "#/definitions/field-rule" },
         { "$ref": "#/definitions/prec-rule" }

cli/src/generate/grammar_files.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,685 @@
+use std::{
+    fs,
+    fs::File,
+    io::BufReader,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    str,
+};
+
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Context, Result};
+use heck::{ToKebabCase, ToShoutySnakeCase, ToSnakeCase, ToUpperCamelCase};
+use indoc::indoc;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde_json::{json, Map, Value};
+
+use super::write_file;
+
+const CLI_VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
+const CLI_VERSION_PLACEHOLDER: &str = "CLI_VERSION";
+
+const PARSER_NAME_PLACEHOLDER: &str = "PARSER_NAME";
+const CAMEL_PARSER_NAME_PLACEHOLDER: &str = "CAMEL_PARSER_NAME";
+const UPPER_PARSER_NAME_PLACEHOLDER: &str = "UPPER_PARSER_NAME";
+const LOWER_PARSER_NAME_PLACEHOLDER: &str = "LOWER_PARSER_NAME";
+
+const GRAMMAR_JS_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/grammar.js");
+const PACKAGE_JSON_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/package.json");
+const GITIGNORE_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/gitignore");
+const GITATTRIBUTES_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/gitattributes");
+const EDITORCONFIG_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/.editorconfig");
+
+const RUST_BINDING_VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");
+const RUST_BINDING_VERSION_PLACEHOLDER: &str = "RUST_BINDING_VERSION";
+
+const LIB_RS_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/lib.rs");
+const BUILD_RS_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/build.rs");
+const CARGO_TOML_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/_cargo.toml");
+
+const INDEX_JS_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/index.js");
+const INDEX_D_TS_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/index.d.ts");
+const JS_BINDING_CC_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/js-binding.cc");
+const BINDING_GYP_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/binding.gyp");
+const BINDING_TEST_JS_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/binding_test.js");
+
+const MAKEFILE_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/makefile");
+const PARSER_NAME_H_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/PARSER_NAME.h");
+const PARSER_NAME_PC_IN_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/PARSER_NAME.pc.in");
+
+const GO_MOD_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/go.mod");
+const BINDING_GO_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/binding.go");
+const BINDING_TEST_GO_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/binding_test.go");
+
+const SETUP_PY_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/setup.py");
+const INIT_PY_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/__init__.py");
+const INIT_PYI_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/__init__.pyi");
+const PYPROJECT_TOML_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/pyproject.toml");
+const PY_BINDING_C_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/py-binding.c");
+const TEST_BINDING_PY_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/test_binding.py");
+
+const PACKAGE_SWIFT_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/package.swift");
+const TESTS_SWIFT_TEMPLATE: &str = include_str!("./templates/tests.swift");
+
+#[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
+struct LanguageConfiguration {}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
+pub struct PackageJSON {
+    #[serde(rename = "tree-sitter")]
+    tree_sitter: Option<Vec<LanguageConfiguration>>,
+}
+
+pub fn path_in_ignore(repo_path: &Path) -> bool {
+    [
+        "bindings",
+        "build",
+        "examples",
+        "node_modules",
+        "queries",
+        "script",
+        "src",
+        "target",
+        "test",
+        "types",
+    ]
+    .iter()
+    .any(|dir| repo_path.ends_with(dir))
+}
+
+fn insert_after(
+    map: Map<String, Value>,
+    after: &str,
+    key: &str,
+    value: Value,
+) -> Map<String, Value> {
+    let mut entries = map.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let after_index = entries
+        .iter()
+        .position(|(k, _)| k == after)
+        .unwrap_or(entries.len() - 1)
+        + 1;
+    entries.insert(after_index, (key.to_string(), value));
+    entries.into_iter().collect()
+}
+
+pub fn generate_grammar_files(
+    repo_path: &Path,
+    language_name: &str,
+    generate_bindings: bool,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let dashed_language_name = language_name.to_kebab_case();
+
+    // TODO: remove legacy code updates in v0.24.0
+
+    // Create or update package.json
+    let package_json_path_state = missing_path_else(
+        repo_path.join("package.json"),
+        |path| generate_file(path, PACKAGE_JSON_TEMPLATE, dashed_language_name.as_str()),
+        |path| {
+            let package_json_str =
+                fs::read_to_string(path).with_context(|| "Failed to read package.json")?;
+            let mut package_json = serde_json::from_str::<Map<String, Value>>(&package_json_str)
+                .with_context(|| "Failed to parse package.json")?;
+            if generate_bindings {
+                let mut updated = false;
+
+                let dependencies = package_json
+                    .entry("dependencies".to_string())
+                    .or_insert_with(|| Value::Object(Map::new()))
+                    .as_object_mut()
+                    .unwrap();
+                if dependencies.remove("nan").is_some() {
+                    eprintln!("Replacing nan dependency with node-addon-api in package.json");
+                    dependencies.insert("node-addon-api".to_string(), "^8.0.0".into());
+                    updated = true;
+                }
+                if !dependencies.contains_key("node-gyp-build") {
+                    eprintln!("Adding node-gyp-build dependency to package.json");
+                    dependencies.insert("node-gyp-build".to_string(), "^4.8.1".into());
+                    updated = true;
+                }
+
+                let dev_dependencies = package_json
+                    .entry("devDependencies".to_string())
+                    .or_insert_with(|| Value::Object(Map::new()))
+                    .as_object_mut()
+                    .unwrap();
+                if !dev_dependencies.contains_key("prebuildify") {
+                    eprintln!("Adding prebuildify devDependency to package.json");
+                    dev_dependencies.insert("prebuildify".to_string(), "^6.0.1".into());
+                    updated = true;
+                }
+
+                let node_test = "node --test bindings/node/*_test.js";
+                let scripts = package_json
+                    .entry("scripts".to_string())
+                    .or_insert_with(|| Value::Object(Map::new()))
+                    .as_object_mut()
+                    .unwrap();
+                if !scripts.get("test").is_some_and(|v| v == node_test) {
+                    eprintln!("Updating package.json scripts");
+                    *scripts = Map::from_iter([
+                        ("install".to_string(), "node-gyp-build".into()),
+                        ("prestart".to_string(), "tree-sitter build --wasm".into()),
+                        ("start".to_string(), "tree-sitter playground".into()),
+                        ("test".to_string(), node_test.into()),
+                    ]);
+                    updated = true;
+                }
+
+                // insert `peerDependencies` after `dependencies`
+                if !package_json.contains_key("peerDependencies") {
+                    eprintln!("Adding peerDependencies to package.json");
+                    package_json = insert_after(
+                        package_json,
+                        "dependencies",
+                        "peerDependencies",
+                        json!({"tree-sitter": "^0.21.1"}),
+                    );
+
+                    package_json = insert_after(
+                        package_json,
+                        "peerDependencies",
+                        "peerDependenciesMeta",
+                        json!({"tree_sitter": {"optional": true}}),
+                    );
+                    updated = true;
+                }
+
+                // insert `types` right after `main`
+                if !package_json.contains_key("types") {
+                    eprintln!("Adding types to package.json");
+                    package_json =
+                        insert_after(package_json, "main", "types", "bindings/node".into());
+                    updated = true;
+                }
+
+                // insert `files` right after `keywords`
+                if !package_json.contains_key("files") {
+                    eprintln!("Adding files to package.json");
+                    package_json = insert_after(
+                        package_json,
+                        "keywords",
+                        "files",
+                        json!([
+                            "grammar.js",
+                            "binding.gyp",
+                            "prebuilds/**",
+                            "bindings/node/*",
+                            "queries/*",
+                            "src/**",
+                            "*.wasm"
+                        ]),
+                    );
+                    updated = true;
+                }
+
+                // insert `tree-sitter` at the end
+                if !package_json.contains_key("tree-sitter") {
+                    eprintln!("Adding a `tree-sitter` section to package.json");
+                    package_json.insert(
+                        "tree-sitter".to_string(),
+                        json!([{
+                            "scope": format!("source.{language_name}"),
+                            "injection-regex": format!("^{language_name}$"),
+                        }]),
+                    );
+                    updated = true;
+                }
+
+                if updated {
+                    let mut package_json_str = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&package_json)?;
+                    package_json_str.push('\n');
+                    write_file(path, package_json_str)?;
+                }
+            }
+
+            Ok(())
+        },
+    )?;
+
+    let package_json = match lookup_package_json_for_path(package_json_path_state.as_path()) {
+        Ok((_, p)) => p,
+        Err(e) if generate_bindings => return Err(e),
+        _ => return Ok(()),
+    };
+
+    // Do not create a grammar.js file in a repo with multiple language configs
+    if !package_json.has_multiple_language_configs() {
+        missing_path(repo_path.join("grammar.js"), |path| {
+            generate_file(path, GRAMMAR_JS_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+        })?;
+    }
+
+    if !generate_bindings {
+        // our job is done
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    // Write .gitignore file
+    missing_path(repo_path.join(".gitignore"), |path| {
+        generate_file(path, GITIGNORE_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+    })?;
+
+    // Write .gitattributes file
+    missing_path(repo_path.join(".gitattributes"), |path| {
+        generate_file(path, GITATTRIBUTES_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+    })?;
+
+    // Write .editorconfig file
+    missing_path(repo_path.join(".editorconfig"), |path| {
+        generate_file(path, EDITORCONFIG_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+    })?;
+
+    let bindings_dir = repo_path.join("bindings");
+
+    // Generate Rust bindings
+    missing_path(bindings_dir.join("rust"), create_dir)?.apply(|path| {
+        missing_path_else(
+            path.join("lib.rs"),
+            |path| generate_file(path, LIB_RS_TEMPLATE, language_name),
+            |path| {
+                let lib_rs =
+                    fs::read_to_string(path).with_context(|| "Failed to read lib.rs")?;
+                if !lib_rs.contains("tree_sitter_language") {
+                    generate_file(path, LIB_RS_TEMPLATE, language_name)?;
+                    eprintln!("Updated lib.rs with `tree_sitter_language` dependency");
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        missing_path_else(
+            path.join("build.rs"),
+            |path| generate_file(path, BUILD_RS_TEMPLATE, language_name),
+            |path| {
+                let build_rs =
+                    fs::read_to_string(path).with_context(|| "Failed to read build.rs")?;
+                if !build_rs.contains("-utf-8") {
+                    let index = build_rs
+                        .find("    let parser_path = src_dir.join(\"parser.c\")")
+                        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!(indoc!{
+                            "Failed to auto-update build.rs with the `/utf-8` flag for windows.
+                             To fix this, remove `bindings/rust/build.rs` and re-run `tree-sitter generate`"}))?;
+
+                    let build_rs = format!(
+                        "{}{}{}\n{}",
+                        &build_rs[..index],
+                        "    #[cfg(target_env = \"msvc\")]\n",
+                        "    c_config.flag(\"-utf-8\");\n",
+                        &build_rs[index..]
+                    );
+
+                    write_file(path, build_rs)?;
+                    eprintln!("Updated build.rs with the /utf-8 flag for Windows compilation");
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        missing_path_else(
+            repo_path.join("Cargo.toml"),
+            |path| generate_file(path, CARGO_TOML_TEMPLATE, dashed_language_name.as_str()),
+            |path| {
+                let cargo_toml =
+                    fs::read_to_string(path).with_context(|| "Failed to read Cargo.toml")?;
+                if !cargo_toml.contains("tree-sitter-language") {
+                    let start_index = cargo_toml
+                        .find("tree-sitter = \"")
+                        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Failed to find the `tree-sitter` dependency in Cargo.toml"))?;
+
+                    let version_start_index = start_index + "tree-sitter = \"".len();
+                    let version_end_index = cargo_toml[version_start_index..]
+                        .find('\"')
+                        .map(|i| i + version_start_index)
+                        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Failed to find the end of the `tree-sitter` version in Cargo.toml"))?;
+
+                    let cargo_toml = format!(
+                        "{}{}{}\n{}\n{}",
+                        &cargo_toml[..start_index],
+                        "tree-sitter-language = \"0.1.0\"",
+                        &cargo_toml[version_end_index + 1..],
+                        "[dev-dependencies]",
+                        "tree-sitter = \"0.23\"",
+                    );
+
+                    write_file(path, cargo_toml)?;
+                    eprintln!("Updated Cargo.toml with the `tree-sitter-language` dependency");
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+
+    // Generate Node bindings
+    missing_path(bindings_dir.join("node"), create_dir)?.apply(|path| {
+        missing_path_else(
+            path.join("index.js"),
+            |path| generate_file(path, INDEX_JS_TEMPLATE, language_name),
+            |path| {
+                let index_js =
+                    fs::read_to_string(path).with_context(|| "Failed to read index.js")?;
+                if index_js.contains("../../build/Release") {
+                    eprintln!("Replacing index.js with new binding API");
+                    generate_file(path, INDEX_JS_TEMPLATE, language_name)?;
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        missing_path(path.join("index.d.ts"), |path| {
+            generate_file(path, INDEX_D_TS_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+        })?;
+
+        missing_path(path.join("binding_test.js"), |path| {
+            generate_file(path, BINDING_TEST_JS_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+        })?;
+
+        missing_path_else(
+            path.join("binding.cc"),
+            |path| generate_file(path, JS_BINDING_CC_TEMPLATE, language_name),
+            |path| {
+                let binding_cc =
+                    fs::read_to_string(path).with_context(|| "Failed to read binding.cc")?;
+                if binding_cc.contains("NAN_METHOD(New) {}") {
+                    eprintln!("Replacing binding.cc with new binding API");
+                    generate_file(path, JS_BINDING_CC_TEMPLATE, language_name)?;
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        // Create binding.gyp, or update it with new binding API.
+        missing_path_else(
+            repo_path.join("binding.gyp"),
+            |path| generate_file(path, BINDING_GYP_TEMPLATE, language_name),
+            |path| {
+                let binding_gyp =
+                    fs::read_to_string(path).with_context(|| "Failed to read binding.gyp")?;
+                if binding_gyp.contains("require('nan')") {
+                    eprintln!("Replacing binding.gyp with new binding API");
+                    generate_file(path, BINDING_GYP_TEMPLATE, language_name)?;
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+
+    // Generate C bindings
+    missing_path(bindings_dir.join("c"), create_dir)?.apply(|path| {
+        missing_path(
+            path.join(format!("tree-sitter-{language_name}.h")),
+            |path| generate_file(path, PARSER_NAME_H_TEMPLATE, language_name),
+        )?;
+
+        missing_path(
+            path.join(format!("tree-sitter-{language_name}.pc.in")),
+            |path| generate_file(path, PARSER_NAME_PC_IN_TEMPLATE, language_name),
+        )?;
+
+        missing_path(repo_path.join("Makefile"), |path| {
+            generate_file(path, MAKEFILE_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+
+    // Generate Go bindings
+    missing_path(bindings_dir.join("go"), create_dir)?.apply(|path| {
+        missing_path(path.join("binding.go"), |path| {
+            generate_file(path, BINDING_GO_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+        })?;
+
+        missing_path_else(
+            path.join("binding_test.go"),
+            |path| generate_file(path, BINDING_TEST_GO_TEMPLATE, language_name),
+            |path| {
+                let binding_test_go =
+                    fs::read_to_string(path).with_context(|| "Failed to read binding_test.go")?;
+                if binding_test_go.contains("smacker") {
+                    eprintln!("Replacing binding_test.go with new binding API");
+                    generate_file(path, BINDING_TEST_GO_TEMPLATE, language_name)?;
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        // Delete the old go.mod file that lives inside bindings/go, it now lives in the root dir
+        let go_mod_path = path.join("go.mod");
+        if go_mod_path.exists() {
+            fs::remove_file(go_mod_path).with_context(|| "Failed to remove old go.mod file")?;
+        }
+
+        missing_path(repo_path.join("go.mod"), |path| {
+            generate_file(path, GO_MOD_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+
+    // Generate Python bindings
+    missing_path(bindings_dir.join("python"), create_dir)?.apply(|path| {
+        let lang_path = path.join(format!("tree_sitter_{}", language_name.to_snake_case()));
+        missing_path(&lang_path, create_dir)?;
+
+        missing_path_else(
+            lang_path.join("binding.c"),
+            |path| generate_file(path, PY_BINDING_C_TEMPLATE, language_name),
+            |path| {
+                let binding_c = fs::read_to_string(path)
+                    .with_context(|| "Failed to read bindings/python/binding.c")?;
+                if !binding_c.contains("PyCapsule_New") {
+                    eprintln!("Replacing bindings/python/binding.c with new binding API");
+                    generate_file(path, PY_BINDING_C_TEMPLATE, language_name)?;
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        missing_path(lang_path.join("__init__.py"), |path| {
+            generate_file(path, INIT_PY_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+        })?;
+
+        missing_path(lang_path.join("__init__.pyi"), |path| {
+            generate_file(path, INIT_PYI_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+        })?;
+
+        missing_path(lang_path.join("py.typed"), |path| {
+            generate_file(path, "", language_name) // py.typed is empty
+        })?;
+
+        missing_path(path.join("tests"), create_dir)?.apply(|path| {
+            missing_path(path.join("test_binding.py"), |path| {
+                generate_file(path, TEST_BINDING_PY_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+            })?;
+            Ok(())
+        })?;
+
+        missing_path(repo_path.join("setup.py"), |path| {
+            generate_file(path, SETUP_PY_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+        })?;
+
+        missing_path(repo_path.join("pyproject.toml"), |path| {
+            generate_file(path, PYPROJECT_TOML_TEMPLATE, dashed_language_name.as_str())
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+
+    // Generate Swift bindings
+    missing_path(bindings_dir.join("swift"), create_dir)?.apply(|path| {
+        let lang_path = path.join(format!("TreeSitter{}", language_name.to_upper_camel_case()));
+        missing_path(&lang_path, create_dir)?;
+
+        missing_path(lang_path.join(format!("{language_name}.h")), |path| {
+            generate_file(path, PARSER_NAME_H_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+        })?;
+
+        missing_path(
+            path.join(format!(
+                "TreeSitter{}Tests",
+                language_name.to_upper_camel_case()
+            )),
+            create_dir,
+        )?
+        .apply(|path| {
+            missing_path(
+                path.join(format!(
+                    "TreeSitter{}Tests.swift",
+                    language_name.to_upper_camel_case()
+                )),
+                |path| generate_file(path, TESTS_SWIFT_TEMPLATE, language_name),
+            )?;
+
+            Ok(())
+        })?;
+
+        missing_path(repo_path.join("Package.swift"), |path| {
+            generate_file(path, PACKAGE_SWIFT_TEMPLATE, language_name)
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn lookup_package_json_for_path(path: &Path) -> Result<(PathBuf, PackageJSON)> {
+    let mut pathbuf = path.to_owned();
+    loop {
+        let package_json = pathbuf
+            .exists()
+            .then(|| -> Result<PackageJSON> {
+                let file =
+                    File::open(pathbuf.as_path()).with_context(|| "Failed to open package.json")?;
+                serde_json::from_reader(BufReader::new(file)).context(
+                    "Failed to parse package.json, is the `tree-sitter` section malformed?",
+                )
+            })
+            .transpose()?;
+        if let Some(package_json) = package_json {
+            if package_json.tree_sitter.is_some() {
+                return Ok((pathbuf, package_json));
+            }
+        }
+        pathbuf.pop(); // package.json
+        if !pathbuf.pop() {
+            return Err(anyhow!(concat!(
+                "Failed to locate a package.json file that has a \"tree-sitter\" section,",
+                " please ensure you have one, and if you don't then consult the docs",
+            )));
+        }
+        pathbuf.push("package.json");
+    }
+}
+
+fn generate_file(path: &Path, template: &str, language_name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    write_file(
+        path,
+        template
+            .replace(
+                CAMEL_PARSER_NAME_PLACEHOLDER,
+                &language_name.to_upper_camel_case(),
+            )
+            .replace(
+                UPPER_PARSER_NAME_PLACEHOLDER,
+                &language_name.to_shouty_snake_case(),
+            )
+            .replace(
+                LOWER_PARSER_NAME_PLACEHOLDER,
+                &language_name.to_snake_case(),
+            )
+            .replace(PARSER_NAME_PLACEHOLDER, language_name)
+            .replace(CLI_VERSION_PLACEHOLDER, CLI_VERSION)
+            .replace(RUST_BINDING_VERSION_PLACEHOLDER, RUST_BINDING_VERSION),
+    )
+}
+
+fn create_dir(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    fs::create_dir_all(path)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to create {:?}", path.to_string_lossy()))
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+enum PathState<P>
+where
+    P: AsRef<Path>,
+{
+    Exists(P),
+    Missing(P),
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+impl<P> PathState<P>
+where
+    P: AsRef<Path>,
+{
+    fn exists(&self, mut action: impl FnMut(&Path) -> Result<()>) -> Result<&Self> {
+        if let Self::Exists(path) = self {
+            action(path.as_ref())?;
+        }
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
+    fn missing(&self, mut action: impl FnMut(&Path) -> Result<()>) -> Result<&Self> {
+        if let Self::Missing(path) = self {
+            action(path.as_ref())?;
+        }
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
+    fn apply(&self, mut action: impl FnMut(&Path) -> Result<()>) -> Result<&Self> {
+        action(self.as_path())?;
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
+    fn apply_state(&self, mut action: impl FnMut(&Self) -> Result<()>) -> Result<&Self> {
+        action(self)?;
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
+    fn as_path(&self) -> &Path {
+        match self {
+            Self::Exists(path) | Self::Missing(path) => path.as_ref(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn missing_path<P, F>(path: P, mut action: F) -> Result<PathState<P>>
+where
+    P: AsRef<Path>,
+    F: FnMut(&Path) -> Result<()>,
+{
+    let path_ref = path.as_ref();
+    if !path_ref.exists() {
+        action(path_ref)?;
+        Ok(PathState::Missing(path))
+    } else {
+        Ok(PathState::Exists(path))
+    }
+}
+
+fn missing_path_else<P, T, F>(path: P, mut action: T, mut else_action: F) -> Result<PathState<P>>
+where
+    P: AsRef<Path>,
+    T: FnMut(&Path) -> Result<()>,
+    F: FnMut(&Path) -> Result<()>,
+{
+    let path_ref = path.as_ref();
+    if !path_ref.exists() {
+        action(path_ref)?;
+        Ok(PathState::Missing(path))
+    } else {
+        else_action(path_ref)?;
+        Ok(PathState::Exists(path))
+    }
+}
+
+impl PackageJSON {
+    fn has_multiple_language_configs(&self) -> bool {
+        self.tree_sitter.as_ref().is_some_and(|c| c.len() > 1)
+    }
+}

cli/src/generate/grammars.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::{collections::HashMap, fmt};
 
 use super::{
     nfa::Nfa,
-    rules::{Alias, Associativity, Precedence, Rule, Symbol, TokenSet},
+    rules::{Alias, Associativity, Precedence, Rule, Symbol},
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
@@ -39,13 +39,6 @@ pub struct InputGrammar {
     pub variables_to_inline: Vec<String>,
     pub supertype_symbols: Vec<String>,
     pub word_token: Option<String>,
-    pub reserved_words: Vec<ReservedWordContext<Rule>>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct ReservedWordContext<T> {
-    pub name: String,
-    pub reserved_words: Vec<T>,
 }
 
