Previously, we attempted to completely separate the parse states
for item sets with non-terminal extras from the parse states
for other rules. But there was not a complete separation.
It actually isn't necessary to separate the parse states in this way.
The only special behavior for parse states with non-terminal extra rules
is what happens at the *end* of the rule: these parse states need to
perform an unconditional reduction.
Luckily, it's possible to distinguish these *non-terminal extra ending*
states from other states just based on their normal structure, with
no additional state.
Previously, in order to compile a `tree-sitter` grammar that contained
c++ source in the parser (ie the `scanner.cc` file), you would have to
compile the `parser.c` file separately from the c++ files. For example,
in rust this would result in a `build.rs` close to the following:
```
extern crate cc;
fn main() {
let dir: PathBuf = ["tree-sitter-ruby", "src"].iter().collect();
cc::Build::new()
.include(&dir)
.cpp(true)
.file(dir.join("scanner.cc"))
// NOTE: must have a name that differs from the c static lib
.compile("tree-sitter-ruby-scanner");
cc::Build::new()
.include(&dir)
.file(dir.join("parser.c"))
// NOTE: must have a name that differs from the c++ static lib
.compile("tree-sitter-ruby-parser");
}
```
This was necessary at the time for the following grammars: `ruby`,
`php`, `python`, `embedded-template`, `html`, `cpp`, `ocaml`,
`bash`, `agda`, and `haskell`.
To solve this, we specify an `extern "C"` language linkage declaration
to the functions that must be linked against to compile a parser with the
scanner, making parsers linkable against c++ source.
On all major compilers (gcc, clang, and msvc) this should be the only
change needed due to the combination of clang and gcc both supporting
designated initialization for years and msvc 2019 adopting designated
initializers as a part of the C++20 conformance push.
Subsequently, for rust projects, the necessary `build.rs` would become
(which also brings these parsers into sync with the current docs):
```
extern crate cc;
fn main() {
let dir: PathBuf = ["tree-sitter-ruby", "src"].iter().collect();
cc::Build::new()
.include(&dir)
.cpp(true)
.file(dir.join("scanner.cc"))
.file(dir.join("parser.c"))
.compile("tree-sitter-ruby");
}
```