 // Extracted lexical grammar
@@ -73,20 +66,8 @@ pub struct ProductionStep {
     pub associativity: Option<Associativity>,
     pub alias: Option<Alias>,
     pub field_name: Option<String>,
-    pub reserved_word_set_id: ReservedWordSetId,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-pub struct ReservedWordSetId(pub usize);
-
-impl fmt::Display for ReservedWordSetId {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        self.0.fmt(f)
-    }
-}
-
-pub const NO_RESERVED_WORDS: ReservedWordSetId = ReservedWordSetId(usize::MAX);
-
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Production {
     pub steps: Vec<ProductionStep>,
@@ -123,44 +104,50 @@ pub struct SyntaxGrammar {
     pub variables_to_inline: Vec<Symbol>,
     pub word_token: Option<Symbol>,
     pub precedence_orderings: Vec<Vec<PrecedenceEntry>>,
-    pub reserved_word_sets: Vec<TokenSet>,
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 impl ProductionStep {
-    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(symbol: Symbol) -> Self {
-    pub fn new(symbol: Symbol) -> Self {
         Self {
             symbol,
             precedence: Precedence::None,
             associativity: None,
             alias: None,
             field_name: None,
-            reserved_word_set_id: ReservedWordSetId::default(),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn with_prec(
+    pub fn with_prec(self, precedence: Precedence, associativity: Option<Associativity>) -> Self {
-        mut self,
+        Self {
-        precedence: Precedence,
+            symbol: self.symbol,
-        associativity: Option<Associativity>,
+            precedence,
-    ) -> Self {
+            associativity,
-        self.precedence = precedence;
+            alias: self.alias,
-        self.associativity = associativity;
+            field_name: self.field_name,
-        self
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn with_alias(mut self, value: &str, is_named: bool) -> Self {
+    pub fn with_alias(self, value: &str, is_named: bool) -> Self {
-        self.alias = Some(Alias {
+        Self {
-            value: value.to_string(),
+            symbol: self.symbol,
-            is_named,
+            precedence: self.precedence,
-        });
+            associativity: self.associativity,
-        self
+            alias: Some(Alias {
+                value: value.to_string(),
+                is_named,
+            }),
+            field_name: self.field_name,
+        }
     }
-
+    pub fn with_field_name(self, name: &str) -> Self {
-    pub fn with_field_name(mut self, name: &str) -> Self {
+        Self {
-        self.field_name = Some(name.to_string());
+            symbol: self.symbol,
-        self
+            precedence: self.precedence,
+            associativity: self.associativity,
+            alias: self.alias,
+            field_name: Some(name.to_string()),
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -253,7 +240,7 @@ impl InlinedProductionMap {
         step_index: u32,
     ) -> Option<impl Iterator<Item = &'a Production> + 'a> {
         self.production_map
-            .get(&(std::ptr::from_ref::<Production>(production), step_index))
+            .get(&(production as *const Production, step_index))
             .map(|production_indices| {
                 production_indices
                     .iter()

cli/src/generate/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+use std::{
+    env, fs,
+    io::Write,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    process::{Command, Stdio},
+};
+
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Context, Result};
+use build_tables::build_tables;
+use grammar_files::path_in_ignore;
+use grammars::InputGrammar;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use parse_grammar::parse_grammar;
+use prepare_grammar::prepare_grammar;
+use regex::{Regex, RegexBuilder};
+use render::render_c_code;
+use semver::Version;
+
+mod build_tables;
+mod dedup;
+mod grammar_files;
+mod grammars;
+mod nfa;
+mod node_types;
+pub mod parse_grammar;
+mod prepare_grammar;
+mod render;
+mod rules;
+mod tables;
+
+pub use grammar_files::lookup_package_json_for_path;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref JSON_COMMENT_REGEX: Regex = RegexBuilder::new("^\\s*//.*")
+        .multi_line(true)
+        .build()
+        .unwrap();
+}
+
+struct GeneratedParser {
+    c_code: String,
+    node_types_json: String,
+}
+
+pub const ALLOC_HEADER: &str = include_str!("./templates/alloc.h");
+
+pub fn generate_parser_in_directory(
+    repo_path: &Path,
+    grammar_path: Option<&str>,
+    abi_version: usize,
+    generate_bindings: bool,
+    report_symbol_name: Option<&str>,
+    js_runtime: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut repo_path = repo_path.to_owned();
+    let mut grammar_path = grammar_path;
+
+    // Populate a new empty grammar directory.
+    if let Some(path) = grammar_path {
+        let path = PathBuf::from(path);
+        if !path
+            .try_exists()
+            .with_context(|| "Some error with specified path")?
+        {
+            fs::create_dir_all(&path)?;
+            grammar_path = None;
+            repo_path = path;
+        }
+    }
+
+    let grammar_path = grammar_path
+        .map(PathBuf::from)
+        .unwrap_or(repo_path.join("grammar.js"));
+
+    if repo_path.is_dir() && !grammar_path.exists() && !path_in_ignore(&repo_path) {
+        if let Some(dir_name) = repo_path
+            .file_name()
+            .map(|x| x.to_string_lossy().to_ascii_lowercase())
+        {
+            if let Some(language_name) = dir_name
+                .strip_prefix("tree-sitter-")
+                .or_else(|| Some(dir_name.as_ref()))
+            {
+                grammar_files::generate_grammar_files(&repo_path, language_name, false)?;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Read the grammar file.
+    let grammar_json = load_grammar_file(&grammar_path, js_runtime)?;
+
+    let src_path = repo_path.join("src");
+    let header_path = src_path.join("tree_sitter");
+
+    // Ensure that the output directories exist.
+    fs::create_dir_all(&src_path)?;
+    fs::create_dir_all(&header_path)?;
+
+    if grammar_path.file_name().unwrap() != "grammar.json" {
+        fs::write(src_path.join("grammar.json"), &grammar_json)
+            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write grammar.json to {src_path:?}"))?;
+    }
+
+    // Parse and preprocess the grammar.
+    let input_grammar = parse_grammar(&grammar_json)?;
+
+    // Generate the parser and related files.
+    let GeneratedParser {
+        c_code,
+        node_types_json,
+    } = generate_parser_for_grammar_with_opts(&input_grammar, abi_version, report_symbol_name)?;
+
+    write_file(&src_path.join("parser.c"), c_code)?;
+    write_file(&src_path.join("node-types.json"), node_types_json)?;
+    write_file(&header_path.join("alloc.h"), ALLOC_HEADER)?;
+    write_file(&header_path.join("array.h"), tree_sitter::ARRAY_HEADER)?;
+    write_file(&header_path.join("parser.h"), tree_sitter::PARSER_HEADER)?;
+
+    if !path_in_ignore(&repo_path) && grammar_path == repo_path.join("grammar.js") {
+        grammar_files::generate_grammar_files(&repo_path, &input_grammar.name, generate_bindings)?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn generate_parser_for_grammar(grammar_json: &str) -> Result<(String, String)> {
+    let grammar_json = JSON_COMMENT_REGEX.replace_all(grammar_json, "\n");
+    let input_grammar = parse_grammar(&grammar_json)?;
+    let parser =
+        generate_parser_for_grammar_with_opts(&input_grammar, tree_sitter::LANGUAGE_VERSION, None)?;
+    Ok((input_grammar.name, parser.c_code))
+}
+
+fn generate_parser_for_grammar_with_opts(
+    input_grammar: &InputGrammar,
+    abi_version: usize,
+    report_symbol_name: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<GeneratedParser> {
+    let (syntax_grammar, lexical_grammar, inlines, simple_aliases) =
+        prepare_grammar(input_grammar)?;
+    let variable_info =
+        node_types::get_variable_info(&syntax_grammar, &lexical_grammar, &simple_aliases)?;
+    let node_types_json = node_types::generate_node_types_json(
+        &syntax_grammar,
+        &lexical_grammar,
+        &simple_aliases,
+        &variable_info,
+    );
+    let tables = build_tables(
+        &syntax_grammar,
+        &lexical_grammar,
+        &simple_aliases,
+        &variable_info,
+        &inlines,
+        report_symbol_name,
+    )?;
+    let c_code = render_c_code(
+        &input_grammar.name,
+        tables,
+        syntax_grammar,
+        lexical_grammar,
+        simple_aliases,
+        abi_version,
+    );
+    Ok(GeneratedParser {
+        c_code,
+        node_types_json: serde_json::to_string_pretty(&node_types_json).unwrap(),
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn load_grammar_file(grammar_path: &Path, js_runtime: Option<&str>) -> Result<String> {
+    if grammar_path.is_dir() {
+        return Err(anyhow!(
+            "Path to a grammar file with `.js` or `.json` extension is required"
+        ));
+    }
+    match grammar_path.extension().and_then(|e| e.to_str()) {
+        Some("js") => Ok(load_js_grammar_file(grammar_path, js_runtime)
+            .with_context(|| "Failed to load grammar.js")?),
+        Some("json") => {
+            Ok(fs::read_to_string(grammar_path).with_context(|| "Failed to load grammar.json")?)
+        }
+        _ => Err(anyhow!("Unknown grammar file extension: {grammar_path:?}",)),
+    }
+}
+
+fn load_js_grammar_file(grammar_path: &Path, js_runtime: Option<&str>) -> Result<String> {
+    let grammar_path = fs::canonicalize(grammar_path)?;
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let grammar_path = url::Url::from_file_path(grammar_path)
+        .expect("Failed to convert path to URL")
+        .to_string();
+
+    let js_runtime = js_runtime.unwrap_or("node");
+
+    let mut js_command = Command::new(js_runtime);
+    match js_runtime {
+        "node" => {
+            js_command.args(["--input-type=module", "-"]);
+        }
+        "bun" => {
+            js_command.arg("-");
+        }
+        "deno" => {
+            js_command.args(["run", "--allow-all", "-"]);
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    let mut js_process = js_command
+        .env("TREE_SITTER_GRAMMAR_PATH", grammar_path)
+        .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+        .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+        .spawn()
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to run `{js_runtime}`"))?;
+
+    let mut js_stdin = js_process
+        .stdin
+        .take()
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to open stdin for {js_runtime}"))?;
+    let cli_version = Version::parse(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"))
+        .with_context(|| "Could not parse this package's version as semver.")?;
+    write!(
+        js_stdin,
+        "globalThis.TREE_SITTER_CLI_VERSION_MAJOR = {};
+         globalThis.TREE_SITTER_CLI_VERSION_MINOR = {};
+         globalThis.TREE_SITTER_CLI_VERSION_PATCH = {};",
+        cli_version.major, cli_version.minor, cli_version.patch,
+    )
+    .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write tree-sitter version to {js_runtime}'s stdin"))?;
+    js_stdin
+        .write(include_bytes!("./dsl.js"))
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write grammar dsl to {js_runtime}'s stdin"))?;
+    drop(js_stdin);
+
+    let output = js_process
+        .wait_with_output()
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read output from {js_runtime}"))?;
+    match output.status.code() {
+        None => panic!("{js_runtime} process was killed"),
+        Some(0) => {
+            let stdout = String::from_utf8(output.stdout)
+                .with_context(|| format!("Got invalid UTF8 from {js_runtime}"))?;
+
+            let mut grammar_json = &stdout[..];
+
+            if let Some(pos) = stdout.rfind('\n') {
+                // If there's a newline, split the last line from the rest of the output
+                let node_output = &stdout[..pos];
+                grammar_json = &stdout[pos + 1..];
+
+                let mut stdout = std::io::stdout().lock();
+                stdout.write_all(node_output.as_bytes())?;
+                stdout.write_all(b"\n")?;
+                stdout.flush()?;
+            }
+
+            Ok(serde_json::to_string_pretty(
+                &serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(grammar_json)
+                    .with_context(|| "Failed to parse grammar JSON")?,
+            )
+            .with_context(|| "Failed to serialize grammar JSON")?
+                + "\n")
+        }
+        Some(code) => Err(anyhow!("{js_runtime} process exited with status {code}")),
+    }
+}
+
+fn write_file(path: &Path, body: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
+    fs::write(path, body)
+        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write {:?}", path.file_name().unwrap()))
+}

cli/src/generate/nfa.rs

@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@ impl CharacterSet {
 
     /// Create a character set with a given *inclusive* range of characters.
     #[allow(clippy::single_range_in_vec_init)]
-    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub fn from_range(mut first: char, mut last: char) -> Self {
-    fn from_range(mut first: char, mut last: char) -> Self {
         if first > last {
             swap(&mut first, &mut last);
         }
@@ -287,8 +286,7 @@ impl CharacterSet {
 
     /// Produces a `CharacterSet` containing every character that is in _exactly one_ of `self` or
     /// `other`, but is not present in both sets.
-    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub fn symmetric_difference(mut self, mut other: Self) -> Self {
-    fn symmetric_difference(mut self, mut other: Self) -> Self {
         self.remove_intersection(&mut other);
         self.add(&other)
     }
@@ -363,9 +361,9 @@ impl CharacterSet {
         }) {
             Ok(ix) | Err(ix) => ix,
         };
-        self.ranges
+        self.ranges.get(ix).map_or(false, |range| {
-            .get(ix)
+            range.start <= seek_range.start && range.end >= seek_range.end
-            .is_some_and(|range| range.start <= seek_range.start && range.end >= seek_range.end)
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn contains(&self, c: char) -> bool {
@@ -428,13 +426,11 @@ impl fmt::Debug for CharacterSet {
 }
 
 impl Nfa {
-    #[must_use]
     pub const fn new() -> Self {
         Self { states: Vec::new() }
     }
 
     pub fn last_state_id(&self) -> u32 {
-        assert!(!self.states.is_empty());
         self.states.len() as u32 - 1
     }
 }
@@ -950,19 +946,20 @@ mod tests {
             assert_eq!(
                 left.remove_intersection(&mut right),
                 row.intersection,
-                "row {i}a: {:?} && {:?}",
+                "row {}a: {:?} && {:?}",
+                i,
                 row.left,
                 row.right
             );
             assert_eq!(
                 left, row.left_only,
-                "row {i}a: {:?} - {:?}",
+                "row {}a: {:?} - {:?}",
-                row.left, row.right
+                i, row.left, row.right
             );
             assert_eq!(
                 right, row.right_only,
-                "row {i}a: {:?} - {:?}",
+                "row {}a: {:?} - {:?}",
-                row.right, row.left
+                i, row.right, row.left
             );
 
             let mut left = row.left.clone();
@@ -970,25 +967,27 @@ mod tests {
             assert_eq!(
                 right.remove_intersection(&mut left),
                 row.intersection,
-                "row {i}b: {:?} && {:?}",
+                "row {}b: {:?} && {:?}",
+                i,
                 row.left,
                 row.right
             );
             assert_eq!(
                 left, row.left_only,
-                "row {i}b: {:?} - {:?}",
+                "row {}b: {:?} - {:?}",
-                row.left, row.right
+                i, row.left, row.right
             );
             assert_eq!(
                 right, row.right_only,
-                "row {i}b: {:?} - {:?}",
+                "row {}b: {:?} - {:?}",
-                row.right, row.left
+                i, row.right, row.left
             );
 
             assert_eq!(
                 row.left.clone().difference(row.right.clone()),
                 row.left_only,
-                "row {i}b: {:?} -- {:?}",
+                "row {}b: {:?} -- {:?}",
+                i,
                 row.left,
                 row.right
             );

cli/src/generate/node_types.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::{
+    cmp::Ordering,
+    collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet},
+};
 
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use serde::Serialize;
-use thiserror::Error;
 
 use super::{
     grammars::{LexicalGrammar, SyntaxGrammar, VariableType},
@@ -29,15 +32,12 @@ pub struct VariableInfo {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq, Default, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-#[cfg(feature = "load")]
 pub struct NodeInfoJSON {
     #[serde(rename = "type")]
     kind: String,
     named: bool,
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
     root: bool,
-    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "std::ops::Not::not")]
-    extra: bool,
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     fields: Option<BTreeMap<String, FieldInfoJSON>>,
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ pub struct NodeInfoJSON {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-#[cfg(feature = "load")]
 pub struct NodeTypeJSON {
     #[serde(rename = "type")]
     kind: String,
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ pub struct NodeTypeJSON {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-#[cfg(feature = "load")]
 pub struct FieldInfoJSON {
     multiple: bool,
     required: bool,
@@ -69,7 +67,6 @@ pub struct ChildQuantity {
     multiple: bool,
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "load")]
 impl Default for FieldInfoJSON {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -105,7 +102,7 @@ impl ChildQuantity {
         }
     }
 
-    const fn append(&mut self, other: Self) {
+    fn append(&mut self, other: Self) {
         if other.exists {
             if self.exists || other.multiple {
                 self.multiple = true;
@@ -117,7 +114,7 @@ impl ChildQuantity {
         }
     }
 
-    const fn union(&mut self, other: Self) -> bool {
+    fn union(&mut self, other: Self) -> bool {
         let mut result = false;
         if !self.exists && other.exists {
             result = true;
@@ -135,14 +132,6 @@ impl ChildQuantity {
     }
 }
 
-pub type VariableInfoResult<T> = Result<T, VariableInfoError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub enum VariableInfoError {
-    #[error("Grammar error: Supertype symbols must always have a single visible child, but `{0}` can have multiple")]
-    InvalidSupertype(String),
-}
-
 /// Compute a summary of the public-facing structure of each variable in the
 /// grammar. Each variable in the grammar corresponds to a distinct public-facing
 /// node type.
@@ -168,7 +157,7 @@ pub fn get_variable_info(
     syntax_grammar: &SyntaxGrammar,
     lexical_grammar: &LexicalGrammar,
     default_aliases: &AliasMap,
-) -> VariableInfoResult<Vec<VariableInfo>> {
+) -> Result<Vec<VariableInfo>> {
     let child_type_is_visible = |t: &ChildType| {
         variable_type_for_child_type(t, syntax_grammar, lexical_grammar) >= VariableType::Anonymous
     };
@@ -349,7 +338,13 @@ pub fn get_variable_info(
     for supertype_symbol in &syntax_grammar.supertype_symbols {
         if result[supertype_symbol.index].has_multi_step_production {
             let variable = &syntax_grammar.variables[supertype_symbol.index];
-            Err(VariableInfoError::InvalidSupertype(variable.name.clone()))?;
+            return Err(anyhow!(
+                concat!(
+                    "Grammar error: Supertype symbols must always ",
+                    "have a single visible child, but `{}` can have multiple"
+                ),
+                variable.name
+            ));
         }
     }
 
@@ -374,105 +369,12 @@ pub fn get_variable_info(
     Ok(result)
 }
 
-fn get_aliases_by_symbol(
-    syntax_grammar: &SyntaxGrammar,
-    default_aliases: &AliasMap,
-) -> HashMap<Symbol, BTreeSet<Option<Alias>>> {
-    let mut aliases_by_symbol = HashMap::new();
-    for (symbol, alias) in default_aliases {
-        aliases_by_symbol.insert(*symbol, {
-            let mut aliases = BTreeSet::new();
-            aliases.insert(Some(alias.clone()));
-            aliases
-        });
-    }
-    for extra_symbol in &syntax_grammar.extra_symbols {
-        if !default_aliases.contains_key(extra_symbol) {
-            aliases_by_symbol
-                .entry(*extra_symbol)
-                .or_insert_with(BTreeSet::new)
-                .insert(None);
-        }
-    }
-    for variable in &syntax_grammar.variables {
-        for production in &variable.productions {
-            for step in &production.steps {
-                aliases_by_symbol
-                    .entry(step.symbol)
-                    .or_insert_with(BTreeSet::new)
-                    .insert(
-                        step.alias
-                            .as_ref()
-                            .or_else(|| default_aliases.get(&step.symbol))
-                            .cloned(),
-                    );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    aliases_by_symbol.insert(
-        Symbol::non_terminal(0),
-        std::iter::once(&None).cloned().collect(),
-    );
-    aliases_by_symbol
-}
-
-pub fn get_supertype_symbol_map(
-    syntax_grammar: &SyntaxGrammar,
-    default_aliases: &AliasMap,
-    variable_info: &[VariableInfo],
-) -> BTreeMap<Symbol, Vec<ChildType>> {
-    let aliases_by_symbol = get_aliases_by_symbol(syntax_grammar, default_aliases);
-    let mut supertype_symbol_map = BTreeMap::new();
-
-    let mut symbols_by_alias = HashMap::new();
-    for (symbol, aliases) in &aliases_by_symbol {
-        for alias in aliases.iter().flatten() {
-            symbols_by_alias
-                .entry(alias)
-                .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
-                .push(*symbol);
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (i, info) in variable_info.iter().enumerate() {
-        let symbol = Symbol::non_terminal(i);
-        if syntax_grammar.supertype_symbols.contains(&symbol) {
-            let subtypes = info.children.types.clone();
-            supertype_symbol_map.insert(symbol, subtypes);
-        }
-    }
-    supertype_symbol_map
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "load")]
-pub type SuperTypeCycleResult<T> = Result<T, SuperTypeCycleError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub struct SuperTypeCycleError {
-    items: Vec<String>,
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for SuperTypeCycleError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "Dependency cycle detected in node types:")?;
-        for (i, item) in self.items.iter().enumerate() {
-            write!(f, " {item}")?;
-            if i < self.items.len() - 1 {
-                write!(f, ",")?;
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "load")]
 pub fn generate_node_types_json(
     syntax_grammar: &SyntaxGrammar,
     lexical_grammar: &LexicalGrammar,
     default_aliases: &AliasMap,
     variable_info: &[VariableInfo],
-) -> SuperTypeCycleResult<Vec<NodeInfoJSON>> {
+) -> Vec<NodeInfoJSON> {
     let mut node_types_json = BTreeMap::new();
 
     let child_type_to_node_type = |child_type: &ChildType| match child_type {
@@ -528,32 +430,41 @@ pub fn generate_node_types_json(
         }
     };
 
-    let aliases_by_symbol = get_aliases_by_symbol(syntax_grammar, default_aliases);
+    let mut aliases_by_symbol = HashMap::new();
-
+    for (symbol, alias) in default_aliases {
-    let empty = BTreeSet::new();
+        aliases_by_symbol.insert(*symbol, {
-    let extra_names = syntax_grammar
+            let mut aliases = HashSet::new();
-        .extra_symbols
+            aliases.insert(Some(alias.clone()));
-        .iter()
+            aliases
-        .flat_map(|symbol| {
+        });
+    }
+    for extra_symbol in &syntax_grammar.extra_symbols {
+        if !default_aliases.contains_key(extra_symbol) {
             aliases_by_symbol
-                .get(symbol)
+                .entry(*extra_symbol)
-                .unwrap_or(&empty)
+                .or_insert_with(HashSet::new)
-                .iter()
+                .insert(None);
-                .map(|alias| {
+        }
-                    alias.as_ref().map_or(
+    }
-                        match symbol.kind {
+    for variable in &syntax_grammar.variables {
-                            SymbolType::NonTerminal => &syntax_grammar.variables[symbol.index].name,
+        for production in &variable.productions {
-                            SymbolType::Terminal => &lexical_grammar.variables[symbol.index].name,
+            for step in &production.steps {
-                            SymbolType::External => {
+                aliases_by_symbol
-                                &syntax_grammar.external_tokens[symbol.index].name
+                    .entry(step.symbol)
-                            }
+                    .or_insert_with(HashSet::new)
-                            _ => unreachable!(),
+                    .insert(
-                        },
+                        step.alias
-                        |alias| &alias.value,
+                            .as_ref()
-                    )
+                            .or_else(|| default_aliases.get(&step.symbol))
-                })
+                            .cloned(),
-        })
+                    );
-        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    aliases_by_symbol.insert(
+        Symbol::non_terminal(0),
+        std::iter::once(&None).cloned().collect(),
+    );
 
     let mut subtype_map = Vec::new();
     for (i, info) in variable_info.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -567,7 +478,6 @@ pub fn generate_node_types_json(
                         kind: variable.name.clone(),
                         named: true,
                         root: false,
-                        extra: extra_names.contains(&variable.name),
                         fields: None,
                         children: None,
                         subtypes: None,
@@ -589,7 +499,10 @@ pub fn generate_node_types_json(
         } else if !syntax_grammar.variables_to_inline.contains(&symbol) {
             // If a rule is aliased under multiple names, then its information
             // contributes to multiple entries in the final JSON.
-            for alias in aliases_by_symbol.get(&symbol).unwrap_or(&BTreeSet::new()) {
+            for alias in aliases_by_symbol
+                .get(&Symbol::non_terminal(i))
+                .unwrap_or(&HashSet::new())
+            {
                 let kind;
                 let is_named;
                 if let Some(alias) = alias {
@@ -611,7 +524,6 @@ pub fn generate_node_types_json(
                         kind: kind.clone(),
                         named: is_named,
                         root: i == 0,
-                        extra: extra_names.contains(&kind),
                         fields: Some(BTreeMap::new()),
                         children: None,
                         subtypes: None,
@@ -650,40 +562,22 @@ pub fn generate_node_types_json(
         }
     }
 
-    // Sort the subtype map topologically so that subtypes are listed before their supertypes.
+    // Sort the subtype map so that subtypes are listed before their supertypes.
-    let mut sorted_kinds = Vec::with_capacity(subtype_map.len());
-    let mut top_sort = topological_sort::TopologicalSort::<String>::new();
-    for (supertype, subtypes) in &subtype_map {
-        for subtype in subtypes {
-            top_sort.add_dependency(subtype.kind.clone(), supertype.kind.clone());
-        }
-    }
-    loop {
-        let mut next_kinds = top_sort.pop_all();
-        match (next_kinds.is_empty(), top_sort.is_empty()) {
-            (true, true) => break,
-            (true, false) => {
-                let mut items = top_sort.collect::<Vec<String>>();
-                items.sort();
-                return Err(SuperTypeCycleError { items });
-            }
-            (false, _) => {
-                next_kinds.sort();
-                sorted_kinds.extend(next_kinds);
-            }
-        }
-    }
     subtype_map.sort_by(|a, b| {
-        let a_idx = sorted_kinds.iter().position(|n| n.eq(&a.0.kind)).unwrap();
+        if b.1.contains(&a.0) {
-        let b_idx = sorted_kinds.iter().position(|n| n.eq(&b.0.kind)).unwrap();
+            Ordering::Less
-        a_idx.cmp(&b_idx)
+        } else if a.1.contains(&b.0) {
+            Ordering::Greater
+        } else {
+            Ordering::Equal
+        }
     });
 
     for node_type_json in node_types_json.values_mut() {
         if node_type_json
             .children
             .as_ref()
-            .is_some_and(|c| c.types.is_empty())
+            .map_or(false, |c| c.types.is_empty())
         {
             node_type_json.children = None;
         }
@@ -700,6 +594,7 @@ pub fn generate_node_types_json(
 
     let mut anonymous_node_types = Vec::new();
 
+    let empty = HashSet::new();
     let regular_tokens = lexical_grammar
         .variables
         .iter()
@@ -744,7 +639,6 @@ pub fn generate_node_types_json(
                             kind: name.clone(),
                             named: true,
                             root: false,
-                            extra: extra_names.contains(&name),
                             fields: None,
                             children: None,
                             subtypes: None,
@@ -762,7 +656,6 @@ pub fn generate_node_types_json(
                 kind: name.clone(),
                 named: false,
                 root: false,
-                extra: extra_names.contains(&name),
                 fields: None,
                 children: None,
                 subtypes: None,
@@ -783,15 +676,11 @@ pub fn generate_node_types_json(
                 a_is_leaf.cmp(&b_is_leaf)
             })
             .then_with(|| a.kind.cmp(&b.kind))
-            .then_with(|| a.named.cmp(&b.named))
-            .then_with(|| a.root.cmp(&b.root))
-            .then_with(|| a.extra.cmp(&b.extra))
     });
     result.dedup();
-    Ok(result)
+    result
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "load")]
 fn process_supertypes(info: &mut FieldInfoJSON, subtype_map: &[(NodeTypeJSON, Vec<NodeTypeJSON>)]) {
     for (supertype, subtypes) in subtype_map {
         if info.types.contains(supertype) {
@@ -828,20 +717,20 @@ fn extend_sorted<'a, T>(vec: &mut Vec<T>, values: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'a T
 where
     T: 'a + Clone + Eq + Ord,
 {
-    values.into_iter().fold(false, |acc, value| {
+    values.into_iter().any(|value| {
         if let Err(i) = vec.binary_search(value) {
             vec.insert(i, value.clone());
             true
         } else {
-            acc
+            false
         }
     })
 }
 
-#[cfg(all(test, feature = "load"))]
+#[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::{
+    use crate::generate::{
         grammars::{
             InputGrammar, LexicalVariable, Production, ProductionStep, SyntaxVariable, Variable,
         },
@@ -875,8 +764,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ],
             ..Default::default()
-        })
+        });
-        .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(node_types.len(), 3);
 
@@ -886,7 +774,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "v1".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: true,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: None,
                 fields: Some(
@@ -925,7 +812,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: ";".to_string(),
                 named: false,
                 root: false,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: None,
                 fields: None
@@ -937,7 +823,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "v2".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: false,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: None,
                 fields: None
@@ -965,9 +850,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
                 // This rule is not reachable from the start symbol, but
                 // it is reachable from the 'extra_symbols' so it
-                // should be present in the node_types.
+                // should be present in the node_types
-                // But because it's only a literal, it will get replaced by
-                // a lexical variable.
                 Variable {
                     name: "v3".to_string(),
                     kind: VariableType::Named,
@@ -975,8 +858,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ],
             ..Default::default()
-        })
+        });
-        .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(node_types.len(), 4);
 
@@ -986,7 +868,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "v1".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: true,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: None,
                 fields: Some(
@@ -1025,7 +906,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: ";".to_string(),
                 named: false,
                 root: false,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: None,
                 fields: None
@@ -1037,7 +917,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "v2".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: false,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: None,
                 fields: None
@@ -1049,119 +928,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "v3".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: false,
-                extra: true,
-                subtypes: None,
-                children: None,
-                fields: None
-            }
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_node_types_deeper_extras() {
-        let node_types = get_node_types(&InputGrammar {
-            extra_symbols: vec![Rule::named("v3")],
-            variables: vec![
-                Variable {
-                    name: "v1".to_string(),
-                    kind: VariableType::Named,
-                    rule: Rule::seq(vec![
-                        Rule::field("f1".to_string(), Rule::named("v2")),
-                        Rule::field("f2".to_string(), Rule::string(";")),
-                    ]),
-                },
-                Variable {
-                    name: "v2".to_string(),
-                    kind: VariableType::Named,
-                    rule: Rule::string("x"),
-                },
-                // This rule is not reachable from the start symbol, but
-                // it is reachable from the 'extra_symbols' so it
-                // should be present in the node_types.
-                // Because it is not just a literal, it won't get replaced
-                // by a lexical variable.
-                Variable {
-                    name: "v3".to_string(),
-                    kind: VariableType::Named,
-                    rule: Rule::seq(vec![Rule::string("y"), Rule::repeat(Rule::string("z"))]),
-                },
-            ],
-            ..Default::default()
-        })
-        .unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(node_types.len(), 6);
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            node_types[0],
-            NodeInfoJSON {
-                kind: "v1".to_string(),
-                named: true,
-                root: true,
-                extra: false,
-                subtypes: None,
-                children: None,
-                fields: Some(
-                    vec![
-                        (
-                            "f1".to_string(),
-                            FieldInfoJSON {
-                                multiple: false,
-                                required: true,
-                                types: vec![NodeTypeJSON {
-                                    kind: "v2".to_string(),
-                                    named: true,
-                                }]
-                            }
-                        ),
-                        (
-                            "f2".to_string(),
-                            FieldInfoJSON {
-                                multiple: false,
-                                required: true,
-                                types: vec![NodeTypeJSON {
-                                    kind: ";".to_string(),
-                                    named: false,
-                                }]
-                            }
-                        ),
-                    ]
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .collect()
-                )
-            }
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            node_types[1],
-            NodeInfoJSON {
-                kind: "v3".to_string(),
-                named: true,
-                root: false,
-                extra: true,
-                subtypes: None,
-                children: None,
-                fields: Some(BTreeMap::default())
-            }
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            node_types[2],
-            NodeInfoJSON {
-                kind: ";".to_string(),
-                named: false,
-                root: false,
-                extra: false,
-                subtypes: None,
-                children: None,
-                fields: None
-            }
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            node_types[3],
-            NodeInfoJSON {
-                kind: "v2".to_string(),
-                named: true,
-                root: false,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: None,
                 fields: None
@@ -1200,8 +966,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ],
             ..Default::default()
-        })
+        });
-        .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
             node_types[0],
@@ -1209,7 +974,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "_v2".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: false,
-                extra: false,
                 fields: None,
                 children: None,
                 subtypes: Some(vec![
@@ -1234,7 +998,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "v1".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: true,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: None,
                 fields: Some(
@@ -1290,8 +1053,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ],
             ..Default::default()
-        })
+        });
-        .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
             node_types[0],
@@ -1299,7 +1061,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "v1".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: true,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: Some(FieldInfoJSON {
                     multiple: true,
@@ -1338,7 +1099,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "v2".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: false,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: Some(FieldInfoJSON {
                     multiple: false,
@@ -1376,8 +1136,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ],
             ..Default::default()
-        })
+        });
-        .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
             node_types[0],
@@ -1385,7 +1144,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "v1".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: true,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: Some(FieldInfoJSON {
                     multiple: true,
@@ -1451,8 +1209,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ],
             ..Default::default()
-        })
+        });
-        .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(node_types.iter().find(|t| t.kind == "foo_identifier"), None);
         assert_eq!(
@@ -1461,7 +1218,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "identifier".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: false,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: None,
                 fields: None,
@@ -1473,7 +1229,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "type_identifier".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: false,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: None,
                 fields: None,
@@ -1508,8 +1263,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ],
             ..Default::default()
-        })
+        });
-        .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
             node_types[0],
@@ -1517,7 +1271,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "a".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: true,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: Some(FieldInfoJSON {
                     multiple: true,
@@ -1558,8 +1311,7 @@ mod tests {
                 ]),
             }],
             ..Default::default()
-        })
+        });
-        .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
             node_types,
@@ -1567,7 +1319,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "script".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: true,
-                extra: false,
                 fields: Some(BTreeMap::new()),
                 children: None,
                 subtypes: None
@@ -1607,8 +1358,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ],
             ..Default::default()
-        })
+        });
-        .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
             &node_types
@@ -1626,7 +1376,6 @@ mod tests {
                     kind: "a".to_string(),
                     named: true,
                     root: false,
-                    extra: false,
                     subtypes: None,
                     children: None,
                     fields: Some(
@@ -1683,7 +1432,6 @@ mod tests {
                     kind: "script".to_string(),
                     named: true,
                     root: true,
-                    extra: false,
                     subtypes: None,
                     // Only one node
                     children: Some(FieldInfoJSON {
@@ -1727,8 +1475,7 @@ mod tests {
                 },
             ],
             ..Default::default()
-        })
+        });
-        .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
             node_types.iter().map(|n| &n.kind).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
@@ -1740,7 +1487,6 @@ mod tests {
                 kind: "b".to_string(),
                 named: true,
                 root: false,
-                extra: false,
                 subtypes: None,
                 children: Some(FieldInfoJSON {
                     multiple: true,
@@ -2055,7 +1801,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
-    fn get_node_types(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> SuperTypeCycleResult<Vec<NodeInfoJSON>> {
+    fn get_node_types(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> Vec<NodeInfoJSON> {
         let (syntax_grammar, lexical_grammar, _, default_aliases) =
             prepare_grammar(grammar).unwrap();
         let variable_info =

cli/src/generate/parse_grammar.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde_json::{Map, Value};
+
+use super::{
+    grammars::{InputGrammar, PrecedenceEntry, Variable, VariableType},
+    rules::{Precedence, Rule},
+};
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(tag = "type")]
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#[allow(clippy::upper_case_acronyms)]
+enum RuleJSON {
+    ALIAS {
+        content: Box<RuleJSON>,
+        named: bool,
+        value: String,
+    },
+    BLANK,
+    STRING {
+        value: String,
+    },
+    PATTERN {
+        value: String,
+        flags: Option<String>,
+    },
+    SYMBOL {
+        name: String,
+    },
+    CHOICE {
+        members: Vec<RuleJSON>,
+    },
+    FIELD {
+        name: String,
+        content: Box<RuleJSON>,
+    },
+    SEQ {
+        members: Vec<RuleJSON>,
+    },
+    REPEAT {
+        content: Box<RuleJSON>,
+    },
+    REPEAT1 {
+        content: Box<RuleJSON>,
+    },
+    PREC_DYNAMIC {
+        value: i32,
+        content: Box<RuleJSON>,
+    },
+    PREC_LEFT {
+        value: PrecedenceValueJSON,
+        content: Box<RuleJSON>,
+    },
+    PREC_RIGHT {
+        value: PrecedenceValueJSON,
+        content: Box<RuleJSON>,
+    },
+    PREC {
+        value: PrecedenceValueJSON,
+        content: Box<RuleJSON>,
+    },
+    TOKEN {
+        content: Box<RuleJSON>,
+    },
+    IMMEDIATE_TOKEN {
+        content: Box<RuleJSON>,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+enum PrecedenceValueJSON {
+    Integer(i32),
+    Name(String),
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+pub(crate) struct GrammarJSON {
+    pub(crate) name: String,
+    rules: Map<String, Value>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    precedences: Vec<Vec<RuleJSON>>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    conflicts: Vec<Vec<String>>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    externals: Vec<RuleJSON>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    extras: Vec<RuleJSON>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    inline: Vec<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    supertypes: Vec<String>,
+    word: Option<String>,
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn parse_grammar(input: &str) -> Result<InputGrammar> {
+    let grammar_json = serde_json::from_str::<GrammarJSON>(input)?;
+
+    let mut variables = Vec::with_capacity(grammar_json.rules.len());
+    for (name, value) in grammar_json.rules {
+        variables.push(Variable {
+            name: name.clone(),
+            kind: VariableType::Named,
+            rule: parse_rule(serde_json::from_value(value)?),
+        });
+    }
+
+    let mut precedence_orderings = Vec::with_capacity(grammar_json.precedences.len());
+    for list in grammar_json.precedences {
+        let mut ordering = Vec::with_capacity(list.len());
+        for entry in list {
+            ordering.push(match entry {
+                RuleJSON::STRING { value } => PrecedenceEntry::Name(value),
+                RuleJSON::SYMBOL { name } => PrecedenceEntry::Symbol(name),
+                _ => {
+                    return Err(anyhow!(
+                        "Invalid rule in precedences array. Only strings and symbols are allowed"
+                    ))
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        precedence_orderings.push(ordering);
+    }
+
+    let extra_symbols = grammar_json
+        .extras
+        .into_iter()
+        .try_fold(Vec::new(), |mut acc, item| {
+            let rule = parse_rule(item);
+            if let Rule::String(ref value) = rule {
+                if value.is_empty() {
+                    return Err(anyhow!(
+                        "Rules in the `extras` array must not contain empty strings"
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+            acc.push(rule);
+            Ok(acc)
+        })?;
+
+    let external_tokens = grammar_json.externals.into_iter().map(parse_rule).collect();
+
+    Ok(InputGrammar {
+        name: grammar_json.name,
+        word_token: grammar_json.word,
+        expected_conflicts: grammar_json.conflicts,
+        supertype_symbols: grammar_json.supertypes,
+        variables_to_inline: grammar_json.inline,
+        precedence_orderings,
+        variables,
+        extra_symbols,
+        external_tokens,
+    })
+}
+
+fn parse_rule(json: RuleJSON) -> Rule {
+    match json {
+        RuleJSON::ALIAS {
+            content,
+            value,
+            named,
+        } => Rule::alias(parse_rule(*content), value, named),
+        RuleJSON::BLANK => Rule::Blank,
+        RuleJSON::STRING { value } => Rule::String(value),
+        RuleJSON::PATTERN { value, flags } => Rule::Pattern(
+            value,
+            flags.map_or(String::new(), |f| {
+                f.matches(|c| {
+                    if c == 'i' {
+                        true
+                    } else {
+                        // silently ignore unicode flags
+                        if c != 'u' && c != 'v' {
+                            eprintln!("Warning: unsupported flag {c}");
+                        }
+                        false
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect()
+            }),
+        ),
+        RuleJSON::SYMBOL { name } => Rule::NamedSymbol(name),
+        RuleJSON::CHOICE { members } => Rule::choice(members.into_iter().map(parse_rule).collect()),
+        RuleJSON::FIELD { content, name } => Rule::field(name, parse_rule(*content)),
+        RuleJSON::SEQ { members } => Rule::seq(members.into_iter().map(parse_rule).collect()),
+        RuleJSON::REPEAT1 { content } => Rule::repeat(parse_rule(*content)),
+        RuleJSON::REPEAT { content } => {
+            Rule::choice(vec![Rule::repeat(parse_rule(*content)), Rule::Blank])
+        }
+        RuleJSON::PREC { value, content } => Rule::prec(value.into(), parse_rule(*content)),
+        RuleJSON::PREC_LEFT { value, content } => {
+            Rule::prec_left(value.into(), parse_rule(*content))
+        }
+        RuleJSON::PREC_RIGHT { value, content } => {
+            Rule::prec_right(value.into(), parse_rule(*content))
+        }
+        RuleJSON::PREC_DYNAMIC { value, content } => {
+            Rule::prec_dynamic(value, parse_rule(*content))
+        }
+        RuleJSON::TOKEN { content } => Rule::token(parse_rule(*content)),
+        RuleJSON::IMMEDIATE_TOKEN { content } => Rule::immediate_token(parse_rule(*content)),
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<PrecedenceValueJSON> for Precedence {
+    fn from(val: PrecedenceValueJSON) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            PrecedenceValueJSON::Integer(i) => Self::Integer(i),
+            PrecedenceValueJSON::Name(i) => Self::Name(i),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_grammar() {
+        let grammar = parse_grammar(
+            r#"{
+            "name": "my_lang",
+            "rules": {
+                "file": {
+                    "type": "REPEAT1",
+                    "content": {
+                        "type": "SYMBOL",
+                        "name": "statement"
+                    }
+                },
+                "statement": {
+                    "type": "STRING",
+                    "value": "foo"
+                }
+            }
+        }"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(grammar.name, "my_lang");
+        assert_eq!(
+            grammar.variables,
+            vec![
+                Variable {
+                    name: "file".to_string(),
+                    kind: VariableType::Named,
+                    rule: Rule::repeat(Rule::NamedSymbol("statement".to_string()))
+                },
+                Variable {
+                    name: "statement".to_string(),
+                    kind: VariableType::Named,
+                    rule: Rule::String("foo".to_string())
+                },
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+}

cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/expand_repeats.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::{collections::HashMap, mem};
 
 use super::ExtractedSyntaxGrammar;
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
     grammars::{Variable, VariableType},
     rules::{Rule, Symbol},
 };

cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/expand_tokens.rs

@@ -1,57 +1,41 @@
-use regex_syntax::{
+use std::collections::HashMap;
-    hir::{Class, Hir, HirKind},
+
-    ParserBuilder,
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Context, Result};
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use regex_syntax::ast::{
+    parse, Ast, ClassPerlKind, ClassSet, ClassSetBinaryOpKind, ClassSetItem, ClassUnicodeKind,
+    RepetitionKind, RepetitionRange,
 };
-use serde::Serialize;
-use thiserror::Error;
 
 use super::ExtractedLexicalGrammar;
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
     grammars::{LexicalGrammar, LexicalVariable},
     nfa::{CharacterSet, Nfa, NfaState},
     rules::{Precedence, Rule},
 };
 
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref UNICODE_CATEGORIES: HashMap<&'static str, Vec<u32>> =
+        serde_json::from_str(UNICODE_CATEGORIES_JSON).unwrap();
+    static ref UNICODE_PROPERTIES: HashMap<&'static str, Vec<u32>> =
+        serde_json::from_str(UNICODE_PROPERTIES_JSON).unwrap();
+    static ref UNICODE_CATEGORY_ALIASES: HashMap<&'static str, String> =
+        serde_json::from_str(UNICODE_CATEGORY_ALIASES_JSON).unwrap();
+    static ref UNICODE_PROPERTY_ALIASES: HashMap<&'static str, String> =
+        serde_json::from_str(UNICODE_PROPERTY_ALIASES_JSON).unwrap();
+}
+
+const UNICODE_CATEGORIES_JSON: &str = include_str!("./unicode-categories.json");
+const UNICODE_PROPERTIES_JSON: &str = include_str!("./unicode-properties.json");
+const UNICODE_CATEGORY_ALIASES_JSON: &str = include_str!("./unicode-category-aliases.json");
+const UNICODE_PROPERTY_ALIASES_JSON: &str = include_str!("./unicode-property-aliases.json");
+
 struct NfaBuilder {
     nfa: Nfa,
     is_sep: bool,
     precedence_stack: Vec<i32>,
 }
 
-pub type ExpandTokensResult<T> = Result<T, ExpandTokensError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub enum ExpandTokensError {
-    #[error(
-        "The rule `{0}` matches the empty string.
-Tree-sitter does not support syntactic rules that match the empty string
-unless they are used only as the grammar's start rule.
-"
-    )]
-    EmptyString(String),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    Processing(ExpandTokensProcessingError),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    ExpandRule(ExpandRuleError),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub struct ExpandTokensProcessingError {
-    rule: String,
-    error: ExpandRuleError,
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for ExpandTokensProcessingError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        writeln!(
-            f,
-            "Error processing rule {}: Grammar error: Unexpected rule {:?}",
-            self.rule, self.error
-        )?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
 fn get_implicit_precedence(rule: &Rule) -> i32 {
     match rule {
         Rule::String(_) => 2,
@@ -75,7 +59,7 @@ const fn get_completion_precedence(rule: &Rule) -> i32 {
     0
 }
 
-pub fn expand_tokens(mut grammar: ExtractedLexicalGrammar) -> ExpandTokensResult<LexicalGrammar> {
+pub fn expand_tokens(mut grammar: ExtractedLexicalGrammar) -> Result<LexicalGrammar> {
     let mut builder = NfaBuilder {
         nfa: Nfa::new(),
         is_sep: true,
@@ -89,12 +73,8 @@ pub fn expand_tokens(mut grammar: ExtractedLexicalGrammar) -> ExpandTokensResult
         Rule::repeat(Rule::choice(grammar.separators))
     };
 
-    let mut variables = Vec::with_capacity(grammar.variables.len());
+    let mut variables = Vec::new();
     for (i, variable) in grammar.variables.into_iter().enumerate() {
-        if variable.rule.is_empty() {
-            Err(ExpandTokensError::EmptyString(variable.name.clone()))?;
-        }
-
         let is_immediate_token = match &variable.rule {
             Rule::Metadata { params, .. } => params.is_main_token,
             _ => false,
@@ -108,19 +88,12 @@ pub fn expand_tokens(mut grammar: ExtractedLexicalGrammar) -> ExpandTokensResult
         let last_state_id = builder.nfa.last_state_id();
         builder
             .expand_rule(&variable.rule, last_state_id)
-            .map_err(|e| {
+            .with_context(|| format!("Error processing rule {}", variable.name))?;
-                ExpandTokensError::Processing(ExpandTokensProcessingError {
-                    rule: variable.name.clone(),
-                    error: e,
-                })
-            })?;
 
         if !is_immediate_token {
             builder.is_sep = true;
             let last_state_id = builder.nfa.last_state_id();
-            builder
+            builder.expand_rule(&separator_rule, last_state_id)?;
-                .expand_rule(&separator_rule, last_state_id)
-                .map_err(ExpandTokensError::ExpandRule)?;
         }
 
         variables.push(LexicalVariable {
@@ -137,64 +110,22 @@ pub fn expand_tokens(mut grammar: ExtractedLexicalGrammar) -> ExpandTokensResult
     })
 }
 
-pub type ExpandRuleResult<T> = Result<T, ExpandRuleError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub enum ExpandRuleError {
-    #[error("Grammar error: Unexpected rule {0:?}")]
-    UnexpectedRule(Rule),
-    #[error("{0}")]
-    Parse(String),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    ExpandRegex(ExpandRegexError),
-}
-
-pub type ExpandRegexResult<T> = Result<T, ExpandRegexError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub enum ExpandRegexError {
-    #[error("{0}")]
-    Utf8(String),
-    #[error("Regex error: Assertions are not supported")]
-    Assertion,
-}
-
 impl NfaBuilder {
-    fn expand_rule(&mut self, rule: &Rule, mut next_state_id: u32) -> ExpandRuleResult<bool> {
+    fn expand_rule(&mut self, rule: &Rule, mut next_state_id: u32) -> Result<bool> {
         match rule {
             Rule::Pattern(s, f) => {
-                // With unicode enabled, `\w`, `\s` and `\d` expand to character sets that are much
+                let ast = parse::Parser::new().parse(s)?;
-                // larger than intended, so we replace them with the actual
+                self.expand_regex(&ast, next_state_id, f.contains('i'))
-                // character sets they should represent. If the full unicode range
-                // of `\w`, `\s` or `\d` are needed then `\p{L}`, `\p{Z}` and `\p{N}` should be
-                // used.
-                let s = s
-                    .replace(r"\w", r"[0-9A-Za-z_]")
-                    .replace(r"\s", r"[\t-\r ]")
-                    .replace(r"\d", r"[0-9]")
-                    .replace(r"\W", r"[^0-9A-Za-z_]")
-                    .replace(r"\S", r"[^\t-\r ]")
-                    .replace(r"\D", r"[^0-9]");
-                let mut parser = ParserBuilder::new()
-                    .case_insensitive(f.contains('i'))
-                    .unicode(true)
-                    .utf8(false)
-                    .build();
-                let hir = parser
-                    .parse(&s)
-                    .map_err(|e| ExpandRuleError::Parse(e.to_string()))?;
-                self.expand_regex(&hir, next_state_id)
-                    .map_err(ExpandRuleError::ExpandRegex)
             }
             Rule::String(s) => {
                 for c in s.chars().rev() {
-                    self.push_advance(CharacterSet::from_char(c), next_state_id);
+                    self.push_advance(CharacterSet::empty().add_char(c), next_state_id);
                     next_state_id = self.nfa.last_state_id();
                 }
                 Ok(!s.is_empty())
             }
             Rule::Choice(elements) => {
-                let mut alternative_state_ids = Vec::with_capacity(elements.len());
+                let mut alternative_state_ids = Vec::new();
                 for element in elements {
                     if self.expand_rule(element, next_state_id)? {
                         alternative_state_ids.push(self.nfa.last_state_id());
@@ -248,98 +179,129 @@ impl NfaBuilder {
                 result
             }
             Rule::Blank => Ok(false),
-            _ => Err(ExpandRuleError::UnexpectedRule(rule.clone()))?,
+            _ => Err(anyhow!("Grammar error: Unexpected rule {rule:?}")),
         }
     }
 
-    fn expand_regex(&mut self, hir: &Hir, mut next_state_id: u32) -> ExpandRegexResult<bool> {
+    fn expand_regex(
-        match hir.kind() {
+        &mut self,
-            HirKind::Empty => Ok(false),
+        ast: &Ast,
-            HirKind::Literal(literal) => {
+        mut next_state_id: u32,
-                for character in std::str::from_utf8(&literal.0)
+        case_insensitive: bool,
-                    .map_err(|e| ExpandRegexError::Utf8(e.to_string()))?
+    ) -> Result<bool> {
-                    .chars()
+        const fn inverse_char(c: char) -> char {
-                    .rev()
+            match c {
-                {
+                'a'..='z' => (c as u8 - b'a' + b'A') as char,
-                    let char_set = CharacterSet::from_char(character);
+                'A'..='Z' => (c as u8 - b'A' + b'a') as char,
-                    self.push_advance(char_set, next_state_id);
+                c => c,
-                    next_state_id = self.nfa.last_state_id();
+            }
-                }
+        }
 
+        fn with_inverse_char(mut chars: CharacterSet) -> CharacterSet {
+            for char in chars.clone().chars() {
+                let inverted = inverse_char(char);
+                if char != inverted {
+                    chars = chars.add_char(inverted);
+                }
+            }
+            chars
+        }
+
+        match ast {
+            Ast::Empty(_) => Ok(false),
+            Ast::Flags(_) => Err(anyhow!("Regex error: Flags are not supported")),
+            Ast::Literal(literal) => {
+                let mut char_set = CharacterSet::from_char(literal.c);
+                if case_insensitive {
+                    let inverted = inverse_char(literal.c);
+                    if literal.c != inverted {
+                        char_set = char_set.add_char(inverted);
+                    }
+                }
+                self.push_advance(char_set, next_state_id);
                 Ok(true)
             }
-            HirKind::Class(class) => match class {
+            Ast::Dot(_) => {
-                Class::Unicode(class) => {
+                self.push_advance(CharacterSet::from_char('\n').negate(), next_state_id);
-                    let mut chars = CharacterSet::default();
+                Ok(true)
-                    for c in class.ranges() {
+            }
-                        chars = chars.add_range(c.start(), c.end());
+            Ast::Assertion(_) => Err(anyhow!("Regex error: Assertions are not supported")),
-                    }
+            Ast::ClassUnicode(class) => {
-
+                let mut chars = self.expand_unicode_character_class(&class.kind)?;
-                    // For some reason, the long s `ſ` is included if the letter `s` is in a
+                if class.negated {
-                    // pattern, so we remove it.
+                    chars = chars.negate();
-                    if chars.range_count() == 3
-                        && chars
-                            .ranges()
-                            // exact check to ensure that `ſ` wasn't intentionally added.
-                            .all(|r| ['s'..='s', 'S'..='S', 'ſ'..='ſ'].contains(&r))
-                    {
-                        chars = chars.difference(CharacterSet::from_char('ſ'));
-                    }
-                    self.push_advance(chars, next_state_id);
-                    Ok(true)
                 }
-                Class::Bytes(bytes_class) => {
+                if case_insensitive {
-                    let mut chars = CharacterSet::default();
+                    chars = with_inverse_char(chars);
-                    for c in bytes_class.ranges() {
-                        chars = chars.add_range(c.start().into(), c.end().into());
-                    }
-                    self.push_advance(chars, next_state_id);
-                    Ok(true)
                 }
-            },
+                self.push_advance(chars, next_state_id);
-            HirKind::Look(_) => Err(ExpandRegexError::Assertion)?,
+                Ok(true)
-            HirKind::Repetition(repetition) => match (repetition.min, repetition.max) {
+            }
-                (0, Some(1)) => self.expand_zero_or_one(&repetition.sub, next_state_id),
+            Ast::ClassPerl(class) => {
-                (1, None) => self.expand_one_or_more(&repetition.sub, next_state_id),
+                let mut chars = self.expand_perl_character_class(&class.kind);
-                (0, None) => self.expand_zero_or_more(&repetition.sub, next_state_id),
+                if class.negated {
-                (min, Some(max)) if min == max => {
+                    chars = chars.negate();
-                    self.expand_count(&repetition.sub, min, next_state_id)
                 }
-                (min, None) => {
+                if case_insensitive {
-                    if self.expand_zero_or_more(&repetition.sub, next_state_id)? {
+                    chars = with_inverse_char(chars);
-                        self.expand_count(&repetition.sub, min, next_state_id)
+                }
+                self.push_advance(chars, next_state_id);
+                Ok(true)
+            }
+            Ast::ClassBracketed(class) => {
+                let mut chars = self.translate_class_set(&class.kind)?;
+                if class.negated {
+                    chars = chars.negate();
+                }
+                if case_insensitive {
+                    chars = with_inverse_char(chars);
+                }
+                self.push_advance(chars, next_state_id);
+                Ok(true)
+            }
+            Ast::Repetition(repetition) => match repetition.op.kind {
+                RepetitionKind::ZeroOrOne => {
+                    self.expand_zero_or_one(&repetition.ast, next_state_id, case_insensitive)
+                }
+                RepetitionKind::OneOrMore => {
+                    self.expand_one_or_more(&repetition.ast, next_state_id, case_insensitive)
+                }
+                RepetitionKind::ZeroOrMore => {
+                    self.expand_zero_or_more(&repetition.ast, next_state_id, case_insensitive)
+                }
+                RepetitionKind::Range(RepetitionRange::Exactly(count)) => {
+                    self.expand_count(&repetition.ast, count, next_state_id, case_insensitive)
+                }
+                RepetitionKind::Range(RepetitionRange::AtLeast(min)) => {
+                    if self.expand_zero_or_more(&repetition.ast, next_state_id, case_insensitive)? {
+                        self.expand_count(&repetition.ast, min, next_state_id, case_insensitive)
                     } else {
                         Ok(false)
                     }
                 }
-                (min, Some(max)) => {
+                RepetitionKind::Range(RepetitionRange::Bounded(min, max)) => {
-                    let mut result = self.expand_count(&repetition.sub, min, next_state_id)?;
+                    let mut result =
+                        self.expand_count(&repetition.ast, min, next_state_id, case_insensitive)?;
                     for _ in min..max {
                         if result {
                             next_state_id = self.nfa.last_state_id();
                         }
-                        if self.expand_zero_or_one(&repetition.sub, next_state_id)? {
+                        if self.expand_zero_or_one(
+                            &repetition.ast,
+                            next_state_id,
+                            case_insensitive,
+                        )? {
                             result = true;
                         }
                     }
                     Ok(result)
                 }
             },
-            HirKind::Capture(capture) => self.expand_regex(&capture.sub, next_state_id),
+            Ast::Group(group) => self.expand_regex(&group.ast, next_state_id, case_insensitive),
-            HirKind::Concat(concat) => {
+            Ast::Alternation(alternation) => {
-                let mut result = false;
+                let mut alternative_state_ids = Vec::new();
-                for hir in concat.iter().rev() {
+                for ast in &alternation.asts {
-                    if self.expand_regex(hir, next_state_id)? {
+                    if self.expand_regex(ast, next_state_id, case_insensitive)? {
-                        result = true;
-                        next_state_id = self.nfa.last_state_id();
-                    }
-                }
-                Ok(result)
-            }
-            HirKind::Alternation(alternations) => {
-                let mut alternative_state_ids = Vec::with_capacity(alternations.len());
-                for hir in alternations {
-                    if self.expand_regex(hir, next_state_id)? {
                         alternative_state_ids.push(self.nfa.last_state_id());
                     } else {
                         alternative_state_ids.push(next_state_id);
@@ -348,21 +310,58 @@ impl NfaBuilder {
                 alternative_state_ids.sort_unstable();
                 alternative_state_ids.dedup();
                 alternative_state_ids.retain(|i| *i != self.nfa.last_state_id());
+
                 for alternative_state_id in alternative_state_ids {
                     self.push_split(alternative_state_id);
                 }
                 Ok(true)
             }
+            Ast::Concat(concat) => {
+                let mut result = false;
+                for ast in concat.asts.iter().rev() {
+                    if self.expand_regex(ast, next_state_id, case_insensitive)? {
+                        result = true;
+                        next_state_id = self.nfa.last_state_id();
+                    }
+                }
+                Ok(result)
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    fn expand_one_or_more(&mut self, hir: &Hir, next_state_id: u32) -> ExpandRegexResult<bool> {
+    fn translate_class_set(&self, class_set: &ClassSet) -> Result<CharacterSet> {
+        match &class_set {
+            ClassSet::Item(item) => self.expand_character_class(item),
+            ClassSet::BinaryOp(binary_op) => {
+                let mut lhs_char_class = self.translate_class_set(&binary_op.lhs)?;
+                let mut rhs_char_class = self.translate_class_set(&binary_op.rhs)?;
+                match binary_op.kind {
+                    ClassSetBinaryOpKind::Intersection => {
+                        Ok(lhs_char_class.remove_intersection(&mut rhs_char_class))
+                    }
+                    ClassSetBinaryOpKind::Difference => {
+                        Ok(lhs_char_class.difference(rhs_char_class))
+                    }
+                    ClassSetBinaryOpKind::SymmetricDifference => {
+                        Ok(lhs_char_class.symmetric_difference(rhs_char_class))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn expand_one_or_more(
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &Ast,
+        next_state_id: u32,
+        case_insensitive: bool,
+    ) -> Result<bool> {
         self.nfa.states.push(NfaState::Accept {
             variable_index: 0,
             precedence: 0,
         }); // Placeholder for split
         let split_state_id = self.nfa.last_state_id();
-        if self.expand_regex(hir, split_state_id)? {
+        if self.expand_regex(ast, split_state_id, case_insensitive)? {
             self.nfa.states[split_state_id as usize] =
                 NfaState::Split(self.nfa.last_state_id(), next_state_id);
             Ok(true)
@@ -372,8 +371,13 @@ impl NfaBuilder {
         }
     }
 
-    fn expand_zero_or_one(&mut self, hir: &Hir, next_state_id: u32) -> ExpandRegexResult<bool> {
+    fn expand_zero_or_one(
-        if self.expand_regex(hir, next_state_id)? {
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &Ast,
+        next_state_id: u32,
+        case_insensitive: bool,
+    ) -> Result<bool> {
+        if self.expand_regex(ast, next_state_id, case_insensitive)? {
             self.push_split(next_state_id);
             Ok(true)
         } else {
@@ -381,8 +385,13 @@ impl NfaBuilder {
         }
     }
 
-    fn expand_zero_or_more(&mut self, hir: &Hir, next_state_id: u32) -> ExpandRegexResult<bool> {
+    fn expand_zero_or_more(
-        if self.expand_one_or_more(hir, next_state_id)? {
+        &mut self,
+        ast: &Ast,
+        next_state_id: u32,
+        case_insensitive: bool,
+    ) -> Result<bool> {
+        if self.expand_one_or_more(ast, next_state_id, case_insensitive)? {
             self.push_split(next_state_id);
             Ok(true)
         } else {
@@ -392,13 +401,14 @@ impl NfaBuilder {
 
     fn expand_count(
         &mut self,
-        hir: &Hir,
+        ast: &Ast,
         count: u32,
         mut next_state_id: u32,
-    ) -> ExpandRegexResult<bool> {
+        case_insensitive: bool,
+    ) -> Result<bool> {
         let mut result = false;
         for _ in 0..count {
-            if self.expand_regex(hir, next_state_id)? {
+            if self.expand_regex(ast, next_state_id, case_insensitive)? {
                 result = true;
                 next_state_id = self.nfa.last_state_id();
             }
@@ -406,6 +416,111 @@ impl NfaBuilder {
         Ok(result)
     }
 
+    fn expand_character_class(&self, item: &ClassSetItem) -> Result<CharacterSet> {
+        match item {
+            ClassSetItem::Empty(_) => Ok(CharacterSet::empty()),
+            ClassSetItem::Literal(literal) => Ok(CharacterSet::from_char(literal.c)),
+            ClassSetItem::Range(range) => Ok(CharacterSet::from_range(range.start.c, range.end.c)),
+            ClassSetItem::Union(union) => {
+                let mut result = CharacterSet::empty();
+                for item in &union.items {
+                    result = result.add(&self.expand_character_class(item)?);
+                }
+                Ok(result)
+            }
+            ClassSetItem::Perl(class) => Ok(self.expand_perl_character_class(&class.kind)),
+            ClassSetItem::Unicode(class) => {
+                let mut set = self.expand_unicode_character_class(&class.kind)?;
+                if class.negated {
+                    set = set.negate();
+                }
+                Ok(set)
+            }
+            ClassSetItem::Bracketed(class) => {
+                let mut set = self.translate_class_set(&class.kind)?;
+                if class.negated {
+                    set = set.negate();
+                }
+                Ok(set)
+            }
+            ClassSetItem::Ascii(_) => Err(anyhow!(
+                "Regex error: Unsupported character class syntax {item:?}",
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn expand_unicode_character_class(&self, class: &ClassUnicodeKind) -> Result<CharacterSet> {
+        let mut chars = CharacterSet::empty();
+
+        let category_letter;
+        match class {
+            ClassUnicodeKind::OneLetter(le) => {
+                category_letter = le.to_string();
+            }
+            ClassUnicodeKind::Named(class_name) => {
+                let actual_class_name = UNICODE_CATEGORY_ALIASES
+                    .get(class_name.as_str())
+                    .or_else(|| UNICODE_PROPERTY_ALIASES.get(class_name.as_str()))
+                    .unwrap_or(class_name);
+                if actual_class_name.len() == 1 {
+                    category_letter = actual_class_name.clone();
+                } else {
+                    let code_points =
+                        UNICODE_CATEGORIES
+                            .get(actual_class_name.as_str())
+                            .or_else(|| UNICODE_PROPERTIES.get(actual_class_name.as_str()))
+                            .ok_or_else(|| {
+                                anyhow!(
+                                    "Regex error: Unsupported unicode character class {class_name}",
+                                )
+                            })?;
+                    for c in code_points {
+                        if let Some(c) = char::from_u32(*c) {
+                            chars = chars.add_char(c);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return Ok(chars);
+                }
+            }
+            ClassUnicodeKind::NamedValue { .. } => {
+                return Err(anyhow!(
+                    "Regex error: Key-value unicode properties are not supported"
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (category, code_points) in UNICODE_CATEGORIES.iter() {
+            if category.starts_with(&category_letter) {
+                for c in code_points {
+                    if let Some(c) = char::from_u32(*c) {
+                        chars = chars.add_char(c);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(chars)
+    }
+
+    fn expand_perl_character_class(&self, item: &ClassPerlKind) -> CharacterSet {
+        match item {
+            ClassPerlKind::Digit => CharacterSet::from_range('0', '9'),
+            ClassPerlKind::Space => CharacterSet::empty()
+                .add_char(' ')
+                .add_char('\t')
+                .add_char('\r')
+                .add_char('\n')
+                .add_char('\x0B')
+                .add_char('\x0C'),
+            ClassPerlKind::Word => CharacterSet::empty()
+                .add_char('_')
+                .add_range('A', 'Z')
+                .add_range('a', 'z')
+                .add_range('0', '9'),
+        }
+    }
+
     fn push_advance(&mut self, chars: CharacterSet, state_id: u32) {
         let precedence = *self.precedence_stack.last().unwrap();
         self.nfa.states.push(NfaState::Advance {
@@ -427,7 +542,7 @@ impl NfaBuilder {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::{
+    use crate::generate::{
         grammars::Variable,
         nfa::{NfaCursor, NfaTransition},
     };

cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/extract_default_aliases.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
     grammars::{LexicalGrammar, SyntaxGrammar},
     rules::{Alias, AliasMap, Symbol, SymbolType},
 };
@@ -69,7 +69,9 @@ pub(super) fn extract_default_aliases(
             SymbolType::External => &mut external_status_list[symbol.index],
             SymbolType::NonTerminal => &mut non_terminal_status_list[symbol.index],
             SymbolType::Terminal => &mut terminal_status_list[symbol.index],
-            SymbolType::End | SymbolType::EndOfNonTerminalExtra => panic!("Unexpected end token"),
+            SymbolType::End | SymbolType::EndOfNonTerminalExtra => {
+                panic!("Unexpected end token")
+            }
         };
         status.appears_unaliased = true;
     }
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@ pub(super) fn extract_default_aliases(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::{
+    use crate::generate::{
         grammars::{LexicalVariable, Production, ProductionStep, SyntaxVariable, VariableType},
         nfa::Nfa,
     };

cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/extract_tokens.rs

@@ -1,63 +1,16 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::{collections::HashMap, mem};
 
-use serde::Serialize;
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-use thiserror::Error;
 
 use super::{ExtractedLexicalGrammar, ExtractedSyntaxGrammar, InternedGrammar};
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
-    grammars::{ExternalToken, ReservedWordContext, Variable, VariableType},
+    grammars::{ExternalToken, Variable, VariableType},
     rules::{MetadataParams, Rule, Symbol, SymbolType},
 };
 
-pub type ExtractTokensResult<T> = Result<T, ExtractTokensError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub enum ExtractTokensError {
-    #[error(
-        "The rule `{0}` contains an empty string.
-
-Tree-sitter does not support syntactic rules that contain an empty string
-unless they are used only as the grammar's start rule.
-"
-    )]
-    EmptyString(String),
-    #[error("Rule '{0}' cannot be used as both an external token and a non-terminal rule")]
-    ExternalTokenNonTerminal(String),
-    #[error("Non-symbol rules cannot be used as external tokens")]
-    NonSymbolExternalToken,
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    WordToken(NonTerminalWordTokenError),
-    #[error("Reserved word '{0}' must be a token")]
-    NonTokenReservedWord(String),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub struct NonTerminalWordTokenError {
-    pub symbol_name: String,
-    pub conflicting_symbol_name: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for NonTerminalWordTokenError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(
-            f,
-            "Non-terminal symbol '{}' cannot be used as the word token",
-            self.symbol_name
-        )?;
-        if let Some(conflicting_name) = &self.conflicting_symbol_name {
-            writeln!(
-                f,
-                ", because its rule is duplicated in '{conflicting_name}'",
-            )
-        } else {
-            writeln!(f)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 pub(super) fn extract_tokens(
     mut grammar: InternedGrammar,
-) -> ExtractTokensResult<(ExtractedSyntaxGrammar, ExtractedLexicalGrammar)> {
+) -> Result<(ExtractedSyntaxGrammar, ExtractedLexicalGrammar)> {
     let mut extractor = TokenExtractor {
         current_variable_name: String::new(),
         current_variable_token_count: 0,
@@ -85,7 +38,7 @@ pub(super) fn extract_tokens(
     // that pointed to that variable will need to be updated to point to the
     // variable in the lexical grammar. Symbols that pointed to later variables
     // will need to have their indices decremented.
-    let mut variables = Vec::with_capacity(grammar.variables.len());
+    let mut variables = Vec::new();
     let mut symbol_replacer = SymbolReplacer {
         replacements: HashMap::new(),
     };
@@ -152,14 +105,15 @@ pub(super) fn extract_tokens(
         }
     }
 
-    let mut external_tokens = Vec::with_capacity(grammar.external_tokens.len());
+    let mut external_tokens = Vec::new();
     for external_token in grammar.external_tokens {
         let rule = symbol_replacer.replace_symbols_in_rule(&external_token.rule);
         if let Rule::Symbol(symbol) = rule {
             if symbol.is_non_terminal() {
-                Err(ExtractTokensError::ExternalTokenNonTerminal(
+                return Err(anyhow!(
-                    variables[symbol.index].name.clone(),
+                    "Rule '{}' cannot be used as both an external token and a non-terminal rule",
-                ))?;
+                    &variables[symbol.index].name,
+                ));
             }
 
             if symbol.is_external() {
@@ -176,59 +130,22 @@ pub(super) fn extract_tokens(
                 });
             }
         } else {
-            Err(ExtractTokensError::NonSymbolExternalToken)?;
+            return Err(anyhow!(
+                "Non-symbol rules cannot be used as external tokens"
+            ));
         }
     }
 
-    let word_token = if let Some(token) = grammar.word_token {
+    let mut word_token = None;
+    if let Some(token) = grammar.word_token {
         let token = symbol_replacer.replace_symbol(token);
         if token.is_non_terminal() {
-            let word_token_variable = &variables[token.index];
+            return Err(anyhow!(
-            let conflicting_symbol_name = variables
+                "Non-terminal symbol '{}' cannot be used as the word token",
-                .iter()
+                &variables[token.index].name
-                .enumerate()
+            ));
-                .find(|(i, v)| *i != token.index && v.rule == word_token_variable.rule)
-                .map(|(_, v)| v.name.clone());
-
-            Err(ExtractTokensError::WordToken(NonTerminalWordTokenError {
-                symbol_name: word_token_variable.name.clone(),
-                conflicting_symbol_name,
-            }))?;
         }
-        Some(token)
+        word_token = Some(token);
-    } else {
-        None
-    };
-
-    let mut reserved_word_contexts = Vec::with_capacity(grammar.reserved_word_sets.len());
-    for reserved_word_context in grammar.reserved_word_sets {
-        let mut reserved_words = Vec::with_capacity(reserved_word_contexts.len());
-        for reserved_rule in reserved_word_context.reserved_words {
-            if let Rule::Symbol(symbol) = reserved_rule {
-                reserved_words.push(symbol_replacer.replace_symbol(symbol));
-            } else if let Some(index) = lexical_variables
-                .iter()
-                .position(|v| v.rule == reserved_rule)
-            {
-                reserved_words.push(Symbol::terminal(index));
-            } else {
-                let rule = if let Rule::Metadata { rule, .. } = &reserved_rule {
-                    rule.as_ref()
-                } else {
-                    &reserved_rule
-                };
-                let token_name = match rule {
-                    Rule::String(s) => s.clone(),
-                    Rule::Pattern(p, _) => p.clone(),
-                    _ => "unknown".to_string(),
-                };
-                Err(ExtractTokensError::NonTokenReservedWord(token_name))?;
-            }
-        }
-        reserved_word_contexts.push(ReservedWordContext {
-            name: reserved_word_context.name,
-            reserved_words,
-        });
     }
 
     Ok((
@@ -241,7 +158,6 @@ pub(super) fn extract_tokens(
             external_tokens,
             word_token,
             precedence_orderings: grammar.precedence_orderings,
-            reserved_word_sets: reserved_word_contexts,
         },
         ExtractedLexicalGrammar {
             variables: lexical_variables,
@@ -267,16 +183,18 @@ impl TokenExtractor {
         &mut self,
         is_first: bool,
         variable: &mut Variable,
-    ) -> ExtractTokensResult<()> {
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         self.current_variable_name.clear();
         self.current_variable_name.push_str(&variable.name);
         self.current_variable_token_count = 0;
         self.is_first_rule = is_first;
-        variable.rule = self.extract_tokens_in_rule(&variable.rule)?;
+        let mut rule = Rule::Blank;
+        mem::swap(&mut rule, &mut variable.rule);
+        variable.rule = self.extract_tokens_in_rule(&rule)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn extract_tokens_in_rule(&mut self, input: &Rule) -> ExtractTokensResult<Rule> {
+    fn extract_tokens_in_rule(&mut self, input: &Rule) -> Result<Rule> {
         match input {
             Rule::String(name) => Ok(self.extract_token(input, Some(name))?.into()),
             Rule::Pattern(..) => Ok(self.extract_token(input, None)?.into()),
@@ -285,11 +203,10 @@ impl TokenExtractor {
                     let mut params = params.clone();
                     params.is_token = false;
 
-                    let string_value = if let Rule::String(value) = rule.as_ref() {
+                    let mut string_value = None;
-                        Some(value)
+                    if let Rule::String(value) = rule.as_ref() {
-                    } else {
+                        string_value = Some(value);
-                        None
+                    }
-                    };
 
                     let rule_to_extract = if params == MetadataParams::default() {
                         rule.as_ref()
@@ -312,27 +229,19 @@ impl TokenExtractor {
                 elements
                     .iter()
                     .map(|e| self.extract_tokens_in_rule(e))
-                    .collect::<ExtractTokensResult<Vec<_>>>()?,
+                    .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?,
             )),
             Rule::Choice(elements) => Ok(Rule::Choice(
                 elements
                     .iter()
                     .map(|e| self.extract_tokens_in_rule(e))
-                    .collect::<ExtractTokensResult<Vec<_>>>()?,
+                    .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?,
             )),
-            Rule::Reserved { rule, context_name } => Ok(Rule::Reserved {
-                rule: Box::new(self.extract_tokens_in_rule(rule)?),
-                context_name: context_name.clone(),
-            }),
             _ => Ok(input.clone()),
         }
     }
 
-    fn extract_token(
+    fn extract_token(&mut self, rule: &Rule, string_value: Option<&String>) -> Result<Symbol> {
-        &mut self,
-        rule: &Rule,
-        string_value: Option<&String>,
-    ) -> ExtractTokensResult<Symbol> {
         for (i, variable) in self.extracted_variables.iter_mut().enumerate() {
             if variable.rule == *rule {
                 self.extracted_usage_counts[i] += 1;
@@ -343,9 +252,14 @@ impl TokenExtractor {
         let index = self.extracted_variables.len();
         let variable = if let Some(string_value) = string_value {
             if string_value.is_empty() && !self.is_first_rule {
-                Err(ExtractTokensError::EmptyString(
+                return Err(anyhow!(
-                    self.current_variable_name.clone(),
+                    "The rule `{}` contains an empty string.
-                ))?;
+
+Tree-sitter does not support syntactic rules that contain an empty string
+unless they are used only as the grammar's start rule.
+",
+                    self.current_variable_name
+                ));
             }
             Variable {
                 name: string_value.clone(),
@@ -357,7 +271,7 @@ impl TokenExtractor {
             Variable {
                 name: format!(
                     "{}_token{}",
-                    self.current_variable_name, self.current_variable_token_count
+                    &self.current_variable_name, self.current_variable_token_count
                 ),
                 kind: VariableType::Auxiliary,
                 rule: rule.clone(),
@@ -391,10 +305,6 @@ impl SymbolReplacer {
                 params: params.clone(),
                 rule: Box::new(self.replace_symbols_in_rule(rule)),
             },
-            Rule::Reserved { rule, context_name } => Rule::Reserved {
-                rule: Box::new(self.replace_symbols_in_rule(rule)),
-                context_name: context_name.clone(),
-            },
             _ => rule.clone(),
         }
     }
@@ -590,13 +500,14 @@ mod test {
         ]);
         grammar.external_tokens = vec![Variable::named("rule_1", Rule::non_terminal(1))];
 
-        let result = extract_tokens(grammar);
+        match extract_tokens(grammar) {
-        assert!(result.is_err(), "Expected an error but got no error");
+            Err(e) => {
-        let err = result.err().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(e.to_string(), "Rule 'rule_1' cannot be used as both an external token and a non-terminal rule");
-        assert_eq!(
+            }
-            err.to_string(),
+            _ => {
-            "Rule 'rule_1' cannot be used as both an external token and a non-terminal rule"
+                panic!("Expected an error but got no error");
-        );
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     #[test]

cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/flatten_grammar.rs

@@ -1,96 +1,47 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-
-use serde::Serialize;
-use thiserror::Error;
 
 use super::ExtractedSyntaxGrammar;
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
-    grammars::{
+    grammars::{Production, ProductionStep, SyntaxGrammar, SyntaxVariable, Variable},
-        Production, ProductionStep, ReservedWordSetId, SyntaxGrammar, SyntaxVariable, Variable,
+    rules::{Alias, Associativity, Precedence, Rule, Symbol},
-    },
-    rules::{Alias, Associativity, Precedence, Rule, Symbol, TokenSet},
 };
 
-pub type FlattenGrammarResult<T> = Result<T, FlattenGrammarError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub enum FlattenGrammarError {
-    #[error("No such reserved word set: {0}")]
-    NoReservedWordSet(String),
-    #[error(
-        "The rule `{0}` matches the empty string.
-
-Tree-sitter does not support syntactic rules that match the empty string
-unless they are used only as the grammar's start rule.
-"
-    )]
-    EmptyString(String),
-    #[error("Rule `{0}` cannot be inlined because it contains a reference to itself")]
-    RecursiveInline(String),
-}
-
 struct RuleFlattener {
     production: Production,
-    reserved_word_set_ids: HashMap<String, ReservedWordSetId>,
     precedence_stack: Vec<Precedence>,
     associativity_stack: Vec<Associativity>,
-    reserved_word_stack: Vec<ReservedWordSetId>,
     alias_stack: Vec<Alias>,
     field_name_stack: Vec<String>,
 }
 
 impl RuleFlattener {
-    const fn new(reserved_word_set_ids: HashMap<String, ReservedWordSetId>) -> Self {
+    const fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             production: Production {
                 steps: Vec::new(),
                 dynamic_precedence: 0,
             },
-            reserved_word_set_ids,
             precedence_stack: Vec::new(),
             associativity_stack: Vec::new(),
-            reserved_word_stack: Vec::new(),
             alias_stack: Vec::new(),
             field_name_stack: Vec::new(),
         }
     }
 
-    fn flatten_variable(&mut self, variable: Variable) -> FlattenGrammarResult<SyntaxVariable> {
+    fn flatten(mut self, rule: Rule) -> Production {
-        let choices = extract_choices(variable.rule);
+        self.apply(rule, true);
-        let mut productions = Vec::with_capacity(choices.len());
+        self.production
-        for rule in choices {
-            let production = self.flatten_rule(rule)?;
-            if !productions.contains(&production) {
-                productions.push(production);
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(SyntaxVariable {
-            name: variable.name,
-            kind: variable.kind,
-            productions,
-        })
     }
 
-    fn flatten_rule(&mut self, rule: Rule) -> FlattenGrammarResult<Production> {
+    fn apply(&mut self, rule: Rule, at_end: bool) -> bool {
-        self.production = Production::default();
-        self.alias_stack.clear();
-        self.reserved_word_stack.clear();
-        self.precedence_stack.clear();
-        self.associativity_stack.clear();
-        self.field_name_stack.clear();
-        self.apply(rule, true)?;
-        Ok(self.production.clone())
-    }
-
-    fn apply(&mut self, rule: Rule, at_end: bool) -> FlattenGrammarResult<bool> {
         match rule {
             Rule::Seq(members) => {
                 let mut result = false;
                 let last_index = members.len() - 1;
                 for (i, member) in members.into_iter().enumerate() {
-                    result |= self.apply(member, i == last_index && at_end)?;
+                    result |= self.apply(member, i == last_index && at_end);
                 }
-                Ok(result)
+                result
             }
             Rule::Metadata { rule, params } => {
                 let mut has_precedence = false;
@@ -121,7 +72,7 @@ impl RuleFlattener {
                     self.production.dynamic_precedence = params.dynamic_precedence;
                 }
 
-                let did_push = self.apply(*rule, at_end)?;
+                let did_push = self.apply(*rule, at_end);
 
                 if has_precedence {
                     self.precedence_stack.pop();
@@ -150,20 +101,7 @@ impl RuleFlattener {
                     self.field_name_stack.pop();
                 }
 
-                Ok(did_push)
+                did_push
-            }
-            Rule::Reserved { rule, context_name } => {
-                self.reserved_word_stack.push(
-                    self.reserved_word_set_ids
-                        .get(&context_name)
-                        .copied()
-                        .ok_or_else(|| {
-                            FlattenGrammarError::NoReservedWordSet(context_name.clone())
-                        })?,
-                );
-                let did_push = self.apply(*rule, at_end)?;
-                self.reserved_word_stack.pop();
-                Ok(did_push)
             }
             Rule::Symbol(symbol) => {
                 self.production.steps.push(ProductionStep {
@@ -174,17 +112,12 @@ impl RuleFlattener {
                         .cloned()
                         .unwrap_or(Precedence::None),
                     associativity: self.associativity_stack.last().copied(),
-                    reserved_word_set_id: self
-                        .reserved_word_stack
-                        .last()
-                        .copied()
-                        .unwrap_or(ReservedWordSetId::default()),
                     alias: self.alias_stack.last().cloned(),
                     field_name: self.field_name_stack.last().cloned(),
                 });
-                Ok(true)
+                true
             }
-            _ => Ok(false),
+            _ => false,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -195,7 +128,7 @@ fn extract_choices(rule: Rule) -> Vec<Rule> {
             let mut result = vec![Rule::Blank];
             for element in elements {
                 let extraction = extract_choices(element);
-                let mut next_result = Vec::with_capacity(result.len());
+                let mut next_result = Vec::new();
                 for entry in result {
                     for extraction_entry in &extraction {
                         next_result.push(Rule::Seq(vec![entry.clone(), extraction_entry.clone()]));
@@ -206,7 +139,7 @@ fn extract_choices(rule: Rule) -> Vec<Rule> {
             result
         }
         Rule::Choice(elements) => {
-            let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(elements.len());
+            let mut result = Vec::new();
             for element in elements {
                 for rule in extract_choices(element) {
                     result.push(rule);
@@ -221,18 +154,26 @@ fn extract_choices(rule: Rule) -> Vec<Rule> {
                 params: params.clone(),
             })
             .collect(),
-        Rule::Reserved { rule, context_name } => extract_choices(*rule)
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|rule| Rule::Reserved {
-                rule: Box::new(rule),
-                context_name: context_name.clone(),
-            })
-            .collect(),
         _ => vec![rule],
     }
 }
 
-fn symbol_is_used(variables: &[SyntaxVariable], symbol: Symbol) -> bool {
+fn flatten_variable(variable: Variable) -> SyntaxVariable {
+    let mut productions = Vec::new();
+    for rule in extract_choices(variable.rule) {
+        let production = RuleFlattener::new().flatten(rule);
+        if !productions.contains(&production) {
+            productions.push(production);
+        }
+    }
+    SyntaxVariable {
+        name: variable.name,
+        kind: variable.kind,
+        productions,
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn symbol_is_used(variables: &[SyntaxVariable], symbol: Symbol) -> bool {
     for variable in variables {
         for production in &variable.productions {
             for step in &production.steps {
@@ -245,48 +186,36 @@ fn symbol_is_used(variables: &[SyntaxVariable], symbol: Symbol) -> bool {
     false
 }
 
-pub(super) fn flatten_grammar(
+pub(super) fn flatten_grammar(grammar: ExtractedSyntaxGrammar) -> Result<SyntaxGrammar> {
-    grammar: ExtractedSyntaxGrammar,
+    let mut variables = Vec::new();
-) -> FlattenGrammarResult<SyntaxGrammar> {
+    for variable in grammar.variables {
-    let mut reserved_word_set_ids_by_name = HashMap::new();
+        variables.push(flatten_variable(variable));
-    for (ix, set) in grammar.reserved_word_sets.iter().enumerate() {
-        reserved_word_set_ids_by_name.insert(set.name.clone(), ReservedWordSetId(ix));
     }
-
-    let mut flattener = RuleFlattener::new(reserved_word_set_ids_by_name);
-    let variables = grammar
-        .variables
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|variable| flattener.flatten_variable(variable))
-        .collect::<FlattenGrammarResult<Vec<_>>>()?;
-
     for (i, variable) in variables.iter().enumerate() {
         let symbol = Symbol::non_terminal(i);
-        let used = symbol_is_used(&variables, symbol);
 
         for production in &variable.productions {
-            if used && production.steps.is_empty() {
+            if production.steps.is_empty() && symbol_is_used(&variables, symbol) {
-                Err(FlattenGrammarError::EmptyString(variable.name.clone()))?;
+                return Err(anyhow!(
+                    "The rule `{}` matches the empty string.
+
+Tree-sitter does not support syntactic rules that match the empty string
+unless they are used only as the grammar's start rule.
+",
+                    variable.name
+                ));
             }
 
             if grammar.variables_to_inline.contains(&symbol)
                 && production.steps.iter().any(|step| step.symbol == symbol)
             {
-                Err(FlattenGrammarError::RecursiveInline(variable.name.clone()))?;
+                return Err(anyhow!(
+                    "Rule `{}` cannot be inlined because it contains a reference to itself.",
+                    variable.name,
+                ));
             }
         }
     }
-    let mut reserved_word_sets = grammar
-        .reserved_word_sets
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|set| set.reserved_words.into_iter().collect())
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-    // If no default reserved word set is specified, there are no reserved words.
-    if reserved_word_sets.is_empty() {
-        reserved_word_sets.push(TokenSet::default());
-    }
-
     Ok(SyntaxGrammar {
         extra_symbols: grammar.extra_symbols,
         expected_conflicts: grammar.expected_conflicts,
@@ -295,7 +224,6 @@ pub(super) fn flatten_grammar(
         external_tokens: grammar.external_tokens,
         supertype_symbols: grammar.supertype_symbols,
         word_token: grammar.word_token,
-        reserved_word_sets,
         variables,
     })
 }
@@ -303,35 +231,32 @@ pub(super) fn flatten_grammar(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::grammars::VariableType;
+    use crate::generate::grammars::VariableType;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_flatten_grammar() {
-        let mut flattener = RuleFlattener::new(HashMap::default());
+        let result = flatten_variable(Variable {
-        let result = flattener
+            name: "test".to_string(),
-            .flatten_variable(Variable {
+            kind: VariableType::Named,
-                name: "test".to_string(),
+            rule: Rule::seq(vec![
-                kind: VariableType::Named,
+                Rule::non_terminal(1),
-                rule: Rule::seq(vec![
+                Rule::prec_left(
-                    Rule::non_terminal(1),
+                    Precedence::Integer(101),
-                    Rule::prec_left(
+                    Rule::seq(vec![
-                        Precedence::Integer(101),
+                        Rule::non_terminal(2),
-                        Rule::seq(vec![
+                        Rule::choice(vec![
-                            Rule::non_terminal(2),
+                            Rule::prec_right(
-                            Rule::choice(vec![
+                                Precedence::Integer(102),
-                                Rule::prec_right(
+                                Rule::seq(vec![Rule::non_terminal(3), Rule::non_terminal(4)]),
-                                    Precedence::Integer(102),
+                            ),
-                                    Rule::seq(vec![Rule::non_terminal(3), Rule::non_terminal(4)]),
+                            Rule::non_terminal(5),
-                                ),
-                                Rule::non_terminal(5),
-                            ]),
-                            Rule::non_terminal(6),
                         ]),
-                    ),
+                        Rule::non_terminal(6),
-                    Rule::non_terminal(7),
+                    ]),
-                ]),
+                ),
-            })
+                Rule::non_terminal(7),
-            .unwrap();
+            ]),
+        });
 
         assert_eq!(
             result.productions,
@@ -368,31 +293,28 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_flatten_grammar_with_maximum_dynamic_precedence() {
-        let mut flattener = RuleFlattener::new(HashMap::default());
+        let result = flatten_variable(Variable {
-        let result = flattener
+            name: "test".to_string(),
-            .flatten_variable(Variable {
+            kind: VariableType::Named,
-                name: "test".to_string(),
+            rule: Rule::seq(vec![
-                kind: VariableType::Named,
+                Rule::non_terminal(1),
-                rule: Rule::seq(vec![
+                Rule::prec_dynamic(
-                    Rule::non_terminal(1),
+                    101,
-                    Rule::prec_dynamic(
+                    Rule::seq(vec![
-                        101,
+                        Rule::non_terminal(2),
-                        Rule::seq(vec![
+                        Rule::choice(vec![
-                            Rule::non_terminal(2),
+                            Rule::prec_dynamic(
-                            Rule::choice(vec![
+                                102,
-                                Rule::prec_dynamic(
+                                Rule::seq(vec![Rule::non_terminal(3), Rule::non_terminal(4)]),
-                                    102,
+                            ),
-                                    Rule::seq(vec![Rule::non_terminal(3), Rule::non_terminal(4)]),
+                            Rule::non_terminal(5),
-                                ),
-                                Rule::non_terminal(5),
-                            ]),
-                            Rule::non_terminal(6),
                         ]),
-                    ),
+                        Rule::non_terminal(6),
-                    Rule::non_terminal(7),
+                    ]),
-                ]),
+                ),
-            })
+                Rule::non_terminal(7),
-            .unwrap();
+            ]),
+        });
 
         assert_eq!(
             result.productions,
@@ -424,17 +346,14 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_flatten_grammar_with_final_precedence() {
-        let mut flattener = RuleFlattener::new(HashMap::default());
+        let result = flatten_variable(Variable {
-        let result = flattener
+            name: "test".to_string(),
-            .flatten_variable(Variable {
+            kind: VariableType::Named,
-                name: "test".to_string(),
+            rule: Rule::prec_left(
-                kind: VariableType::Named,
+                Precedence::Integer(101),
-                rule: Rule::prec_left(
+                Rule::seq(vec![Rule::non_terminal(1), Rule::non_terminal(2)]),
-                    Precedence::Integer(101),
+            ),
-                    Rule::seq(vec![Rule::non_terminal(1), Rule::non_terminal(2)]),
+        });
-                ),
-            })
-            .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
             result.productions,
@@ -449,16 +368,14 @@ mod tests {
             }]
         );
 
-        let result = flattener
+        let result = flatten_variable(Variable {
-            .flatten_variable(Variable {
+            name: "test".to_string(),
-                name: "test".to_string(),
+            kind: VariableType::Named,
-                kind: VariableType::Named,
+            rule: Rule::prec_left(
-                rule: Rule::prec_left(
+                Precedence::Integer(101),
-                    Precedence::Integer(101),
+                Rule::seq(vec![Rule::non_terminal(1)]),
-                    Rule::seq(vec![Rule::non_terminal(1)]),
+            ),
-                ),
+        });
-            })
-            .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(
             result.productions,
@@ -472,21 +389,18 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_flatten_grammar_with_field_names() {
-        let mut flattener = RuleFlattener::new(HashMap::default());
+        let result = flatten_variable(Variable {
-        let result = flattener
+            name: "test".to_string(),
-            .flatten_variable(Variable {
+            kind: VariableType::Named,
-                name: "test".to_string(),
+            rule: Rule::seq(vec![
-                kind: VariableType::Named,
+                Rule::field("first-thing".to_string(), Rule::terminal(1)),
-                rule: Rule::seq(vec![
+                Rule::terminal(2),
-                    Rule::field("first-thing".to_string(), Rule::terminal(1)),
+                Rule::choice(vec![
-                    Rule::terminal(2),
+                    Rule::Blank,
-                    Rule::choice(vec![
+                    Rule::field("second-thing".to_string(), Rule::terminal(3)),
-                        Rule::Blank,
-                        Rule::field("second-thing".to_string(), Rule::terminal(3)),
-                    ]),
                 ]),
-            })
+            ]),
-            .unwrap();
+        });
 
         assert_eq!(
             result.productions,
@@ -520,7 +434,6 @@ mod tests {
             external_tokens: Vec::new(),
             supertype_symbols: Vec::new(),
             word_token: None,
-            reserved_word_sets: Vec::new(),
             variables: vec![Variable {
                 name: "test".to_string(),
                 kind: VariableType::Named,
@@ -534,7 +447,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert_eq!(
             result.unwrap_err().to_string(),
-            "Rule `test` cannot be inlined because it contains a reference to itself",
+            "Rule `test` cannot be inlined because it contains a reference to itself.",
         );
     }
 }

cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/intern_symbols.rs

@@ -1,34 +1,16 @@
-use log::warn;
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-use serde::Serialize;
-use thiserror::Error;
 
 use super::InternedGrammar;
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
-    grammars::{InputGrammar, ReservedWordContext, Variable, VariableType},
+    grammars::{InputGrammar, Variable, VariableType},
     rules::{Rule, Symbol},
 };
 
-pub type InternSymbolsResult<T> = Result<T, InternSymbolsError>;
+pub(super) fn intern_symbols(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> Result<InternedGrammar> {
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub enum InternSymbolsError {
-    #[error("A grammar's start rule must be visible.")]
-    HiddenStartRule,
-    #[error("Undefined symbol `{0}`")]
-    Undefined(String),
-    #[error("Undefined symbol `{0}` in grammar's supertypes array")]
-    UndefinedSupertype(String),
-    #[error("Undefined symbol `{0}` in grammar's conflicts array")]
-    UndefinedConflict(String),
-    #[error("Undefined symbol `{0}` as grammar's word token")]
-    UndefinedWordToken(String),
-}
-
-pub(super) fn intern_symbols(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> InternSymbolsResult<InternedGrammar> {
     let interner = Interner { grammar };
 
     if variable_type_for_name(&grammar.variables[0].name) == VariableType::Hidden {
-        Err(InternSymbolsError::HiddenStartRule)?;
+        return Err(anyhow!("A grammar's start rule must be visible."));
     }
 
     let mut variables = Vec::with_capacity(grammar.variables.len());
@@ -58,31 +40,21 @@ pub(super) fn intern_symbols(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> InternSymbolsResult<Inte
 
     let mut supertype_symbols = Vec::with_capacity(grammar.supertype_symbols.len());
     for supertype_symbol_name in &grammar.supertype_symbols {
-        supertype_symbols.push(interner.intern_name(supertype_symbol_name).ok_or_else(|| {
+        supertype_symbols.push(
-            InternSymbolsError::UndefinedSupertype(supertype_symbol_name.clone())
+            interner
-        })?);
+                .intern_name(supertype_symbol_name)
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Undefined symbol `{supertype_symbol_name}`"))?,
+        );
     }
 
-    let mut reserved_words = Vec::with_capacity(grammar.reserved_words.len());
+    let mut expected_conflicts = Vec::new();
-    for reserved_word_set in &grammar.reserved_words {
-        let mut interned_set = Vec::with_capacity(reserved_word_set.reserved_words.len());
-        for rule in &reserved_word_set.reserved_words {
-            interned_set.push(interner.intern_rule(rule, None)?);
-        }
-        reserved_words.push(ReservedWordContext {
-            name: reserved_word_set.name.clone(),
-            reserved_words: interned_set,
-        });
-    }
-
-    let mut expected_conflicts = Vec::with_capacity(grammar.expected_conflicts.len());
     for conflict in &grammar.expected_conflicts {
         let mut interned_conflict = Vec::with_capacity(conflict.len());
         for name in conflict {
             interned_conflict.push(
                 interner
                     .intern_name(name)
-                    .ok_or_else(|| InternSymbolsError::UndefinedConflict(name.clone()))?,
+                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Undefined symbol `{name}`"))?,
             );
         }
         expected_conflicts.push(interned_conflict);
@@ -95,15 +67,14 @@ pub(super) fn intern_symbols(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> InternSymbolsResult<Inte
         }
     }
 
-    let word_token = if let Some(name) = grammar.word_token.as_ref() {
+    let mut word_token = None;
-        Some(
+    if let Some(name) = grammar.word_token.as_ref() {
+        word_token = Some(
             interner
                 .intern_name(name)
-                .ok_or_else(|| InternSymbolsError::UndefinedWordToken(name.clone()))?,
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Undefined symbol `{name}`"))?,
-        )
+        );
-    } else {
+    }
-        None
-    };
 
     for (i, variable) in variables.iter_mut().enumerate() {
         if supertype_symbols.contains(&Symbol::non_terminal(i)) {
@@ -120,7 +91,6 @@ pub(super) fn intern_symbols(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> InternSymbolsResult<Inte
         supertype_symbols,
         word_token,
         precedence_orderings: grammar.precedence_orderings.clone(),
-        reserved_word_sets: reserved_words,
     })
 }
 
@@ -128,11 +98,11 @@ struct Interner<'a> {
     grammar: &'a InputGrammar,
 }
 
-impl Interner<'_> {
+impl<'a> Interner<'a> {
-    fn intern_rule(&self, rule: &Rule, name: Option<&str>) -> InternSymbolsResult<Rule> {
+    fn intern_rule(&self, rule: &Rule, name: Option<&str>) -> Result<Rule> {
         match rule {
             Rule::Choice(elements) => {
-                self.check_single(elements, name, "choice");
+                self.check_single(elements, name);
                 let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(elements.len());
                 for element in elements {
                     result.push(self.intern_rule(element, name)?);
@@ -140,7 +110,7 @@ impl Interner<'_> {
                 Ok(Rule::Choice(result))
             }
             Rule::Seq(elements) => {
-                self.check_single(elements, name, "seq");
+                self.check_single(elements, name);
                 let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(elements.len());
                 for element in elements {
                     result.push(self.intern_rule(element, name)?);
@@ -152,12 +122,8 @@ impl Interner<'_> {
                 rule: Box::new(self.intern_rule(rule, name)?),
                 params: params.clone(),
             }),
-            Rule::Reserved { rule, context_name } => Ok(Rule::Reserved {
-                rule: Box::new(self.intern_rule(rule, name)?),
-                context_name: context_name.clone(),
-            }),
             Rule::NamedSymbol(name) => self.intern_name(name).map_or_else(
-                || Err(InternSymbolsError::Undefined(name.clone())),
+                || Err(anyhow!("Undefined symbol `{name}`")),
                 |symbol| Ok(Rule::Symbol(symbol)),
             ),
             _ => Ok(rule.clone()),
@@ -184,10 +150,10 @@ impl Interner<'_> {
 
     // In the case of a seq or choice rule of 1 element in a hidden rule, weird
     // inconsistent behavior with queries can occur. So we should warn the user about it.
-    fn check_single(&self, elements: &[Rule], name: Option<&str>, kind: &str) {
+    fn check_single(&self, elements: &[Rule], name: Option<&str>) {
         if elements.len() == 1 && matches!(elements[0], Rule::String(_) | Rule::Pattern(_, _)) {
-            warn!(
+            eprintln!(
-                "rule {} contains a `{kind}` rule with a single element. This is unnecessary.",
+                "Warning: rule {} is just a `seq` or `choice` rule with a single element. This is unnecessary.",
                 name.unwrap_or_default()
             );
         }
@@ -278,9 +244,10 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_grammar_with_undefined_symbols() {
         let result = intern_symbols(&build_grammar(vec![Variable::named("x", Rule::named("y"))]));
 
-        assert!(result.is_err(), "Expected an error but got none");
+        match result {
-        let e = result.err().unwrap();
+            Err(e) => assert_eq!(e.to_string(), "Undefined symbol `y`"),
-        assert_eq!(e.to_string(), "Undefined symbol `y`");
+            _ => panic!("Expected an error but got none"),
+        }
     }
 
     fn build_grammar(variables: Vec<Variable>) -> InputGrammar {

cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/mod.rs

@@ -8,18 +8,12 @@ mod process_inlines;
 
 use std::{
     cmp::Ordering,
-    collections::{hash_map, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet},
+    collections::{hash_map, HashMap, HashSet},
     mem,
 };
 
-pub use expand_tokens::ExpandTokensError;
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-pub use extract_tokens::ExtractTokensError;
+pub(super) use flatten_grammar::symbol_is_used;
-pub use flatten_grammar::FlattenGrammarError;
-use indexmap::IndexMap;
-pub use intern_symbols::InternSymbolsError;
-pub use process_inlines::ProcessInlinesError;
-use serde::Serialize;
-use thiserror::Error;
 
 pub use self::expand_tokens::expand_tokens;
 use self::{
@@ -34,7 +28,6 @@ use super::{
     },
     rules::{AliasMap, Precedence, Rule, Symbol},
 };
-use crate::grammars::ReservedWordContext;
 
 pub struct IntermediateGrammar<T, U> {
     variables: Vec<Variable>,
@@ -45,7 +38,6 @@ pub struct IntermediateGrammar<T, U> {
     variables_to_inline: Vec<Symbol>,
     supertype_symbols: Vec<Symbol>,
     word_token: Option<Symbol>,
-    reserved_word_sets: Vec<ReservedWordContext<T>>,
 }
 
 pub type InternedGrammar = IntermediateGrammar<Rule, Variable>;
@@ -69,96 +61,21 @@ impl<T, U> Default for IntermediateGrammar<T, U> {
             variables_to_inline: Vec::default(),
             supertype_symbols: Vec::default(),
             word_token: Option::default(),
-            reserved_word_sets: Vec::default(),
         }
     }
 }
 
-pub type PrepareGrammarResult<T> = Result<T, PrepareGrammarError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-#[error(transparent)]
-pub enum PrepareGrammarError {
-    ValidatePrecedences(#[from] ValidatePrecedenceError),
-    ValidateIndirectRecursion(#[from] IndirectRecursionError),
-    InternSymbols(#[from] InternSymbolsError),
-    ExtractTokens(#[from] ExtractTokensError),
-    FlattenGrammar(#[from] FlattenGrammarError),
-    ExpandTokens(#[from] ExpandTokensError),
-    ProcessInlines(#[from] ProcessInlinesError),
-}
-
-pub type ValidatePrecedenceResult<T> = Result<T, ValidatePrecedenceError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-#[error(transparent)]
-pub enum ValidatePrecedenceError {
-    Undeclared(#[from] UndeclaredPrecedenceError),
-    Ordering(#[from] ConflictingPrecedenceOrderingError),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub struct IndirectRecursionError(pub Vec<String>);
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for IndirectRecursionError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "Grammar contains an indirectly recursive rule: ")?;
-        for (i, symbol) in self.0.iter().enumerate() {
-            if i > 0 {
-                write!(f, " -> ")?;
-            }
-            write!(f, "{symbol}")?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub struct UndeclaredPrecedenceError {
-    pub precedence: String,
-    pub rule: String,
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for UndeclaredPrecedenceError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(
-            f,
-            "Undeclared precedence '{}' in rule '{}'",
-            self.precedence, self.rule
-        )?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub struct ConflictingPrecedenceOrderingError {
-    pub precedence_1: String,
-    pub precedence_2: String,
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for ConflictingPrecedenceOrderingError {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(
-            f,
-            "Conflicting orderings for precedences {} and {}",
-            self.precedence_1, self.precedence_2
-        )?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
 /// Transform an input grammar into separate components that are ready
 /// for parse table construction.
 pub fn prepare_grammar(
     input_grammar: &InputGrammar,
-) -> PrepareGrammarResult<(
+) -> Result<(
     SyntaxGrammar,
     LexicalGrammar,
     InlinedProductionMap,
     AliasMap,
 )> {
     validate_precedences(input_grammar)?;
-    validate_indirect_recursion(input_grammar)?;
 
     let interned_grammar = intern_symbols(input_grammar)?;
     let (syntax_grammar, lexical_grammar) = extract_tokens(interned_grammar)?;
@@ -170,94 +87,13 @@ pub fn prepare_grammar(
     Ok((syntax_grammar, lexical_grammar, inlines, default_aliases))
 }
 
-/// Check for indirect recursion cycles in the grammar that can cause infinite loops while
-/// parsing. An indirect recursion cycle occurs when a non-terminal can derive itself through
-/// a chain of single-symbol productions (e.g., A -> B, B -> A).
-fn validate_indirect_recursion(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> Result<(), IndirectRecursionError> {
-    let mut epsilon_transitions: IndexMap<&str, BTreeSet<String>> = IndexMap::new();
-
-    for variable in &grammar.variables {
-        let productions = get_single_symbol_productions(&variable.rule);
-        // Filter out rules that *directly* reference themselves, as this doesn't
-        // cause a parsing loop.
-        let filtered: BTreeSet<String> = productions
-            .into_iter()
-            .filter(|s| s != &variable.name)
-            .collect();
-        epsilon_transitions.insert(variable.name.as_str(), filtered);
-    }
-
-    for start_symbol in epsilon_transitions.keys() {
-        let mut visited = BTreeSet::new();
-        let mut path = Vec::new();
-        if let Some((start_idx, end_idx)) =
-            get_cycle(start_symbol, &epsilon_transitions, &mut visited, &mut path)
-        {
-            let cycle_symbols = path[start_idx..=end_idx]
-                .iter()
-                .map(|s| (*s).to_string())
-                .collect();
-            return Err(IndirectRecursionError(cycle_symbols));
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn get_single_symbol_productions(rule: &Rule) -> BTreeSet<String> {
-    match rule {
-        Rule::NamedSymbol(name) => BTreeSet::from([name.clone()]),
-        Rule::Choice(choices) => choices
-            .iter()
-            .flat_map(get_single_symbol_productions)
-            .collect(),
-        Rule::Metadata { rule, .. } => get_single_symbol_productions(rule),
-        _ => BTreeSet::new(),
-    }
-}
-
-/// Perform a depth-first search to detect cycles in single state transitions.
-fn get_cycle<'a>(
-    current: &'a str,
-    transitions: &'a IndexMap<&'a str, BTreeSet<String>>,
-    visited: &mut BTreeSet<&'a str>,
-    path: &mut Vec<&'a str>,
-) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
-    if let Some(first_idx) = path.iter().position(|s| *s == current) {
-        path.push(current);
-        return Some((first_idx, path.len() - 1));
-    }
-
-    if visited.contains(current) {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    path.push(current);
-    visited.insert(current);
-
-    if let Some(next_symbols) = transitions.get(current) {
-        for next in next_symbols {
-            if let Some(cycle) = get_cycle(next, transitions, visited, path) {
-                return Some(cycle);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    path.pop();
-    None
-}
-
 /// Check that all of the named precedences used in the grammar are declared
 /// within the `precedences` lists, and also that there are no conflicting
 /// precedence orderings declared in those lists.
-fn validate_precedences(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> ValidatePrecedenceResult<()> {
+fn validate_precedences(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> Result<()> {
     // Check that no rule contains a named precedence that is not present in
     // any of the `precedences` lists.
-    fn validate(
+    fn validate(rule_name: &str, rule: &Rule, names: &HashSet<&String>) -> Result<()> {
-        rule_name: &str,
-        rule: &Rule,
-        names: &HashSet<&String>,
-    ) -> ValidatePrecedenceResult<()> {
         match rule {
             Rule::Repeat(rule) => validate(rule_name, rule, names),
             Rule::Seq(elements) | Rule::Choice(elements) => elements
@@ -266,10 +102,7 @@ fn validate_precedences(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> ValidatePrecedenceResult<()>
             Rule::Metadata { rule, params } => {
                 if let Precedence::Name(n) = &params.precedence {
                     if !names.contains(n) {
-                        Err(UndeclaredPrecedenceError {
+                        return Err(anyhow!("Undeclared precedence '{n}' in rule '{rule_name}'"));
-                            precedence: n.clone(),
-                            rule: rule_name.to_string(),
-                        })?;
                     }
                 }
                 validate(rule_name, rule, names)?;
@@ -299,10 +132,9 @@ fn validate_precedences(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> ValidatePrecedenceResult<()>
                     }
                     hash_map::Entry::Occupied(e) => {
                         if e.get() != &ordering {
-                            Err(ConflictingPrecedenceOrderingError {
+                            return Err(anyhow!(
-                                precedence_1: entry1.to_string(),
+                                "Conflicting orderings for precedences {entry1} and {entry2}",
-                                precedence_2: entry2.to_string(),
+                            ));
-                            })?;
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -332,7 +164,7 @@ fn validate_precedences(grammar: &InputGrammar) -> ValidatePrecedenceResult<()>
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::grammars::VariableType;
+    use crate::generate::grammars::VariableType;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_validate_precedences_with_undeclared_precedence() {

cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/process_inlines.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use serde::Serialize;
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-use thiserror::Error;
 
-use crate::{
+use crate::generate::{
     grammars::{InlinedProductionMap, LexicalGrammar, Production, ProductionStep, SyntaxGrammar},
     rules::SymbolType,
 };
@@ -70,13 +69,12 @@ impl InlinedProductionMapBuilder {
         let production_map = production_indices_by_step_id
             .into_iter()
             .map(|(step_id, production_indices)| {
-                let production =
+                let production = step_id.variable_index.map_or_else(
-                    core::ptr::from_ref::<Production>(step_id.variable_index.map_or_else(
+                    || &productions[step_id.production_index],
-                        || &productions[step_id.production_index],
+                    |variable_index| {
-                        |variable_index| {
+                        &grammar.variables[variable_index].productions[step_id.production_index]
-                            &grammar.variables[variable_index].productions[step_id.production_index]
+                    },
-                        },
+                ) as *const Production;
-                    ));
                 ((production, step_id.step_index as u32), production_indices)
             })
             .collect();
@@ -189,38 +187,29 @@ impl InlinedProductionMapBuilder {
     }
 }
 
-pub type ProcessInlinesResult<T> = Result<T, ProcessInlinesError>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Serialize)]
-pub enum ProcessInlinesError {
-    #[error("External token `{0}` cannot be inlined")]
-    ExternalToken(String),
-    #[error("Token `{0}` cannot be inlined")]
-    Token(String),
-    #[error("Rule `{0}` cannot be inlined because it is the first rule")]
-    FirstRule(String),
-}
-
 pub(super) fn process_inlines(
     grammar: &SyntaxGrammar,
     lexical_grammar: &LexicalGrammar,
-) -> ProcessInlinesResult<InlinedProductionMap> {
+) -> Result<InlinedProductionMap> {
     for symbol in &grammar.variables_to_inline {
         match symbol.kind {
             SymbolType::External => {
-                Err(ProcessInlinesError::ExternalToken(
+                return Err(anyhow!(
-                    grammar.external_tokens[symbol.index].name.clone(),
+                    "External token `{}` cannot be inlined",
-                ))?;
+                    grammar.external_tokens[symbol.index].name
+                ))
             }
             SymbolType::Terminal => {
-                Err(ProcessInlinesError::Token(
+                return Err(anyhow!(
-                    lexical_grammar.variables[symbol.index].name.clone(),
+                    "Token `{}` cannot be inlined",
-                ))?;
+                    lexical_grammar.variables[symbol.index].name,
+                ))
             }
             SymbolType::NonTerminal if symbol.index == 0 => {
-                Err(ProcessInlinesError::FirstRule(
+                return Err(anyhow!(
-                    grammar.variables[symbol.index].name.clone(),
+                    "Rule `{}` cannot be inlined because it is the first rule",
-                ))?;
+                    grammar.variables[symbol.index].name,
+                ))
             }
             _ => {}
         }
@@ -236,7 +225,7 @@ pub(super) fn process_inlines(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::{
+    use crate::generate::{
         grammars::{LexicalVariable, SyntaxVariable, VariableType},
         rules::{Associativity, Precedence, Symbol},
     };
@@ -549,9 +538,10 @@ mod tests {
             ..Default::default()
         };
 
-        let result = process_inlines(&grammar, &lexical_grammar);
+        if let Err(error) = process_inlines(&grammar, &lexical_grammar) {
-        assert!(result.is_err(), "expected an error, but got none");
+            assert_eq!(error.to_string(), "Token `something` cannot be inlined");
-        let err = result.err().unwrap();
+        } else {
-        assert_eq!(err.to_string(), "Token `something` cannot be inlined",);
+            panic!("expected an error, but got none");
+        }
     }
 }

cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/unicode-category-aliases.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"Other":"C","Control":"Cc","cntrl":"Cc","Format":"Cf","Unassigned":"Cn","Private_Use":"Co","Surrogate":"Cs","Letter":"L","Cased_Letter":"LC","Lowercase_Letter":"Ll","Modifier_Letter":"Lm","Other_Letter":"Lo","Titlecase_Letter":"Lt","Uppercase_Letter":"Lu","Mark":"M","Combining_Mark":"M","Spacing_Mark":"Mc","Enclosing_Mark":"Me","Nonspacing_Mark":"Mn","Number":"N","Decimal_Number":"Nd","digit":"Nd","Letter_Number":"Nl","Other_Number":"No","Punctuation":"P","punct":"P","Connector_Punctuation":"Pc","Dash_Punctuation":"Pd","Close_Punctuation":"Pe","Final_Punctuation":"Pf","Initial_Punctuation":"Pi","Other_Punctuation":"Po","Open_Punctuation":"Ps","Symbol":"S","Currency_Symbol":"Sc","Modifier_Symbol":"Sk","Math_Symbol":"Sm","Other_Symbol":"So","Separator":"Z","Line_Separator":"Zl","Paragraph_Separator":"Zp","Space_Separator":"Zs"}

cli/src/generate/prepare_grammar/unicode-property-aliases.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"cjkAccountingNumeric":"kAccountingNumeric","cjkOtherNumeric":"kOtherNumeric","cjkPrimaryNumeric":"kPrimaryNumeric","nv":"Numeric_Value","bmg":"Bidi_Mirroring_Glyph","bpb":"Bidi_Paired_Bracket","cf":"Case_Folding","cjkCompatibilityVariant":"kCompatibilityVariant","dm":"Decomposition_Mapping","EqUIdeo":"Equivalent_Unified_Ideograph","FC_NFKC":"FC_NFKC_Closure","lc":"Lowercase_Mapping","NFKC_CF":"NFKC_Casefold","NFKC_SCF":"NFKC_Simple_Casefold","scf":"Simple_Case_Folding","sfc":"Simple_Case_Folding","slc":"Simple_Lowercase_Mapping","stc":"Simple_Titlecase_Mapping","suc":"Simple_Uppercase_Mapping","tc":"Titlecase_Mapping","uc":"Uppercase_Mapping","cjkIICore":"kIICore","cjkIRG_GSource":"kIRG_GSource","cjkIRG_HSource":"kIRG_HSource","cjkIRG_JSource":"kIRG_JSource","cjkIRG_KPSource":"kIRG_KPSource","cjkIRG_KSource":"kIRG_KSource","cjkIRG_MSource":"kIRG_MSource","cjkIRG_SSource":"kIRG_SSource","cjkIRG_TSource":"kIRG_TSource","cjkIRG_UKSource":"kIRG_UKSource","cjkIRG_USource":"kIRG_USource","cjkIRG_VSource":"kIRG_VSource","cjkRSUnicode":"kRSUnicode","Unicode_Radical_Stroke":"kRSUnicode","URS":"kRSUnicode","isc":"ISO_Comment","JSN":"Jamo_Short_Name","na":"Name","na1":"Unicode_1_Name","Name_Alias":"Name_Alias","scx":"Script_Extensions","age":"Age","blk":"Block","sc":"Script","bc":"Bidi_Class","bpt":"Bidi_Paired_Bracket_Type","ccc":"Canonical_Combining_Class","dt":"Decomposition_Type","ea":"East_Asian_Width","gc":"General_Category","GCB":"Grapheme_Cluster_Break","hst":"Hangul_Syllable_Type","InCB":"Indic_Conjunct_Break","InPC":"Indic_Positional_Category","InSC":"Indic_Syllabic_Category","jg":"Joining_Group","jt":"Joining_Type","lb":"Line_Break","NFC_QC":"NFC_Quick_Check","NFD_QC":"NFD_Quick_Check","NFKC_QC":"NFKC_Quick_Check","NFKD_QC":"NFKD_Quick_Check","nt":"Numeric_Type","SB":"Sentence_Break","vo":"Vertical_Orientation","WB":"Word_Break","AHex":"ASCII_Hex_Digit","Alpha":"Alphabetic","Bidi_C":"Bidi_Control","Bidi_M":"Bidi_Mirrored","Cased":"Cased","CE":"Composition_Exclusion","CI":"Case_Ignorable","Comp_Ex":"Full_Composition_Exclusion","CWCF":"Changes_When_Casefolded","CWCM":"Changes_When_Casemapped","CWKCF":"Changes_When_NFKC_Casefolded","CWL":"Changes_When_Lowercased","CWT":"Changes_When_Titlecased","CWU":"Changes_When_Uppercased","Dash":"Dash","Dep":"Deprecated","DI":"Default_Ignorable_Code_Point","Dia":"Diacritic","EBase":"Emoji_Modifier_Base","EComp":"Emoji_Component","EMod":"Emoji_Modifier","Emoji":"Emoji","EPres":"Emoji_Presentation","Ext":"Extender","ExtPict":"Extended_Pictographic","Gr_Base":"Grapheme_Base","Gr_Ext":"Grapheme_Extend","Gr_Link":"Grapheme_Link","Hex":"Hex_Digit","Hyphen":"Hyphen","ID_Compat_Math_Continue":"ID_Compat_Math_Continue","ID_Compat_Math_Start":"ID_Compat_Math_Start","IDC":"ID_Continue","Ideo":"Ideographic","IDS":"ID_Start","IDSB":"IDS_Binary_Operator","IDST":"IDS_Trinary_Operator","IDSU":"IDS_Unary_Operator","Join_C":"Join_Control","LOE":"Logical_Order_Exception","Lower":"Lowercase","Math":"Math","NChar":"Noncharacter_Code_Point","OAlpha":"Other_Alphabetic","ODI":"Other_Default_Ignorable_Code_Point","OGr_Ext":"Other_Grapheme_Extend","OIDC":"Other_ID_Continue","OIDS":"Other_ID_Start","OLower":"Other_Lowercase","OMath":"Other_Math","OUpper":"Other_Uppercase","Pat_Syn":"Pattern_Syntax","Pat_WS":"Pattern_White_Space","PCM":"Prepended_Concatenation_Mark","QMark":"Quotation_Mark","Radical":"Radical","RI":"Regional_Indicator","SD":"Soft_Dotted","STerm":"Sentence_Terminal","Term":"Terminal_Punctuation","UIdeo":"Unified_Ideograph","Upper":"Uppercase","VS":"Variation_Selector","WSpace":"White_Space","space":"White_Space","XIDC":"XID_Continue","XIDS":"XID_Start","XO_NFC":"Expands_On_NFC","XO_NFD":"Expands_On_NFD","XO_NFKC":"Expands_On_NFKC","XO_NFKD":"Expands_On_NFKD"}

cli/src/generate/render.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,15 @@
 use std::{
     cmp,
-    collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet},
+    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
     fmt::Write,
     mem::swap,
 };
 
-use crate::LANGUAGE_VERSION;
-use indoc::indoc;
-
 use super::{
     build_tables::Tables,
     grammars::{ExternalToken, LexicalGrammar, SyntaxGrammar, VariableType},
     nfa::CharacterSet,
-    node_types::ChildType,
+    rules::{Alias, AliasMap, Symbol, SymbolType},
-    rules::{Alias, AliasMap, Symbol, SymbolType, TokenSet},
     tables::{
         AdvanceAction, FieldLocation, GotoAction, LexState, LexTable, ParseAction, ParseTable,
         ParseTableEntry,
@@ -21,11 +17,10 @@ use super::{
 };
 
 const SMALL_STATE_THRESHOLD: usize = 64;
-pub const ABI_VERSION_MIN: usize = 14;
+const ABI_VERSION_MIN: usize = 13;
-pub const ABI_VERSION_MAX: usize = LANGUAGE_VERSION;
+const ABI_VERSION_MAX: usize = tree_sitter::LANGUAGE_VERSION;
-const ABI_VERSION_WITH_RESERVED_WORDS: usize = 15;
+const ABI_VERSION_WITH_PRIMARY_STATES: usize = 14;
 
-#[clippy::format_args]
 macro_rules! add {
     ($this: tt, $($arg: tt)*) => {{
         $this.buffer.write_fmt(format_args!($($arg)*)).unwrap();
@@ -34,15 +29,12 @@ macro_rules! add {
 
 macro_rules! add_whitespace {
     ($this:tt) => {{
-        // 4 bytes per char, 2 spaces per indent level
-        $this.buffer.reserve(4 * 2 * $this.indent_level);
         for _ in 0..$this.indent_level {
             write!(&mut $this.buffer, "  ").unwrap();
         }
     }};
 }
 
-#[clippy::format_args]
 macro_rules! add_line {
     ($this: tt, $($arg: tt)*) => {
         add_whitespace!($this);
@@ -64,7 +56,6 @@ macro_rules! dedent {
     };
 }
 
-#[derive(Default)]
 struct Generator {
     buffer: String,
     indent_level: usize,
@@ -75,6 +66,7 @@ struct Generator {
     large_character_sets: Vec<(Option<Symbol>, CharacterSet)>,
     large_character_set_info: Vec<LargeCharacterSetInfo>,
     large_state_count: usize,
+    keyword_capture_token: Option<Symbol>,
     syntax_grammar: SyntaxGrammar,
     lexical_grammar: LexicalGrammar,
     default_aliases: AliasMap,
@@ -83,13 +75,10 @@ struct Generator {
     alias_ids: HashMap<Alias, String>,
     unique_aliases: Vec<Alias>,
     symbol_map: HashMap<Symbol, Symbol>,
-    reserved_word_sets: Vec<TokenSet>,
-    reserved_word_set_ids_by_parse_state: Vec<usize>,
     field_names: Vec<String>,
-    supertype_symbol_map: BTreeMap<Symbol, Vec<ChildType>>,
+
-    supertype_map: BTreeMap<String, Vec<ChildType>>,
+    #[allow(unused)]
     abi_version: usize,
-    metadata: Option<Metadata>,
 }
 
 struct LargeCharacterSetInfo {
@@ -97,16 +86,9 @@ struct LargeCharacterSetInfo {
     is_used: bool,
 }
 
-struct Metadata {
-    major_version: u8,
-    minor_version: u8,
-    patch_version: u8,
-}
-
 impl Generator {
     fn generate(mut self) -> String {
         self.init();
-        self.add_header();
         self.add_includes();
         self.add_pragmas();
         self.add_stats();
@@ -126,10 +108,9 @@ impl Generator {
         }
 
         self.add_non_terminal_alias_map();
-        self.add_primary_state_id_list();
 
-        if self.abi_version >= ABI_VERSION_WITH_RESERVED_WORDS && !self.supertype_map.is_empty() {
+        if self.abi_version >= ABI_VERSION_WITH_PRIMARY_STATES {
-            self.add_supertype_map();
+            self.add_primary_state_id_list();
         }
 
         let buffer_offset_before_lex_functions = self.buffer.len();
@@ -138,7 +119,7 @@ impl Generator {
         swap(&mut main_lex_table, &mut self.main_lex_table);
         self.add_lex_function("ts_lex", main_lex_table);
 
-        if self.syntax_grammar.word_token.is_some() {
+        if self.keyword_capture_token.is_some() {
             let mut keyword_lex_table = LexTable::default();
             swap(&mut keyword_lex_table, &mut self.keyword_lex_table);
             self.add_lex_function("ts_lex_keywords", keyword_lex_table);
@@ -154,13 +135,7 @@ impl Generator {
         }
         self.buffer.push_str(&lex_functions);
 
-        self.add_lex_modes();
+        self.add_lex_modes_list();
-
-        if self.abi_version >= ABI_VERSION_WITH_RESERVED_WORDS && self.reserved_word_sets.len() > 1
-        {
-            self.add_reserved_word_sets();
-        }
-
         self.add_parse_table();
 
         if !self.syntax_grammar.external_tokens.is_empty() {
@@ -241,24 +216,33 @@ impl Generator {
             for alias in &production_info.alias_sequence {
                 // Generate a mapping from aliases to C identifiers.
                 if let Some(alias) = &alias {
-                    // Some aliases match an existing symbol in the grammar.
+                    let existing_symbol = self.parse_table.symbols.iter().copied().find(|symbol| {
-                    let alias_id =
+                        self.default_aliases.get(symbol).map_or_else(
-                        if let Some(existing_symbol) = self.symbols_for_alias(alias).first() {
+                            || {
-                            self.symbol_ids[&self.symbol_map[existing_symbol]].clone()
+                                let (name, kind) = self.metadata_for_symbol(*symbol);
-                        }
+                                name == alias.value && kind == alias.kind()
-                        // Other aliases don't match any existing symbol, and need their own
+                            },
-                        // identifiers.
+                            |default_alias| default_alias == alias,
-                        else {
+                        )
-                            if let Err(i) = self.unique_aliases.binary_search(alias) {
+                    });
-                                self.unique_aliases.insert(i, alias.clone());
-                            }
 
-                            if alias.is_named {
+                    // Some aliases match an existing symbol in the grammar.
-                                format!("alias_sym_{}", self.sanitize_identifier(&alias.value))
+                    let alias_id = if let Some(existing_symbol) = existing_symbol {
-                            } else {
+                        self.symbol_ids[&self.symbol_map[&existing_symbol]].clone()
-                                format!("anon_alias_sym_{}", self.sanitize_identifier(&alias.value))
+                    }
-                            }
+                    // Other aliases don't match any existing symbol, and need their own
-                        };
+                    // identifiers.
+                    else {
+                        if let Err(i) = self.unique_aliases.binary_search(alias) {
+                            self.unique_aliases.insert(i, alias.clone());
+                        }
+
+                        if alias.is_named {
+                            format!("alias_sym_{}", self.sanitize_identifier(&alias.value))
+                        } else {
+                            format!("anon_alias_sym_{}", self.sanitize_identifier(&alias.value))
+                        }
+                    };
 
                     self.alias_ids.entry(alias.clone()).or_insert(alias_id);
                 }
@@ -282,34 +266,6 @@ impl Generator {
             });
         }
 
-        // Assign an id to each unique reserved word set
-        self.reserved_word_sets.push(TokenSet::new());
-        for state in &self.parse_table.states {
-            let id = if let Some(ix) = self
-                .reserved_word_sets
-                .iter()
-                .position(|set| *set == state.reserved_words)
-            {
-                ix
-            } else {
-                self.reserved_word_sets.push(state.reserved_words.clone());
-                self.reserved_word_sets.len() - 1
-            };
-            self.reserved_word_set_ids_by_parse_state.push(id);
-        }
-
-        if self.abi_version >= ABI_VERSION_WITH_RESERVED_WORDS {
-            for (supertype, subtypes) in &self.supertype_symbol_map {
-                if let Some(supertype) = self.symbol_ids.get(supertype) {
-                    self.supertype_map
-                        .entry(supertype.clone())
-                        .or_insert_with(|| subtypes.clone());
-                }
-            }
-
-            self.supertype_symbol_map.clear();
-        }
-
         // Determine which states should use the "small state" representation, and which should
         // use the normal array representation.
         let threshold = cmp::min(SMALL_STATE_THRESHOLD, self.parse_table.symbols.len() / 2);
@@ -324,11 +280,6 @@ impl Generator {
             .count();
     }
 
-    fn add_header(&mut self) {
-        add_line!(self, "/* Automatically @generated by tree-sitter */",);
-        add_line!(self, "");
-    }
-
     fn add_includes(&mut self) {
         add_line!(self, "#include \"tree_sitter/parser.h\"");
         add_line!(self, "");
@@ -390,7 +341,7 @@ impl Generator {
             self.parse_table.symbols.len()
         );
         add_line!(self, "#define ALIAS_COUNT {}", self.unique_aliases.len());
-        add_line!(self, "#define TOKEN_COUNT {token_count}");
+        add_line!(self, "#define TOKEN_COUNT {}", token_count);
         add_line!(
             self,
             "#define EXTERNAL_TOKEN_COUNT {}",
@@ -402,22 +353,11 @@ impl Generator {
             "#define MAX_ALIAS_SEQUENCE_LENGTH {}",
             self.parse_table.max_aliased_production_length
         );
-        add_line!(
-            self,
-            "#define MAX_RESERVED_WORD_SET_SIZE {}",
-            self.reserved_word_sets
-                .iter()
-                .map(TokenSet::len)
-                .max()
-                .unwrap()
-        );
-
         add_line!(
             self,
             "#define PRODUCTION_ID_COUNT {}",
             self.parse_table.production_infos.len()
         );
-        add_line!(self, "#define SUPERTYPE_COUNT {}", self.supertype_map.len());
         add_line!(self, "");
     }
 
@@ -679,32 +619,31 @@ impl Generator {
             &mut next_flat_field_map_index,
         );
 
-        let mut field_map_ids = Vec::with_capacity(self.parse_table.production_infos.len());
+        let mut field_map_ids = Vec::new();
         for production_info in &self.parse_table.production_infos {
             if production_info.field_map.is_empty() {
                 field_map_ids.push((0, 0));
             } else {
-                let mut flat_field_map = Vec::with_capacity(production_info.field_map.len());
+                let mut flat_field_map = Vec::new();
                 for (field_name, locations) in &production_info.field_map {
                     for location in locations {
                         flat_field_map.push((field_name.clone(), *location));
                     }
                 }
-                let field_map_len = flat_field_map.len();
                 field_map_ids.push((
                     self.get_field_map_id(
-                        flat_field_map,
+                        flat_field_map.clone(),
                         &mut flat_field_maps,
                         &mut next_flat_field_map_index,
                     ),
-                    field_map_len,
+                    flat_field_map.len(),
                 ));
             }
         }
 
         add_line!(
             self,
-            "static const TSMapSlice ts_field_map_slices[PRODUCTION_ID_COUNT] = {{",
+            "static const TSFieldMapSlice ts_field_map_slices[PRODUCTION_ID_COUNT] = {{",
         );
         indent!(self);
         for (production_id, (row_id, length)) in field_map_ids.into_iter().enumerate() {
@@ -743,83 +682,6 @@ impl Generator {
         add_line!(self, "");
     }
 
-    fn add_supertype_map(&mut self) {
-        add_line!(
-            self,
-            "static const TSSymbol ts_supertype_symbols[SUPERTYPE_COUNT] = {{"
-        );
-        indent!(self);
-        for supertype in self.supertype_map.keys() {
-            add_line!(self, "{supertype},");
-        }
-        dedent!(self);
-        add_line!(self, "}};\n");
-
-        add_line!(
-            self,
-            "static const TSMapSlice ts_supertype_map_slices[] = {{",
-        );
-        indent!(self);
-        let mut row_id = 0;
-        let mut supertype_ids = vec![0];
-        let mut supertype_string_map = BTreeMap::new();
-        for (supertype, subtypes) in &self.supertype_map {
-            supertype_string_map.insert(
-                supertype,
-                subtypes
-                    .iter()
-                    .flat_map(|s| match s {
-                        ChildType::Normal(symbol) => vec![self.symbol_ids.get(symbol).cloned()],
-                        ChildType::Aliased(alias) => {
-                            self.alias_ids.get(alias).cloned().map_or_else(
-                                || {
-                                    self.symbols_for_alias(alias)
-                                        .into_iter()
-                                        .map(|s| self.symbol_ids.get(&s).cloned())
-                                        .collect()
-                                },
-                                |a| vec![Some(a)],
-                            )
-                        }
-                    })
-                    .flatten()
-                    .collect::<BTreeSet<String>>(),
-            );
-        }
-        for (supertype, subtypes) in &supertype_string_map {
-            let length = subtypes.len();
-            add_line!(
-                self,
-                "[{supertype}] = {{.index = {row_id}, .length = {length}}},",
-            );
-            row_id += length;
-            supertype_ids.push(row_id);
-        }
-        dedent!(self);
-        add_line!(self, "}};");
-        add_line!(self, "");
-
-        add_line!(
-            self,
-            "static const TSSymbol ts_supertype_map_entries[] = {{",
-        );
-        indent!(self);
-        for (i, (_, subtypes)) in supertype_string_map.iter().enumerate() {
-            let row_index = supertype_ids[i];
-            add_line!(self, "[{row_index}] =");
-            indent!(self);
-            for subtype in subtypes {
-                add_whitespace!(self);
-                add!(self, "{subtype},\n");
-            }
-            dedent!(self);
-        }
-
-        dedent!(self);
-        add_line!(self, "}};");
-        add_line!(self, "");
-    }
-
     fn add_lex_function(&mut self, name: &str, lex_table: LexTable) {
         add_line!(
             self,
@@ -877,7 +739,7 @@ impl Generator {
                 && chars.ranges().all(|r| {
                     let start = *r.start() as u32;
                     let end = *r.end() as u32;
-                    end <= start + 1 && u16::try_from(end).is_ok()
+                    end <= start + 1 && end <= u16::MAX as u32
                 })
             {
                 leading_simple_transition_count += 1;
@@ -965,7 +827,10 @@ impl Generator {
                 large_char_set_ix = Some(char_set_ix);
             }
 
-            let line_break = format!("\n{}", "  ".repeat(self.indent_level + 2));
+            let mut line_break = "\n".to_string();
+            for _ in 0..self.indent_level + 2 {
+                line_break.push_str("  ");
+            }
 
             let has_positive_condition = large_char_set_ix.is_some() || !asserted_chars.is_empty();
             let has_negative_condition = !negated_chars.is_empty();
@@ -992,7 +857,7 @@ impl Generator {
                 add!(
                     self,
                     "set_contains({}, {}, lookahead)",
-                    char_set_info.constant_name,
+                    &char_set_info.constant_name,
                     large_set.range_count(),
                 );
                 if check_eof {
@@ -1057,6 +922,7 @@ impl Generator {
                     }
                     self.add_character(end);
                     add!(self, ")");
+                    continue;
                 } else if end == start {
                     add!(self, "lookahead == ");
                     self.add_character(start);
@@ -1107,7 +973,7 @@ impl Generator {
 
         add_line!(
             self,
-            "static const TSCharacterRange {}[] = {{",
+            "static TSCharacterRange {}[] = {{",
             info.constant_name
         );
 
@@ -1142,66 +1008,25 @@ impl Generator {
         }
     }
 
-    fn add_lex_modes(&mut self) {
+    fn add_lex_modes_list(&mut self) {
         add_line!(
             self,
-            "static const {} ts_lex_modes[STATE_COUNT] = {{",
+            "static const TSLexMode ts_lex_modes[STATE_COUNT] = {{"
-            if self.abi_version >= ABI_VERSION_WITH_RESERVED_WORDS {
-                "TSLexerMode"
-            } else {
-                "TSLexMode"
-            }
         );
         indent!(self);
         for (i, state) in self.parse_table.states.iter().enumerate() {
-            add_whitespace!(self);
-            add!(self, "[{i}] = {{");
             if state.is_end_of_non_terminal_extra() {
-                add!(self, "(TSStateId)(-1),");
+                add_line!(self, "[{i}] = {{(TSStateId)(-1)}},");
+            } else if state.external_lex_state_id > 0 {
+                add_line!(
+                    self,
+                    "[{i}] = {{.lex_state = {}, .external_lex_state = {}}},",
+                    state.lex_state_id,
+                    state.external_lex_state_id
+                );
             } else {
-                add!(self, ".lex_state = {}", state.lex_state_id);
+                add_line!(self, "[{i}] = {{.lex_state = {}}},", state.lex_state_id);
-
-                if state.external_lex_state_id > 0 {
-                    add!(
-                        self,
-                        ", .external_lex_state = {}",
-                        state.external_lex_state_id
-                    );
-                }
-
-                if self.abi_version >= ABI_VERSION_WITH_RESERVED_WORDS {
-                    let reserved_word_set_id = self.reserved_word_set_ids_by_parse_state[i];
-                    if reserved_word_set_id != 0 {
-                        add!(self, ", .reserved_word_set_id = {reserved_word_set_id}");
-                    }
-                }
             }
-
-            add!(self, "}},\n");
-        }
-        dedent!(self);
-        add_line!(self, "}};");
-        add_line!(self, "");
-    }
-
-    fn add_reserved_word_sets(&mut self) {
-        add_line!(
-            self,
-            "static const TSSymbol ts_reserved_words[{}][MAX_RESERVED_WORD_SET_SIZE] = {{",
-            self.reserved_word_sets.len(),
-        );
-        indent!(self);
-        for (id, set) in self.reserved_word_sets.iter().enumerate() {
-            if id == 0 {
-                continue;
-            }
-            add_line!(self, "[{id}] = {{");
-            indent!(self);
-            for token in set.iter() {
-                add_line!(self, "{},", self.symbol_ids[&token]);
-            }
-            dedent!(self);
-            add_line!(self, "}},");
         }
         dedent!(self);
         add_line!(self, "}};");
@@ -1255,7 +1080,7 @@ impl Generator {
         indent!(self);
         for i in 0..self.parse_table.external_lex_states.len() {
             if !self.parse_table.external_lex_states[i].is_empty() {
-                add_line!(self, "[{i}] = {{");
+                add_line!(self, "[{}] = {{", i);
                 indent!(self);
                 for token in self.parse_table.external_lex_states[i].iter() {
                     add_line!(
@@ -1277,7 +1102,6 @@ impl Generator {
         let mut parse_table_entries = HashMap::new();
         let mut next_parse_action_list_index = 0;
 
-        // Parse action lists zero is for the default value, when a symbol is not valid.
         self.get_parse_action_list_id(
             &ParseTableEntry {
                 actions: Vec::new(),
@@ -1303,7 +1127,7 @@ impl Generator {
             .enumerate()
             .take(self.large_state_count)
         {
-            add_line!(self, "[STATE({i})] = {{");
+            add_line!(self, "[{i}] = {{");
             indent!(self);
 
             // Ensure the entries are in a deterministic order, since they are
@@ -1335,11 +1159,9 @@ impl Generator {
                 );
                 add_line!(self, "[{}] = ACTIONS({entry_id}),", self.symbol_ids[symbol]);
             }
-
             dedent!(self);
             add_line!(self, "}},");
         }
-
         dedent!(self);
         add_line!(self, "}};");
         add_line!(self, "");
@@ -1348,16 +1170,11 @@ impl Generator {
             add_line!(self, "static const uint16_t ts_small_parse_table[] = {{");
             indent!(self);
 
-            let mut next_table_index = 0;
+            let mut index = 0;
-            let mut small_state_indices = Vec::with_capacity(
+            let mut small_state_indices = Vec::new();
-                self.parse_table
-                    .states
-                    .len()
-                    .saturating_sub(self.large_state_count),
-            );
             let mut symbols_by_value = HashMap::<(usize, SymbolType), Vec<Symbol>>::new();
             for state in self.parse_table.states.iter().skip(self.large_state_count) {
-                small_state_indices.push(next_table_index);
+                small_state_indices.push(index);
                 symbols_by_value.clear();
 
                 terminal_entries.clear();
@@ -1396,16 +1213,10 @@ impl Generator {
                     (symbols.len(), *kind, *value, symbols[0])
                 });
 
-                add_line!(
+                add_line!(self, "[{index}] = {},", values_with_symbols.len());
-                    self,
-                    "[{next_table_index}] = {},",
-                    values_with_symbols.len()
-                );
                 indent!(self);
-                next_table_index += 1;
 
                 for ((value, kind), symbols) in &mut values_with_symbols {
-                    next_table_index += 2 + symbols.len();
                     if *kind == SymbolType::NonTerminal {
                         add_line!(self, "STATE({value}), {},", symbols.len());
                     } else {
@@ -1421,6 +1232,11 @@ impl Generator {
                 }
 
                 dedent!(self);
+
+                index += 1 + values_with_symbols
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|(_, symbols)| 2 + symbols.len())
+                    .sum::<usize>();
             }
 
             dedent!(self);
@@ -1549,7 +1365,7 @@ impl Generator {
         indent!(self);
         add_line!(self, "static const TSLanguage language = {{");
         indent!(self);
-        add_line!(self, ".abi_version = LANGUAGE_VERSION,");
+        add_line!(self, ".version = LANGUAGE_VERSION,");
 
         // Quantities
         add_line!(self, ".symbol_count = SYMBOL_COUNT,");
@@ -1559,9 +1375,6 @@ impl Generator {
         add_line!(self, ".state_count = STATE_COUNT,");
         add_line!(self, ".large_state_count = LARGE_STATE_COUNT,");
         add_line!(self, ".production_id_count = PRODUCTION_ID_COUNT,");
-        if self.abi_version >= ABI_VERSION_WITH_RESERVED_WORDS {
-            add_line!(self, ".supertype_count = SUPERTYPE_COUNT,");
-        }
         add_line!(self, ".field_count = FIELD_COUNT,");
         add_line!(
             self,
@@ -1583,11 +1396,6 @@ impl Generator {
             add_line!(self, ".field_map_slices = ts_field_map_slices,");
             add_line!(self, ".field_map_entries = ts_field_map_entries,");
         }
-        if !self.supertype_map.is_empty() && self.abi_version >= ABI_VERSION_WITH_RESERVED_WORDS {
-            add_line!(self, ".supertype_map_slices = ts_supertype_map_slices,");
-            add_line!(self, ".supertype_map_entries = ts_supertype_map_entries,");
-            add_line!(self, ".supertype_symbols = ts_supertype_symbols,");
-        }
         add_line!(self, ".symbol_metadata = ts_symbol_metadata,");
         add_line!(self, ".public_symbol_map = ts_symbol_map,");
         add_line!(self, ".alias_map = ts_non_terminal_alias_map,");
@@ -1596,9 +1404,9 @@ impl Generator {
         }
 
         // Lexing
-        add_line!(self, ".lex_modes = (const void*)ts_lex_modes,");
+        add_line!(self, ".lex_modes = ts_lex_modes,");
         add_line!(self, ".lex_fn = ts_lex,");
-        if let Some(keyword_capture_token) = self.syntax_grammar.word_token {
+        if let Some(keyword_capture_token) = self.keyword_capture_token {
             add_line!(self, ".keyword_lex_fn = ts_lex_keywords,");
             add_line!(
                 self,
@@ -1621,42 +1429,8 @@ impl Generator {
             add_line!(self, "}},");
         }
 
-        add_line!(self, ".primary_state_ids = ts_primary_state_ids,");
+        if self.abi_version >= ABI_VERSION_WITH_PRIMARY_STATES {
-
+            add_line!(self, ".primary_state_ids = ts_primary_state_ids,");
-        if self.abi_version >= ABI_VERSION_WITH_RESERVED_WORDS {
-            add_line!(self, ".name = \"{}\",", self.language_name);
-
-            if self.reserved_word_sets.len() > 1 {
-                add_line!(self, ".reserved_words = &ts_reserved_words[0][0],");
-            }
-
-            add_line!(
-                self,
-                ".max_reserved_word_set_size = {},",
-                self.reserved_word_sets
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(TokenSet::len)
-                    .max()
-                    .unwrap()
-            );
-
-            let Some(metadata) = &self.metadata else {
-                panic!(
-                    indoc! {"
-                        Metadata is required to generate ABI version {}.
-                        This means that your grammar doesn't have a tree-sitter.json config file with an appropriate version field in the metadata table.
-                    "},
-                    self.abi_version
-                );
-            };
-
-            add_line!(self, ".metadata = {{");
-            indent!(self);
-            add_line!(self, ".major_version = {},", metadata.major_version);
-            add_line!(self, ".minor_version = {},", metadata.minor_version);
-            add_line!(self, ".patch_version = {},", metadata.patch_version);
-            dedent!(self);
-            add_line!(self, "}},");
         }
 
         dedent!(self);
@@ -1758,23 +1532,6 @@ impl Generator {
         }
     }
 
-    fn symbols_for_alias(&self, alias: &Alias) -> Vec<Symbol> {
-        self.parse_table
-            .symbols
-            .iter()
-            .copied()
-            .filter(move |symbol| {
-                self.default_aliases.get(symbol).map_or_else(
-                    || {
-                        let (name, kind) = self.metadata_for_symbol(*symbol);
-                        name == alias.value && kind == alias.kind()
-                    },
-                    |default_alias| default_alias == alias,
-                )
-            })
-            .collect()
-    }
-
     fn sanitize_identifier(&self, name: &str) -> String {
         let mut result = String::with_capacity(name.len());
         for c in name.chars() {
@@ -1850,11 +1607,11 @@ impl Generator {
                         '\u{007F}' => "DEL",
                         '\u{FEFF}' => "BOM",
                         '\u{0080}'..='\u{FFFF}' => {
-                            write!(result, "u{:04x}", c as u32).unwrap();
+                            result.push_str(&format!("u{:04x}", c as u32));
                             break 'special_chars;
                         }
                         '\u{10000}'..='\u{10FFFF}' => {
-                            write!(result, "U{:08x}", c as u32).unwrap();
+                            result.push_str(&format!("U{:08x}", c as u32));
                             break 'special_chars;
                         }
                         '0'..='9' | 'a'..='z' | 'A'..='Z' | '_' => unreachable!(),
@@ -1885,9 +1642,11 @@ impl Generator {
                 '\r' => result += "\\r",
                 '\t' => result += "\\t",
                 '\0' => result += "\\0",
-                '\u{0001}'..='\u{001f}' => write!(result, "\\x{:02x}", c as u32).unwrap(),
+                '\u{0001}'..='\u{001f}' => result += &format!("\\x{:02x}", c as u32),
-                '\u{007F}'..='\u{FFFF}' => write!(result, "\\u{:04x}", c as u32).unwrap(),
+                '\u{007F}'..='\u{FFFF}' => result += &format!("\\u{:04x}", c as u32),
-                '\u{10000}'..='\u{10FFFF}' => write!(result, "\\U{:08x}", c as u32).unwrap(),
+                '\u{10000}'..='\u{10FFFF}' => {
+                    result.push_str(&format!("\\U{:08x}", c as u32));
+                }
                 _ => result.push(c),
             }
         }
@@ -1940,8 +1699,6 @@ pub fn render_c_code(
     lexical_grammar: LexicalGrammar,
     default_aliases: AliasMap,
     abi_version: usize,
-    semantic_version: Option<(u8, u8, u8)>,
-    supertype_symbol_map: BTreeMap<Symbol, Vec<ChildType>>,
 ) -> String {
     assert!(
         (ABI_VERSION_MIN..=ABI_VERSION_MAX).contains(&abi_version),
@@ -1949,23 +1706,26 @@ pub fn render_c_code(
     );
 
     Generator {
+        buffer: String::new(),
+        indent_level: 0,
         language_name: name.to_string(),
+        large_state_count: 0,
         parse_table: tables.parse_table,
         main_lex_table: tables.main_lex_table,
         keyword_lex_table: tables.keyword_lex_table,
+        keyword_capture_token: tables.word_token,
         large_character_sets: tables.large_character_sets,
         large_character_set_info: Vec::new(),
         syntax_grammar,
         lexical_grammar,
         default_aliases,
+        symbol_ids: HashMap::new(),
+        symbol_order: HashMap::new(),
+        alias_ids: HashMap::new(),
+        symbol_map: HashMap::new(),
+        unique_aliases: Vec::new(),
+        field_names: Vec::new(),
         abi_version,
-        metadata: semantic_version.map(|(major_version, minor_version, patch_version)| Metadata {
-            major_version,
-            minor_version,
-            patch_version,
-        }),
-        supertype_symbol_map,
-        ..Default::default()
     }
     .generate()
 }

cli/src/generate/rules.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-use std::{collections::BTreeMap, fmt};
+use std::{collections::HashMap, fmt};
 
-use serde::Serialize;
 use smallbitvec::SmallBitVec;
 
 use super::grammars::VariableType;
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub enum SymbolType {
     External,
     End,
@@ -14,19 +13,19 @@ pub enum SymbolType {
     NonTerminal,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub enum Associativity {
     Left,
     Right,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub struct Alias {
     pub value: String,
     pub is_named: bool,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Default, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Default)]
 pub enum Precedence {
     #[default]
     None,
@@ -34,50 +33,48 @@ pub enum Precedence {
     Name(String),
 }
 
-pub type AliasMap = BTreeMap<Symbol, Alias>;
+pub type AliasMap = HashMap<Symbol, Alias>;
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct MetadataParams {
     pub precedence: Precedence,
     pub dynamic_precedence: i32,
     pub associativity: Option<Associativity>,
     pub is_token: bool,
+    pub is_string: bool,
+    pub is_active: bool,
     pub is_main_token: bool,
     pub alias: Option<Alias>,
     pub field_name: Option<String>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub struct Symbol {
     pub kind: SymbolType,
     pub index: usize,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum Rule {
     Blank,
     String(String),
     Pattern(String, String),
     NamedSymbol(String),
     Symbol(Symbol),
-    Choice(Vec<Self>),
+    Choice(Vec<Rule>),
     Metadata {
         params: MetadataParams,
-        rule: Box<Self>,
+        rule: Box<Rule>,
-    },
-    Repeat(Box<Self>),
-    Seq(Vec<Self>),
-    Reserved {
-        rule: Box<Self>,
-        context_name: String,
     },
+    Repeat(Box<Rule>),
+    Seq(Vec<Rule>),
 }
 
 // Because tokens are represented as small (~400 max) unsigned integers,
 // sets of tokens can be efficiently represented as bit vectors with each
 // index corresponding to a token, and each value representing whether or not
 // the token is present in the set.
-#[derive(Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct TokenSet {
     terminal_bits: SmallBitVec,
     external_bits: SmallBitVec,
@@ -85,32 +82,6 @@ pub struct TokenSet {
     end_of_nonterminal_extra: bool,
 }
 
-impl fmt::Debug for TokenSet {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_list().entries(self.iter()).finish()
-    }
-}
-
-impl PartialOrd for TokenSet {
-    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
-        Some(self.cmp(other))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Ord for TokenSet {
-    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
-        self.terminal_bits
-            .iter()
-            .cmp(other.terminal_bits.iter())
-            .then_with(|| self.external_bits.iter().cmp(other.external_bits.iter()))
-            .then_with(|| self.eof.cmp(&other.eof))
-            .then_with(|| {
-                self.end_of_nonterminal_extra
-                    .cmp(&other.end_of_nonterminal_extra)
-            })
-    }
-}
-
 impl Rule {
     pub fn field(name: String, content: Self) -> Self {
         add_metadata(content, move |params| {
@@ -178,18 +149,6 @@ impl Rule {
     pub const fn seq(rules: Vec<Self>) -> Self {
         Self::Seq(rules)
     }
-
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Self::Blank | Self::Pattern(..) | Self::NamedSymbol(_) | Self::Symbol(_) => false,
-            Self::String(string) => string.is_empty(),
-            Self::Metadata { rule, .. } | Self::Repeat(rule) | Self::Reserved { rule, .. } => {
-                rule.is_empty()
-            }
-            Self::Choice(rules) => rules.iter().any(Self::is_empty),
-            Self::Seq(rules) => rules.iter().all(Self::is_empty),
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 impl Alias {
@@ -306,13 +265,13 @@ impl Symbol {
 }
 
 impl From<Symbol> for Rule {
+    #[must_use]
     fn from(symbol: Symbol) -> Self {
         Self::Symbol(symbol)
     }
 }
 
 impl TokenSet {
-    #[must_use]
     pub const fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             terminal_bits: SmallBitVec::new(),
@@ -424,9 +383,6 @@ impl TokenSet {
         };
         if other.index < vec.len() && vec[other.index] {
             vec.set(other.index, false);
-            while vec.last() == Some(false) {
-                vec.pop();
-            }
             return true;
         }
         false
@@ -439,13 +395,6 @@ impl TokenSet {
             && !self.external_bits.iter().any(|a| a)
     }
 
-    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.eof as usize
-            + self.end_of_nonterminal_extra as usize
-            + self.terminal_bits.iter().filter(|b| *b).count()
-            + self.external_bits.iter().filter(|b| *b).count()
-    }
-
     pub fn insert_all_terminals(&mut self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         let mut result = false;
         if other.terminal_bits.len() > self.terminal_bits.len() {

cli/src/generate/tables.rs

@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ pub struct ParseState {
     pub id: ParseStateId,
     pub terminal_entries: IndexMap<Symbol, ParseTableEntry, BuildHasherDefault<FxHasher>>,
     pub nonterminal_entries: IndexMap<Symbol, GotoAction, BuildHasherDefault<FxHasher>>,
-    pub reserved_words: TokenSet,
     pub lex_state_id: usize,
     pub external_lex_state_id: usize,
     pub core_id: usize,
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ pub struct ProductionInfo {
     pub field_map: BTreeMap<String, Vec<FieldLocation>>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ParseTable {
     pub states: Vec<ParseState>,
     pub symbols: Vec<Symbol>,
@@ -93,7 +92,6 @@ pub struct LexTable {
 }
 
 impl ParseTableEntry {
-    #[must_use]
     pub const fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             reusable: true,

cli/src/generate/templates/.editorconfig

@@ -3,15 +3,11 @@ root = true
 [*]
 charset = utf-8
 
-[*.{json,toml,yml,gyp,xml}]
+[*.{json,toml,yml,gyp}]
 indent_style = space
 indent_size = 2
 
-[*.{js,ts}]
+[*.js]
-indent_style = space
-indent_size = 2
-
-[*.scm]
 indent_style = space
 indent_size = 2
 
@@ -31,10 +27,6 @@ indent_size = 4
 indent_style = space
 indent_size = 4
 
-[*.java]
-indent_style = space
-indent_size = 4
-
 [*.go]
 indent_style = tab
 indent_size = 8
@@ -45,6 +37,3 @@ indent_size = 8
 
 [parser.c]
 indent_size = 2
-
-[{alloc,array,parser}.h]
-indent_size = 2

cli/src/generate/templates/PARSER_NAME.pc.in

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+prefix=@PREFIX@
+libdir=@LIBDIR@
+includedir=@INCLUDEDIR@
+
+Name: tree-sitter-PARSER_NAME
+Description: CAMEL_PARSER_NAME grammar for tree-sitter
+URL: @URL@
+Version: @VERSION@
+Requires: @REQUIRES@
+Libs: -L${libdir} @ADDITIONAL_LIBS@ -ltree-sitter-PARSER_NAME
+Cflags: -I${includedir}